New NMFS Scientific Reports Published - spo.nmfs.noaa.gov
Transcript of New NMFS Scientific Reports Published - spo.nmfs.noaa.gov
Publications
New NMFS ScientificReports Published
The publications listed below may beobtained from either the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington, DC20402; from the Publications ServicesBranch (E/AIl3), National Environment Satellite, Data, and InformationService, NOAA, U.S. Department ofCommerce, 3300 Whitehaven St.,Washington, DC 20235; or from theNational Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce,Springfield, VA 22151. Writing to theagency prior to ordering is advised todetermine availability and price, whereappropriate (prices may change andprepayment is required).
NOAA Technical Report NMFSSSRF-773. Sedberry, George R. "Food
Toward an Understandingof Salmon Smoltification
Salmon, long North America's mostvaluable fishery, have the potential foreven greater productivity via aquaculture. Hatchery-reared fish have grownin importance, but the smolts must befully prepared for downstream migration and saltwater survival.
Several annual workshops on salmonid smoltification culminated in1981 in a formal symposium, the proceedings of which were published in aSpecial Issue, 28(1-2), of Aquaculture:"Salmonid Smoltification," the Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored bythe Pacific Sea Grant Advisory Programand the California Sea Grant CollegeProgram. Guest editors for the issuewere H. A. Bern of the University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, Department ofZoology, and Conrad V. W. Mahnken of
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habits and trophic relationships of acommunity offishes on the outer continental shelf." September 1983, iv +56 p., 34 figs., 10 tables.
ABSTRACTThe demersal fish community of the
Outer Continental Shelf in the Middle Atlantic Bight consists of resident species(Lophius americanus. Citharichthys arctifrons, Paralichthys oblongus) , seasonalspecies with boreal affinities (Rajaerinacea. Urophycis chuss. Merlucciusbilinearis. Macrozoarces americanus), andseasonal species with warm-temperateaffinities (Urophycis regia, Stenotomuschrysops). Although most dominant demersal fishes of the Outer Continental Shelffeed primarily on dense, stable macrobenthic invertebrate communities, some feedon fishes, cephalopods, and planktonic invertebrates. In addition to seasonal changesin prey species preference, food habits
the NMFS Northwest and AlaskaFisheries Center's Manchester (Wash.)Laboratory.
In this Special Issue, prominent researchers present their work on topicsimportant to salmonid development andenhancement. Included are papers onmorphological indices of developmental progress in the coho parrsmolt, an ultrastructural study ofchanges in the endocrine organs ofcoho salmon during normal and abnormal smoltification, thyroid andsteroid hormones for control of salmonid growth and smoltification, factors in the surge in thyroid activity insalmon during smoltification, interrenal function and smoltification, andosmoregulatory changes accompanying smoltification in the coho salmon.
Also discussed is stunting and parrreversion during coho smoltification,photoperiod control of coho smoltifica-
change considerably with fish size. Mostpredator species share many prey species.Overlap in diet among predators varies seasonally, with overlap relationships changingas species and size-class composition of thepredators changes. Intraspecific diet overlapbetween size classes is low, but higher interspecific overlap occurs between speciesof similar size. Dietary overlap is lowest inthe spring, when planktonic and nektonicorganisms are consumed by most size classes of dominant predators. Although manyimportant prey species are consumed byseveral predators, some are selectively consumed by only a few predators, so there isnever complete dietary overlap between twospecies.
NOAA Technical Report NMFSSSRF-777. Love, Milton S., and MikeMoser. "A checklist of parasites ofCalifornia, Oregon, and Washingtonmarine and estuarine fishes." December 1983,576 p.
ABSTRACTThis report is a summary of the published
records of parasites found from the marineand estuarine fishes of California, Oregon,and Washington. Coverage has not beenlimited to the western United States: It alsoincludes parasite reports from throughouteach fish's range. Included is a host-parasitelist and parasite-host cross-index.
tion, circannual rhythms and photoperiod regulation of growth and smolting in Atlantic salmon, precocioussexual maturation and smoltification inmale Atlantic salmon, stress and rearing of salmonids, an assessment ofsize/time requirements for ColumbiaRiver hatchery coho salmon releases,criteria for parr-smolt transformation injuvenile chinook salmon, criteria foradaptation of salmonids to high salinityseawater, and more.
The papers are both well written andedited and the volume is a handy reference source for those interested in gaining a better understanding of smoltification and its management in enhancingsalmonid survival. Copies of the 270page Special Issue are available forUS$62.00 (DF1.155.00) and prepaidorders should be sent to Elsevier Science Publishers, P.O. Box 330, 1000AH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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NOAA Technical Report NMFSSSRF-778. Braham, Howard W., BruceD. Krogman, and Geoffrey M. Carroll."Bowhead and white whale migration, distribution, and abundance inthe Bering, Chukchi, and BeaufortSeas, 1975-78." January 1984, 39 p.
ABSTRACT
From September 1975 to September 1977we conducted field research on bowhead,Balaena mysticetus, and white, Delphinapterus leucas, whales in the U.S. Bering,Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas. The objectiveswere to determine the general distributionand migration of these whales in spring andautumn and to estimate abundance. We alsosurveyed the literature beginning in June1975 through March 1978 to augment ourempirical results.
Bowhead and white whales spend thewi nter months among the pack ice and openwater of the central and western Bering Sea.They migrate into the eastern Chukchi Seaand across the southern and central BeaufortSea from April through June. Their routetakes them along the west side of the northern Bering Sea through Bering Strait, alongthe northwest coast of Alaska between PointHope and Point Barrow, generally within 50km of shore (closer to Point Barrow than off
Chemistry, Biochemistry,and Fish Utilization
"Chemistry & Biochemistry ofMarine Food Products," edited byRoy E. Martin, George J. Flick, ChiekoE. Hebard, and Donn R. Ward, is a newreference published by Avi PublishingCompany, 250 Post Road East, PO.Box 831, Westport, CT 06881. Martinis Director of Science and Technology,National Fisheries Institute, Washington, D.C.; Flick and Hebard are withthe Virginia Polytechnic Institute andState University (VPl&SU), Blacksburg, Va.; and Ward is with theVPI&SU at Hampton, Va.
Broad in scope, the volume containsmuch information useful to those concerned with the utilization of ourmarine fisheries. It provides excellentreviews of important aspects of seafoodtechnology and by-product utilization,along with recent advances in marineproduct preservation.
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Point Hope and Cape Lisburne), andoffshore in the Beaufort Sea generally towithin 60 km of the coast (exceptions arepointed out in the text).
Virtually all bowhead migration appearsto follow this pattern; however, whitewhales oay be divided into groups (orstocks) of varying sizes, some occurring inBristol Bay, Norton Sound, KotzebueSound, and along the northwest coast of
South, Central AmericanFishery Reports Available
Chilean Fisheries
Chile has become the preeminentLatin American fishing country. Thecountry's 1982 fisheries catch surpassed4.0 million metric tons (t), a 20 percentincrease over the 3.3 million t taken in1981. The increased catch, however, hasnot been reflected in increased profits forChilean companies.
Most of the catch is reduced to fish
In bringi ng together currently knowndata on the chemistry and biochemistryof marine food products, the book is anexpansion of a symposium held in 1979during the American Chemical Society's meeting in Washington, D.C. It isstructured to emphasize the importanceof those sciences to the complexities offisheries technology and to provide adeeper understanding of those changesoccurring in this resource. The editorsalso present material and referencestranslated from foreign sources that hadnot appeared elsewhere in the U. S. scientific literature.
The volume begins with a review oflipid oxidation in fish muscle microsomes. Chapter 2, by John Spinelli andJohn Dassow, is on the modificationand potential uses of fish proteins in thefood industry. Also reviewed are recentadvances in the chemistry of iced fishspoilage, histamine formation in fish,identification of fish species by isoelectric focusing, properties of fish oils by
Alaska during summer. The largest component of the white whale population migratesinto the Canadian Beaufort Sea in spring atroughly the same time as the bowheads.Autumn migration results were not obtained, generally, for either species.
The 1978 minimum estimate of thebowhead whale population was 1,800-2,900individuals; for white whales in Alaskanwaters it was 9,000-16,000 individuals.
meal, but low prices for that productaffected company earnings in 1981 andearly 1982. The Government's exchangerate policy has also affected companyearnings. Chilean officials believe that,even with the recent growth of thefisheries catch, there are still extensiveunutilized resources that will enable theindustry to continue expanding for several years.
The U. S. Embassy in Santiago,Chile, has prepared a 26-page reportreviewing Chile's fishing industry. Itincludes information on the catch,processing, exports, fleet, vessel con-
Maurice E. Stansby, and steroids inmollusks and crustacea of the PacificNorthwest.
Also reviewed are carotenoid pigments in seafood, TMAO in fish andshellfish, heavy metals in fishery products, seafood irradiation by Joseph J.Licciardello and Louis J. Ronsivall i,enzymatic ammonia production in icedpenaeid shrimp, effects of processingon clam flavor volatiles, biochemicalevaluation of seafood, flavor components in fish and shellfish, effect of heatprocessing on color characteristics incrustacean blood, utilization of shellfish waste for chitin and chitosan production, blueing discoloration ofDungeness crabmeat by Jerry K. Babbitt, vitamins and minerals in PacificNorthwest seafoods, enzyme modifications of fishery by-products, and preservation of seafood with modified atmospheres.
With growi ng opportunities to catch,culture, and utilize U.S. seafoods, the
Marine Fisheries Review
struction, market for U. S. exporters andinvestors, and Chilean developmentprograms. A copy can be purchased for$5.00 by ordering report number ITA83-02-002 from the National TechnicalInformation Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA 22161.
Venezuelan Fisheries
Venezuelan fishermen caught about193,000 t offish and shellfish in 1981, a 2percent increase over the 190,000 t takenin 1980. The tuna industry expanded butthere was a sharp decline in the sardinefishery. Shrimp fishermen near LakeMaracaibo reported continuing problems with industrial pollution andsewage.
Venezuela, in recent years, has become one of the major Latin Americanmarkets for U.S. fishery products. However, Venezuela's deepening economicdifficulties and increased competitionfrom Andean Pact partners Ecuador andPeru have forced the government to implement restrictive new trade practiceswhich will affect imports from theUnited States.
volume should be a very useful reference for those dealing with fisheriestechnology and utilization. The indexed 474-page hardbound volume has23 chapters, each with many references, and is available from the pUblisher for $45.00 in the United Statesand $49.50 elsewhere.
Progress in FishCulture Is Reported
"Recent Advances in Aquaculture," edited by James F. Muir andRonald J. Roberts and published byWestview Press, 5500 Central Avenue,Boulder, CO 80301 (and Croom Helm)presents six long reviews on topics ofconsiderable interest to aquaculturists.Muir is a Lecturer in the Institute ofAquaculture at the University of Stirling, and Roberts is Director of the Institute.
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The U. S. Embassy in Caracas hasprepared a 15-page report reviewing1981-82 fishery developments. The report describes the tuna, sardine, andshrimp fisheries, the role of the fishingindustry in the national economy, government policy, international relations,import restrictions, and opportunitiesfor U.S. businessmen. A copy can bepurchased for $5.00 by ordering ITA83-03-006 from NTIS.
Mexican Fisheries
The U.S. Fisheries Attache for LatinAmerica stationed at the U. S. Embassyin Mexico City has prepared a 9-pagereview of the Mexican fishing industry.The report includes information onMexican fishery policies, catch, tuna,shrimp, fish meal, sport fishing, jointventures, fleet, consumption, credit,budget, and processing. U.S. companies can order a copy for $5.00 byrequesting ITA-83-02-008 from NTIS.
Brazilian Fisheries
Brazil has one of the world's largestcoastlines and river systems, but has
In Chapter 1, Donald J. Macintosh,who has extensively studied mangroveecology at the University of Malaysia,explains the significance of mangrovesto both fisheries and aquaculture anddescribes the distribution and ecologyof mangrove swamps, their productivity and energy flow, and mangrove pondculture practices for finfish, prawns,crabs, moll usks, and seaweeds.
Another lengthy chapter by J. F.Wickins relates opportunities for farming crustaceans in western temperateregions, beginning with a brief reviewof the demand for crustaceans and theirbiology. Culture options (i.e., prawns,lobsters, crayfish, etc.) are discussed,as is the reuse of water in controlledenvironment cultures.
The biology and culture ofsnakeheads, a species popular in theorient, is presented by Kok Leong Weewhile Kim Jauncey reviews carp nutrition. The snakehead has higher proteinand lower fat content than carp or
only begun to exploit its fishery potential.
The U. S. Embassy in Brazilia hasprepared a 33-page report on the nation'sfishing industry. The report includes 21statistical tables and information ontrade, tuna, sardines, lobster, whales,leasing foreign vessels, and fisheries development. U. S. companies can obtain acopy by ordering ITA-83-02-007 for$5.00 from NTIS.
Ecuadorean Fisheries
Ecuadorean fishery exports increasedin 1981, making fishery products thecountry's most important nonpetroleumexport commodity. Almost all of the increase was due to the continued growthof the country's pond shrimp industry.
The U.S. Embassy in Quito has prepared a 19-page report on the Ecuadorean fishing industry. It includes 16 statistical tables and information onshrimp, shrimp culture, tuna, cannedproducts, fish meal, economic development, and research. U.S. companies canobtain a copy by ordering ITA-83-0l003 for $5.00 from NTIS.
tilapia, and Wee reviews their systematics, nutritional attributes, economicsof their culture, their ecological requirements and air breathing characteristics, life history, fecundity, growthrate, etc. He then discusses snakeheadculture and diseases and suggests several areas for future research in diseasecontrol, breeding, genetic selection andhybridization, and culture technology.
Another long chapter by John D.Balarin and Rene D. Haller is devotedto the intensive culture of tilapia intanks, raceways, and cages. Discussedis the suitability of tilapia for intensiveculture and intensive fry production,along with nutrition and feeding in intensive culture. Then, the authors givean economic evaluation and futureprospects of tilapia culture.
Finally, James F. Muir provides athorough review of recirculated watersystems in aquaculture, discussingoperating conditions, overall systemdesign, oxygen supply, nitrogen re-
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moval, solids removal, sterilization,chemical oxidation processes, pH control, energy use in recycled systems,system operation and control, husbandry and production management,and economics of recycling systems.
Each chapter discusses practical advances made by the authors and includes many fairly recent (up to about1981) references. The book will likelybe of interest to practicing fish culturists as well as students and scientists.Indexed, the 453-page hardbound volume costs $49.75 or £27.50.
Bacterial and ViralDiseases of Fishes
Expanding interest in fish diseasestudies culminated in a 1981 symposium of the Society for General Microbiology in Edinburgh, Scotland, andthe result of that is "Microbial Diseases of Fish," edited by R. J. Robertsand published as the Society's SpecialPublication No.9 by Academic PressInc. (London) Ltd., 24-28 Oval Road,London, England NWI 7DX.
The volume contains 12 well-writtenreviews: A. E. Ellis explains the difference between the immune mechanismsof fish and higher vertebrates, M. J.Manning et al. review developmentalaspects of immunity and tolerance infish, and P. D. Ward discusses the development of bacterial vaccines forfish. Ken Wolf then reviews newly discovered viruses and viral diseases offishes between 1977 and 1981 and B. J.Hill reports on infectious pancreaticnecrosis virus and its virulence.
Additionally, C. Agius reviews virusdiseases of warm water fish, A. L.Munro details the pathogenesis ofbacterial diseases of fishes, and C.Michel reports on progress towardfurunculosis vaccination. Finally, thepathogenicity of Vibrio anguillarum isexamined by M. T. Horne while D. J.Alderman discusses fungal diseasesof aquatic animals, A. H. McVicarpresents an extensi ve review oflchthyophonus infections of fish, andA. D. Pickering and L. G. Willoughbyreview Saprolegnia infections of salmonids.
In sum, the volume represents a use-
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ful and fairly recent synthesis of information on microbial fish pathogens.The 305-page hardbound book is indexed, and each chapter is well documented with references. It is availablefrom the publisher for £21.80 or$40.50.
"Bacterial and Viral Diseases ofFish: Molecular Studies," edited byJorge H. Crosa of the School ofMedicine, Oregon Health SciencesUniversity, Portland, has been published as WSG-WO 83-1 by the Washington Sea Grant Program, 3716 Brooklyn Avenue, N.E., Seattle, WA 98105.
The six chapters in this small paperbound volume present recent researchon important bacterial and viral diseases of salmonids, and work whichmight lead to eventual development ofsuccessful fish vaccines. The first paperprovides a detailed account of the majordiseases causing mortality among cultured salmonids and also deals with themethods for preventing and halting thespread of those diseases.
The next three chapters analyze thecausative agents of vibriosis and furunculosis. Finally, the molecular study oftwo viral systems, infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) and infectiouspancreatic necrosis (IPN) viruses, arediscussed in the last two papers. Thesmall 86-page volume, unindexed, isavailable from the publisher for $5.00.
A Look at the NewEngland Fisheries
"Industry in Trouble," subtitled"The Federal Government and the NewEngland Fisheries," by Margaret E.Dewar, has been published by the Temple University Press, Broad and OxfordStreets, Philadelphia, PA 19122. In it,the author, an Assistant Professor at theHubert H. Humphrey Institute of PublicAffairs, University of Minnesota, reviews the New England fishing industrysince World War II, its problems, andthe efforts to solve them. She thencompares her analysis with Government efforts to aid other U. S. industries(i.e., steel, shoes, merchant marine,shipbuilding, etc.).
Chapter by chapter the authorexplores the structure and problems ofthe New England fisheries, efforts at
aiding them, shortcomings of intervention, foreign fleets and questions offisheries control, fishery managementimplementation, and examinesshortcomings in public efforts to revitalize the fisheries.
The author gives her views of thefishing industry problems, how the fishing industry perceived them, the Federal aid or programs to alleviate theproblems, and the effects of those programs. Often, she says, the root causesof problems were not fully identified byeither the public or private sectors, andthus there were many problems in finding good solutions, and in implementing the programs. She predicts that thefishing industry will continue to faceproblems, seek government help, andthat the effecti veness of that aid wi IIagain depend on how well industry,Congress, and administrators learnfrom the past.
The author has provided an in-depthand relatively unbiased look at theNew England groundfish fishery andher primary recommendations are forbetter analysis of all aspects of thepercei ved problems of that fishery,along with analysis of the effects ofany proposed solutions or programs.The author also suggests some waysthat government aid could be moreeffective and addresses the questionabout when the government shouldstep into help an ail ing industry.While some may not agree with all ofthe author's beliefs or suggestions, thebook does present a thoughtful analysis which may be useful even beyondthe fishing industry. The 252-pagehardbound volume is indexed, provides extensive notes and references,and is available from the publisherfor $29.95.
Pay Lake, Fish HaulerDirectory Published
A directory of pay lakes and live fishhaulers in selected states is now available according to the National MarineFisheries Service. For a free copy, U. S.firms should write Jim Ayers, NationalMarine Fisheries Service, NOAA,Suite 200,11215 Hermitage Road, Little Rock, AR 72211, or telephone 501378-5888.
Marine Fisheries Review 46( I )