NEW MOVEMENTS IN AMERICA (1815–1850)

CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM

HOLT

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

Beginnings to 1877

NEW MOVEMENTS IN AMERICANEW MOVEMENTS IN AMERICA(1815–1850)(1815–1850)Section 1:Section 1: America’s Spiritual Awakening America’s Spiritual Awakening

Section 2:Section 2: Immigrants and Cities Immigrants and Cities

Section 3:Section 3: Reforming Society Reforming Society

Section 4:Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery The Movement to End Slavery

Section 5:Section 5: Women’s Rights Women’s Rights

Chapter 15


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Beginnings to 1877

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How did religion affect Americans during the How did religion affect Americans during the

Second Great Awakening?Second Great Awakening? What were the transcendentalists’ views of What were the transcendentalists’ views of

American society?American society? What were some ideas of the romantic What were some ideas of the romantic

movement?movement?

Section 1: Section 1: America’s Spiritual AwakeningAmerica’s Spiritual Awakening


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Beginnings to 1877

Second Great AwakeningSecond Great AwakeningDuring the During the Second Great AwakeningSecond Great Awakening, church , church membership and religious faith spread across the membership and religious faith spread across the country.country.



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Beginnings to 1877

Transcendentalists’ ViewTranscendentalists’ Viewof American Societyof American Society simplesimple spiritualspiritual free from material objectsfree from material objects equality for men and womenequality for men and women



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Beginnings to 1877

Ideas of American RomanticsIdeas of American Romantics spiritualityspirituality simple lifesimple life naturenature individualismindividualism democracydemocracy



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Beginnings to 1877

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Why did so many Irish and German Why did so many Irish and German

immigrants come to the United States in the immigrants come to the United States in the 1840’s and 1850’s?1840’s and 1850’s?

How did some Americans react to How did some Americans react to immigrants?immigrants?

What caused U.S. cities to grow, and what What caused U.S. cities to grow, and what benefits and problems did this growth create?benefits and problems did this growth create?

Section 2: Section 2: Immigrants and CitiesImmigrants and Cities


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Beginnings to 1877

Wave of ImmigrantsWave of Immigrants fled to escape economic and political fled to escape economic and political

problemsproblems fled to escape religious persecutionfled to escape religious persecution



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Beginnings to 1877

Response to ImmigrantsResponse to Immigrants became became nativistsnativists formed the formed the Know-Nothing PartyKnow-Nothing Party


nativistnativist – U.S. citizens who opposed immigration – U.S. citizens who opposed immigration because they were suspicious of immigrants and feared because they were suspicious of immigrants and feared losing jobs to themlosing jobs to them


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Beginnings to 1877

Growth of CitiesGrowth of Cities Industrial and Transportation RevolutionsIndustrial and Transportation Revolutions Rural MigrationRural Migration ImmigrationImmigration

Benefits: aided business owners and skilled workers Benefits: aided business owners and skilled workers and furthered arts and cultureand furthered arts and culture

Problems: overcrowding, limited transportation, Problems: overcrowding, limited transportation, conflicts between social classes, lack of safe housing conflicts between social classes, lack of safe housing and public services, tenementsand public services, tenements



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Beginnings to 1877

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How did reformers improve prisons in the How did reformers improve prisons in the

early and mid-1800’s?early and mid-1800’s? Why did reformers start the temperance Why did reformers start the temperance

movement?movement? How did Americans’ educational How did Americans’ educational

opportunities change during the early and mid opportunities change during the early and mid 1800’s?1800’s?

Section 3: Section 3: Reforming SocietyReforming Society


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Beginnings to 1877

Prison Reform in the Mid 1800’sPrison Reform in the Mid 1800’s separate facilities for mentally ill and separate facilities for mentally ill and

criminalscriminals state hospitalsstate hospitals reform schoolsreform schools houses of correctionhouses of correction



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Beginnings to 1877

Temperance MovementTemperance MovementThe The temperance movementtemperance movement was begun to halt was begun to halt alcohol abuse and social problems.alcohol abuse and social problems.



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Beginnings to 1877

Changes in Education – Changes in Education – early and mid 1800’searly and mid 1800’s common-school movementcommon-school movement more funding and better salariesmore funding and better salaries greater opportunities for women, African greater opportunities for women, African

Americans, and people with special needsAmericans, and people with special needs



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Beginnings to 1877

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Why did some Americans become Why did some Americans become

abolitionists?abolitionists? How did abolitionists spread the movement’s How did abolitionists spread the movement’s

message?message? Why were some Americans against abolition?Why were some Americans against abolition?

Section 4: Section 4: The Movement to End SlaveryThe Movement to End Slavery


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Beginnings to 1877

AbolitionistsAbolitionistsAmerican American abolitionistsabolitionists opposed slavery on opposed slavery on religious, moral and political grounds. Others religious, moral and political grounds. Others wanted to prevent conflicts between races.wanted to prevent conflicts between races.



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Beginnings to 1877

Spreading the Spreading the AbolitionistAbolitionist Message Message speaking toursspeaking tours newspaper articles and pamphletsnewspaper articles and pamphlets poetry and literaturepoetry and literature The LiberatorThe Liberator American Anti-Slavery SocietyAmerican Anti-Slavery Society



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Beginnings to 1877

Opposition to Opposition to AbolitionAbolition thought freed slaves would take jobs away thought freed slaves would take jobs away

from whitesfrom whites thought slavery was a vital party of Southern thought slavery was a vital party of Southern

economy and cultureeconomy and culture opposed interference from outsidersopposed interference from outsiders



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Beginnings to 1877

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How did the abolitionist movement affect the How did the abolitionist movement affect the

women’s rights movement?women’s rights movement? What were some goals of the women’s rights What were some goals of the women’s rights

movement?movement? What was the purpose of the Seneca Falls What was the purpose of the Seneca Falls

convention, and why was it significant?convention, and why was it significant?

Section 5: Section 5: Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights


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Beginnings to 1877

Influence of Abolition on Women’s RightsInfluence of Abolition on Women’s RightsWomen felt they had to defend their rights to Women felt they had to defend their rights to speak in public.speak in public.



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Beginnings to 1877

Goals of Women’s Rights MovementGoals of Women’s Rights Movement reform and abolitionreform and abolition better educationbetter education voting rightsvoting rights property ownership and controlproperty ownership and control



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Seneca Falls ConventionSeneca Falls Convention Purpose: organize a women’s rights Purpose: organize a women’s rights

movement movement Significance: first public meeting for Significance: first public meeting for

women’s rights in the U.S.women’s rights in the U.S.


NEW MOVEMENTS IN AMERICA (1815–1850)

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