New Module 2 · 2016. 8. 30. · North American Tools for Communities & Existing Neighborhoods...
Transcript of New Module 2 · 2016. 8. 30. · North American Tools for Communities & Existing Neighborhoods...
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North American Tools for
Communities & Existing Neighborhoods
Module 2
Eliot Allen, Principal, AICP, LEED AP-ND
Criterion PlannersPortland Oregon USA
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Module 2 Topics
• North American tools for communities &
existing neighborhoods
• Other notable tools
• Current prospects & future trends
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Community & Existing Neighborhood Tools
STAR
Community
Living
Community
Challenge
EcoDistrict
Protocol
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Comparative Qualities
STAR
Community
Living
Community
Challenge
EcoDistrict
Protocol
Outcome rating Outcome rating Process-basedassessment
City or county Neighborhood Neighborhood
Present, future Past, present, future Past, present, future
Geographic scale
Temporal scale
Appraisal type
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Comparison Continued
STAR
Community
Living
Community
Challenge
EcoDistrict
Protocol
Top down, rigid Top down, rigid Bottom up, adaptable
framework
Elective MandatoryMandatory scope, user
selected criteria
Every 3 years Every 3 years Every 2 years
Assessment criteria
Recertification
Approach
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Appraisal Scale & Type
Physical scale
• Entire municipality or county
Appraisal type
• Certification of point-based rating that awards
“stars”
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Scope – Goal Areas
• Built environment
• Climate & energy
• Economy
• Education & arts
• Equity & empowerment
• Health & safety
• Natural systems
• Innovation
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Local Government Motivations
• Demonstrate commitment
• National recognition
• Competitive advantage
• Improve transparency
• Fiscal strength
• Build partnerships
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Certification Levels
5-STAR 600+
4-STAR 400-599
3-STAR 200-399
Reporting STAR <200
Total Points - 750Certification Levels
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STAR Rating Points Allocation
Built environment 15%
Climate & energy 15%
Economy & jobs 15%
Equitable empowerment 15%
Health & safety 15%
Natural systems 15%
Education & arts 10%
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Who is Using STAR?
50+
certifications
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STAR Framework
7 Goals
44 Objectives
108 Outcomes
408 Actions
Built environment
Affordable housing
Document 10% of units are
affordable
Require affordable units in
new projects
Example
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Notable Objectives
• Quality jobs & living wages
• Workforce readiness
• Community cohesion
• Education opportunity & attainment
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Action Types
• Education & outreach
• Plan development
• Policy & code adjustment
• Partnership & collaboration
• Practice improvements
• Inventory & survey
• Enforcement & incentives
• Programs & services
• Facilities & infrastructure
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Rating Procedure
• Self-assessment checklist - preliminary examination
• 2nd party certification review by STAR staff
• Recertification required every 3 years
• No public engagement in rating process
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User Skill Requirements
• Familiarity with subject matter principles/practices
• Inter-departmental collaboration
• Data management & quantitative analysis
• No associated credential – relying on ISSP credential
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Rating Timeframe & Cost
• Data collection & submission preparation – minimum 1 year
• Certification - 2-3 months
• Cost – approximately $10,000 fees, plus staff labor
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Summary of STAR Community
• Only tool available for certifying entire jurisdiction
• Institutionalize “sustainability” in local government
• Relies on extensive tool provider support
• Valuable catalog of social, economic, environmental measures
• Difficult to scale-up for greater impact
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Group Question 5:
How are Japanese municipalities rating
their sustainability?
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Appraisal Scale & Type
Physical scale
• Neighborhood – increment or entirety
Appraisal type
• Two tiers of certification: 3 or more prerequisites,
or all 7
• Two certification stages: master plan & operating
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Scope – Performance Areas or “Petals”
• Place
• Water
• Energy
• Health & happiness
• Materials
• Equity
• Beauty
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Who is Using Living Community Challenge?
Test sites
• Seattle
• Washington DC• San Francisco
• New Orleans
• Normal, Illinois
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Rating System Structure
• 7 performance areas or ‘petals’
• 20 imperatives – all mandatory
• 6 zones on a “living transect”
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Notable Rating Criteria
• Net positive water, energy, waste
• Embodied energy – 1-time off-set
• 1:1 habitat protection off-site
• 100% of population within 3.6 km of shop, meet, work, learn
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% of Neighborhood
for Food
Production
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Off-Street
Parking
Streets &
Intersections
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2 Firms on
Team Must be
JUST-certified
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Notable Criteria Cont.
• Sharing programs – tools, books
• Equity off-set to nonprofit – ½ cent per project cost dollar
• Public art
• Health & wellbeing plan for each resident
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Disaster Preparedness Criteria
• Emergency back-up power - all buildings except single homes
• 1 week of energy storage
• Safe gathering location – 100% of population
• 2 block captains/500 persons
• Emergency response plan to each resident
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Rating Procedure
• Significant public engagement in planning process
• 1 year of performance data
• 3rd party certification review by independent assessor
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User Skill Requirements
• Technical knowledge of subject matter & “Living Building
Challenge” rating system
• Data management & quantitative analysis
• Optional credential – ILFI Accreditation
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Rating Timeframe & Cost
• Data collection & submission preparation - 1,000+/- person hours
• Certification - 2-3 months
• Cost - $10,000-$36,000 fees, plus labor
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Summary of Living Community Challenge
• Aspirational rating criteria, all mandatory
• Beauty, disaster preparedness, equity criteria
• Performance data required for certification
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Group Question 6:
Would Living Community Challenge be
suitable for Japanese neighborhoods?
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Appraisal Scale & Type
Physical scale
• Neighborhood
Appraisal type
• Formative, process-based self-assessment
• Certification of process completion &
performance reporting
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ScopeImperatives
• Equity
• Resilience
• Climate
Priorities
• Place
• Prosperous
• Health & Wellbeing
• Connectivity
• Living Infrastructure
• Resource Restoration
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Imperatives Woven Into Priorities
Priorities
Imperatives
Equity
Resilience
Climate Protection
PLC PRS HWB CON LIV RES
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Primary Users
Government
Redevelopment Authorities
Planning Agencies
Transportation Departments
Housing Authorities
Developers
Real Estate Developers
Business Improvement Districts
Campuses/Institutional Developers
Civic-Led Organizations
Community Development
Corporations
Non-Profit Groups
Community-Based Organizations
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Operating EcoDistricts
Emerging Districts• Atlanta• Austin• Cambridge• Denver• Detroit• Los Angeles• Washington DC
Seattle
Portland
San Diego
Saint Paul
Ottawa
Washington DC
Atlanta
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Protocol Framework
3 IMPLEMENTATION PHASES
6 PRIORITIES
3 IMPERATIVES
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• Pledge to pursue equity, resilience, climate protection
• Must commit before starting certification of
implementation phases
Imperatives Commitment
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Equity Imperative
“Cities that embrace equity identify and acknowledge the
populations most vulnerable to change. These cities experience
stronger and longer-lasting growth.
District teams must ensure their population has the opportunity
to meaningfully participate, lead, and thrive.”
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Types of Equity
• Procedural
• Structural
• Distributional and cross generational
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Resilience Imperative
“Resilience is the capacity of cities to function so that all people
are able to withstand the stresses and shocks they encounter.
Districts must address resilience with a broad lens that prepares
for social, economic, and environmental stresses and shocks.”
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Resilience Assets
• Knowledge & expertise
• Organizations & networks
• People
• Place
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Climate Protection Imperative
“Cities are responsible for a majority of global carbon dioxide
emissions, the dominant greenhouse gas contributing to climate
change.
District teams must build a pathway to carbon neutrality.”
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Collaborative Governance
Commit to
collaborate
Co-define
dilemma
Co-deliver
actionsCo-create
solutions
Co-design
process
Increasing trust ->
Building relationships ->
Enhancing capability ->
Requires appreciative mindsets
Embraces deliberative processes
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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Declaration of collaboration:
• Decision-making body & procedures
• Backbone organization
• Committed stakeholder resources
Formation Phase
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Each Priority:
• Objectives
- Indicators
- Current baseline
- Future targets
- Strategy to achieve targets
Roadmap Phase
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Assessment Method
• All imperatives & priorities must be addressed,
extent is up to district
• District establishes baseline, sets targets, reports progress
• Certification using 3rd party verifiers is pass/fail completion of
process - no points or scoring
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Notable Assessment Criteria
• Stakeholder engagement & inclusion
• Cultural celebration
• Active living
• Digital connectivity
• Nature connection
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Performance Certification – Biennial Progress Reports
Capitol Hill EcoDistrict Seattle WA
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User Skill Requirements
• General familiarity with subject matter
• Public outreach, process facilitation, leadership
• Optional credential – EcoDistricts Accredited Professional (AP)
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Summary of EcoDistricts Protocol
• Neighborhood regeneration through equity,
resilience, & climate protection
• People-centered, multi-year process
• Assessment framework, locally calibrated
• Performance data required to maintain
certification
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Group Question 7:
Would the EcoDistricts Protocol be
suitable for Japanese neighborhoods?
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Other Notable Tools
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Other Notable U.S. Tools for Neighborhoods
• Enterprise Green Communities - affordable housing
• Envision - infrastructure
• LEED-ND - green neighborhood
• SITES - landscape
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Other Notable Neighborhood Tools Internationally
• BREEAM Communities – UK
• DGNB Urban Districts - Germany
• Green Star Communities - Australia
• HQE for Urban Planning & Development - France
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Group Question 8:
Other Notable Tools?
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Current Prospects & Future Trends
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Prospects
Sectors with planned green activity next 3 years
Global Average
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Trends
• Globalization of tool marketing & brands
• Consolidation of tool providers
• Big data & the Internet of Things
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LEED Dynamic
Plaque
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Environmentaldashboard.org
OBERLIN, OHIO
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We Cannot Afford to Not Appraise Urban Sustainability
Sustainability Savings
SocialEnvironmental Economic
Vitality Gains
Prosperity Improvements
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International Mandate – New Urban Agenda
• “We will put in place…mechanisms for cooperation, consultation, and review
processes that create ownership among different stakeholders, for the
elaboration, monitoring, and continuous review of urban policies…”
• “We will foster the creation, promotion, and enhancement of open and
participatory data platforms using technological and social tools…to transfer
and share knowledge among…local governments and other
stakeholders…to enhance effective urban planning and management…”
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National Mandate – Japan Future Cities Initiative
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Neighborhood
Accounting of
Sustainability
Transactions
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Neighborhood Accounting of Sustainability Transactions
Capacity Credit Payments• Less traffic• Less energy• Less water• Less waste
Ecosystem Service Revenues• Stormwater mgmt.• Urban forestry• Wastewater treatment• Pollination
NeighborhoodRegeneration
Funds
Continuous ImprovementSocial &
EconomicImprovements
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Improving Appraisal Tools
• Bottom-up approach, greater relevance to daily life
• Affordable cost & simplicity
• Dynamic
• Monetize & account for benefits - GHG, water, waste,
transportation, health
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Taking Appraisal Tools Into the Future
• People-centered - relevant to daily life
• Simple, affordable, efficient
• Dynamic, sensor-based
• Transactional – benefits accounting
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Group Question 9:
What Are Other Future Prospects for Tools?