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WRITING RESEARCH PROPOSAL
SANJAY CHANDWANIM.A.(EDU), M.A. (ENGLISH), M.Phil (EDU), B.Ed., DISM, PhD (Education Pursuing), UGC NET (Education)
The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.
MEANING OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL
A research proposal is a document written by a
researcher that provides a detailed description of
the proposed program. It is like an outline of the
entire research process that gives a reader a
summary of the information discussed in a project.
Research refers to a search for knowledge
Research means a scientific and systematic search for
information on a specific topic
In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation.
The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions
through the application of scientific procedures
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Any research study should have a proper
proposal in written form before it is
actually carried out
It is like a blue print of a building plan
before the construction starts
Writing a research proposal is both
science and art
A good research proposal is based on
scientific facts and on the art of clear
communication
Writing a formal research proposal should
be started by the time one has decided on
the topic for the study
CONTENT OF THE PROPOSAL
Introduction of the Problem Significance of the problem Statement of the Problem Objectives of the study Hypotheses Delimitations of the study Design of the study Sampling Frame Sample Size Sample Area Sampling Technique References
Sampling
Introduction of the Problem
It includes introduction of the variables along
with the conceptual framework which has
been taken up for the research problem. It
also includes reference of literature to
mention the gaps in research pertaining to
the present problem and directs to extract
the significance of the problem.
Significance of the problem
HOW YOUR RESEARCH WILL CONTRIBUTE IN THEORY AND PRACTICE ?
HOW YOUR RESEARCH WILL STAKEHOLDERS?
HOW IT CAN BE USEFULL FOR CHANGE ?
Statement of the Problem
The problem is to be stated in detail giving the operational definitions of the technical terms used in the study
Objectives of the study
This is a very important and pivotal section and everything else in the study is centered around it
Objectives of the study - are to be clearly defined keeping in mind the significance of the study and avoiding duplicity and monotony (lack of variety and interest; repetition) in them.
The objective stated should be specific, achievable and measurable.
Too many objectives to be avoided. Even just one clearly stated relevant
objective for a study would be good enough.
If there is more than one objective the objectives can be presented in the appropriate order of importance.
Hypotheses
Hypotheses are to be formulated on the basis of objectives and review of literature and present them along with the justification or anticipated values of each of them.
Delimitations of the study - are to be mentioned.
DESIGN OF THE STUDY/METHOD AND PROCEDURE /RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
In the procedure adopted for carrying out the work i.e in research design, clearly mention the method and criterion of formation of different groups are to be given. Procedure can be given in descriptive or tabular form. The sampling design should include the following
Sampling Frame Sample Size Sample Area Sampling Technique Rather than giving separate information
under each sub-head, which makes it overlapping, it is advisable to present the whole information integrated in one or two paragraph(s) under the broad heading “Sampling”
Sampling
HOW TO WRITE ABOUT SAMPLING FOR e.g.
HOW TO WRITE REFERENCES / BIBLOGRAPHY
Give reference of each and every
author/institution which has been quoted
in any Chapter in the suggested pattern.
Maintain uniformity in the pattern in all
references.
Arrange references in alphabetical order
FORMAT OF REFERENCE Book, one author McKibben, B. (1992). The age of missing
information. New York: Random House. Book, multiple authors Larson, G. W., Ellis, D. C.,& Rivers, P. C.
(1984). Essentials of chemical dependency counseling. New York: Columbia University Press.
Edited book (editor in place of author) Inness, S. A. (Ed.). (1998). Delinquents and
debutantes: Twentieth-century American girls’ cultures. New York: New York University Press.
Edited book, multiple authors (editor in place of authors)
Moriarty, L. J., & Carter, D. L. (Eds.). (1998). Criminal justice technology in the 21st century. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas.
Article or chapter in an edited book
Hartley, J. T., Harker J. O.,& Walsh, D. A. (1980). Contemporary issues and new directions in adult development of learning and memory. In L. W. Poon (Ed.), Aging in the 1980s: Psychological issues (pp. 239-252). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Article in a journal Berkerian, D. A. (1993). The ADA and the
hiring process in organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), 10-36.
Citing articles in monthly periodicals Chandler-Crisp, S. (1988, May) "Aerobic
writing": A writing practice model. Writing Lab Newsletter, pp. 9-11.
Citing articles in weekly periodicals Kauffmann, S. (1993, October 18). On films:
Class consciousness. The New Republic, p.30. Article in a Popular Magazine Caloyianis, N. (1998, September). Greenland
sharks. National Geographic, 194, 60-71. Article in a Newspaper (Discontinuous
pages) Von Drehle, D. (2000, January 15). Russians
unveil new security plan. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A21.
Web sites/pages
Trapp, Y. U. (2005). Multiple intelligences: The learning process in our students. Retrieved July 1, 2006, from Yale University, Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute Web site: http:// www.yale.edu/ ynhti/curriculum/ units/2001/6/01.06.10.x.html