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SCENARIOS NEW LENS
A SHIFT IN PERSPECTIVE FOR A WORLD IN TRANSITION J.P. Jepp, Shell Canada May 29, 2014
WARNING: UNCERTAINTIES AHEAD This scenarios book contains forward-looking statements that may affect Shell’s financial condition, results of operations, and businesses of Royal Dutch Shell. All statements other than statements of historical fact are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are statements of future expectations that are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, performance or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied in these statements. Forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements concerning the potential exposure of Royal Dutch Shell to market risks and statements expressing management’s expectations, beliefs, estimates, forecasts, projections, and assumptions. These forward-looking statements are identified by their use of terms and phrases such as ‘‘anticipate’’, ‘believe’’, ‘‘could’’, ‘estimate’’, ‘‘expect’’, ‘‘goals’’, ‘‘intend’’, ‘‘may’’, ‘objectives’’, ‘‘outlook’’, ‘‘plan’’, ‘‘probably’’, ‘‘project’’, ‘‘risks’’, ‘‘seek’’, ‘‘should’’, ‘‘target’’, ‘‘will’’, and similar terms and phrases. There are a number of factors that could affect the future operations of Royal Dutch Shell and could cause those results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements included in this scenarios book, including (without limitation):(a) price fluctuations in crude oil and natural gas; (b) changes in demand for Shell’s products; (c) currency fluctuations; (d) drilling and production results;(e)
reserves estimates; (f) loss of market share and industry competition; (g) environmental and physical risks; (h) risks associated with the identification of suitable potential acquisition properties and targets, and successful negotiation and completion of such transactions; (i) the risk of doing business in developing countries and countries subject to international sanctions; (j) legislative, fiscal, and regulatory developments including regulatory measures addressingclimate change; (k) economic and financial market conditions in various countries and regions; (l) political risks, including the risks of expropriation and renegotiation of the terms of contracts with governmental entities, delays or advancements in the approval of projects, and delays in the reimbursement for shared costs; and (m) changes in trading conditions. All forward-looking statements contained in this book are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Additional factors that may affect future results are contained in Royal Dutch Shell’s 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012 which is available at www.shell.com/investor and www.sec.gov. These factors also should be considered by the reader. Each forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of this scenarios material, May 2014. Neither Royal Dutch Shell nor any of its subsidiaries undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forwardlooking statement as a result of new information, future events or other information. In light of these risks, results could differ materially from those stated, implied or inferred from the forward-looking statements contained in this scenarios book.
Agenda 1) What are the Shell Scenarios? 2) The New Lens Scenarios- Introduction 3) Mountains vs. Oceans- comparison 4) Primary Energy Demand- Regional
Scenarios 5) Primary Energy Demand- Road Transport 6) Mountains vs. Oceans- Cumulative CO2 7) Conclusion
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WHAT ARE THE SHELL SCENARIOS? In the 1960s, Shell economists and engineers began to
look at the political, social, and economic forces affecting Shell
The initial work allowed Shell management to better manage the 1973 oil crisis. This was the start of Shell Scenarios.
Since then, generations of Shell analysts have looked into the future to identify uncertainties, challenges and opportunities.
Summaries of some of these have been regularly shared outside Shell, contributing to important public debates.
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WHAT ARE THE SHELL SCENARIOS?
Current Realities Multiple Paths Plausible Future Scenarios
Scenarios
The Present The Path The Future Forecasting
MOUNTAINS OCEANS
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USA China Russia Japan India Germany
France Canada UK South Korea …etc
Heavy Industry Agriculture Services Transport
(passenger)
Transport (freight) Residential (heating) Residential
(appliances) Non-energy use
Solid Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuels Oil derived Gas derived Coal derived
Biofules (1st gen)
Biofuels (2nd gen) Gaseous
Hydrocarbon Electricity Heat Solar Hydrogen
Total Final Consumption Conversion technologies Total primary energy demand Supply/Demand
N. America Latin America Asia developed Asia developing Middle East & N.
Africa Sub Saharan Africa
Europe EU15 EU New 12 East other West other
Crude Oil Unconventional oil Natural Gas Unconventional
gas Coal Nuclear Hydroelectricity
Biomass New renewables:
Wind Solar Tidal Wave Geothermal Waste
NEW LENS SCENARIOS WORLD ENERGY MODEL Comprehensive country and sector analysis
NEW LENS SCENARIOS AN ERA OF VOLATILITY & TRANSITIONS
Growing Emphasis on Mini-Lateral
Social Unrest Demographic
Transitions
Challenged Environmental Boundaries
Surging Energy
Demand
Economic Stress and Growing Disparity
Political Unrest
Shift from West to East
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MOUNTAINS SCENARIO A VIEW FROM THE TOP
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Political - Influence remains concentrated in the hands of the currently powerful - Leaders create stability via methods that promote the status quo
Economic
- Rigid power structures and institutions hampers overall economic development - Some emerging economies see middle class grow, and then stagnate
Social - Inequalities continue to rise and expand in many societies - Young people lead increasing rebellion over social injustice
Energy - Slowed economic growth and compact cities alleviate demand pressures - Shale gas reaches widespread success; Gas becomes energy backbone - Slowing demand for liquid fuels limits growth
Climate - Sluggish economy and displacement of coal by gas = lower CO2 emissions - CCS becomes success as a way to maintain “our way of life”
MOUNTAINS TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY BY SOURCE
1200
1000 800
600
400
200
0
EJ/y
ear
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Oil Biofuels Natural Gas
Biomass Gasified Coal Biomass/Waste
Biomass Traditional Nuclear Hydroelectricty
Geothermal Solar Wind
Other renewables
Year
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OCEANS SCENARIO A VIEW OF THE HORIZON
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Political - The current elite recognize their continued success requires compromise - Volatility and multiple constituencies impede policy development (e.g. sprawl)
Economic
- Steady reform of economic structures keeps pace with emerging nations - Reform unleashes new economic productivity of broader sectors
Social - Focus on nation-state issues (rather than multi-lateral) - Increased connectivity enables profound shifts in opinion quickly = volatility
Energy - Growth in emerging nations boosts energy demand, squeezes supply - Shale gas does not meet expectations– especially outside North America - With limited growth in gas, coal maintains strong role– especially outside NA - Periods of high prices unlock new oil resources– long oil game - High prices for energy also unlocks expensive sources, and drives end-user EE
Climate - Emphasis on renewables and efficiency is not enough - GHG emissions continue to rise; need for significant adaptation
OCEANS TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY BY SOURCE
1200
1000 800
600
400
200
0
EJ/y
ear
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Oil Biofuels Natural Gas
Biomass Gasified Coal Biomass/Waste
Biomass Traditional Nuclear Hydroelectricty
Geothermal Solar Wind
Other renewables
Year
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PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND- REGIONAL
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PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND- REGIONAL SCENARIOS (OCEANS)
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OECD Non-OECD
Oil Biofuels Natural Gas
Biomass Gasified Coal Biomass/Waste
Biomass Traditional Nuclear Hydroelectricity
Geothermal Solar Wind
Other renewables
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2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 Year
0 20 40 60 80
100 120 140 160 180 200
EJ/Y
ear
(ene
rgy
Sour
ce)
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 Year
0 20 40 60 80
100 120 140 160 180 200
Oil Biofuels Natural Gas
Biomass Gasified Coal Biomass/Waste
Biomass Traditional Nuclear Hydroelectricity
Geothermal Solar Wind
Other renewables
Year
PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND- REGIONAL SCENARIOS (OCEANS)
USA China
Oil Biofuels Natural Gas
Biomass Gasified Coal Biomass/Waste
Biomass Traditional Nuclear Hydroelectricity
Geothermal Solar Wind
Other renewables
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Mountains Oceans
PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND- REGIONAL SCENARIOS- CANADA
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PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND- ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR
Mountains Oceans
Electricity and Hydrogen
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 Year
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Billi
on v
ehic
le k
m
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Year
PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND- ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR- SCENARIO CONTRAST
Gaseous Hydrocarbon Fuels Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels & Biofuels
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Electricity Hydrogen Gaseous Fuels Liquid Fuels
Mountains Oceans
PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND- ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR- CANADA
EMISSIONS CONTRAST: WORLD CUMULATIVE ENERGY-RELATED CO2 EMISSIONS
Mountains
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1500
1000
500
0
Oceans
21st C
entu
ry c
umul
ativ
e G
t C
O2
2061 - 2100 2031 – 2060 2013 - 2030 2000 - 2012
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2ºC Pathway
GLOBAL ENERGY-RELATED CO2 EMISSIONS – The battle with time
IF WE WANT THINGS TO STAY AS THEY ARE, THINGS WILL HAVE TO CHANGE.”
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GIUSEPPE TOMASI DI LAMPEDUSA The Leopard
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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