New Horizon English Book 1

Unit 10

Pre-reading activity: (20ms)

Ⅰ. Background Information

Robert Schuller, a Christian minister known worldwide for his church, the Crystal Cathedral (http://www.crystalcathedral.org) made of glass and steel, and the Hour of Power (http://www.hourofpower.org) church service which has been on television every week for over 30 years

ⅡLead-in Activity

Discuss in group the following topics:

1.       Have you ever cheated in the exams?      

While-reading Activity

Ⅰwords and phrases:

living-room n. a main room for general use in a house 客厅

The living-room is big enough for having a party. 这客厅很大，里面可以开晚会。

demonstrate

vt. 1. show clearly 演示，证明

You have to demonstrate how to operate the computer. 你得演示一下如何使用这台计算机。

vi. 2. take part in a march or meeting to protest or to make demands 参加游行；示威

Some 30,000 angry farmers are demonstrating in the central square. 大约三万愤怒的农民在中央广场举行示威。

integrity n. honesty 诚实

His integrity is unquestioned. 他的诚实是毋庸置疑的。

morality

n. 1. moral values; right or wrong 道德

It's not a question of morality but a question of conscience. 不是道德问题，而是良心问题。

2. quality; goodness 德行

One's morality often reflects his conscience. 人的品行常常与良心连在一起。

boundary

n. 1. (figuratively) limit界限；局限

the boundaries of human thought人类思想的界限

the boundaries of one's knowledge 人的知识的界限

2. dividing line 边界

The river forms the boundary between the two states. 这条河是两国的边界。

convenience

n. 1. comfort 舒适；便利

The new house has every modern convenience. 这新房子具有种种现代化的便利设施。

2. usefulness 方便

Shopping bags are provided for the customers' convenience. 提供购物袋以方便顾客。

inner

a. 1. unexpressed; secret 内心的

The secret was locked in the inner depths of his mind. 这秘密埋藏在他的内心深处。

2. inside 内在的；内部的

A closet is usually an inner room.壁橱通常是一个墙内的房间。

A group of children were lost in the inner part of the forest. 一群孩子在森林深处迷失了方向。

compass

n. 1. an instrument for drawing circles 圆规

2. an instrument for showing direction, with a needle that points to the north 指南针

scarce a. not much or many compared with what is wanted; hard to find 稀少

Nowadays men of integrity are scarce and hard to find. 如今诚实的人少了，很难找得到。

apply

v. 1. give or have an effect; use for a purpose（使）产生作用 , 适用于 ; 运用

The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. 安全驾驶的规则适用于每一个人。

He knows the rule but does not know how to apply it to his work. 他知道这条规则，但不知道如何将它运用到工作中去。

2. request officially 申请

She is applying for a job as secretary. 她正申请做秘书工作。

3. cause to work hard; devote 致力于

The reason for his failure in the exam is that he didn't apply himself to his study. 他考试不及格的原因是学习不用功。

triangle n. a figure or shape with 3 straight sides and 3 corners三角（形）

consist vi. (of) be made up of由 ...... 组成

The textbook consists of ten units. 这本教科书由 10个单元组成。

assistance n. (U) fml. help or support帮助，援助

Unless we receive more financial assistance from the government, the school will have to close.如果我们得不到政府更多的财政援助，这个学校就得停办。

ensure

vt. 1. make sure or certain 确保

Come early to ensure getting a good seat. 早些来，以确保有个好座位。

The novel ensured his name as a great writer. 这部小说使他获得了大作家的美誉。

2. make sure of getting; secure 担保

A letter of introduction will ensure you an interview. 一封介绍信可以使你得到面试的机会。

This medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep. 这药可保你睡个好觉。

surgeon n. a doctor who does surgery 外科医生

The surgeon completed a successful operation on the patient. 这位外科医生成功地给那病人做了手术。

sponge n. a simple sea animal with a rubber-like body; a piece of plastic or rubber material full of holes used for washing, cleaning, etc. 海绵

He cleaned the table with a sponge. 他用海绵擦桌子。

assure

vt. 1. tell positively or confidently 郑重告知

I assure you that this medicine cannot harm you. 我郑重告诉你，这药对你无害。

2. make (oneself) sure or certain; convince 使确信

Before going to bed she assured herself that the door was locked. 睡觉前，她确保自己已把门锁上了。

protest

v. 1. make complaint, object 反对；抗议They protested about the bad food at the hotel. 他们抗议旅馆里的食物质量太差。

There was a large crowd in the square, protesting against the war. 广场上聚集了一大群人，他们是在抗议那场战争。

2. declare seriously 宣称

We urged her to come to the party with us, but she protested that she was too tired. 我们力劝她和我们一道去参加晚会，但她说自己累了。

n. 1. a statement that declines or objects 抗议

If everyone refused to buy meat in protest, the shops would have to bring their meat prices down.如果大家都拒绝购买肉类以示抗议，商店就得将肉类价格降下来。

2. a serious statement 宣称

The charged man was judged guilty despite his protest of not being at fault. 尽管那个被指控的男子宣称自己无辜，他还是被判有罪。

concede

v. 1. yield 让与

He conceded us the right to walk through his land. 他向我们做出了让步，同意我们在他的地盘上通过。

2. admit as true, often unwillingly承认

The government conceded defeat as soon as the election results were known. 选举结果一公布，政府就承认失败了。

I'm willing to concede that a larger car would have cost more, but I still think we should have bought one. 我承认大轿车花费高，但我仍认为我们该买一辆。

intelligent a. clever聪明

All human beings are much more intelligent than animals. 人比动物聪明得多。

clarify vt. make clear; explain 弄清楚；解释

Thank you for writing and allowing me to clarify the present position. 感谢你给我写信并让我解释目前的处境。

appoint vt. choose (someone) for a job, etc. 任命

They appointed him as chairman. 他们任命他为主席。

They appointed him (to be) chairman. 他们任命他为主席。

nest n. a depressed place built or found by a bird for a home and a place to hold its eggs 巢

vi. build or use a nest 筑巢

Most birds nest in trees. 大多数鸟类在树上筑巢。

doll n. a small figure of a person, especially for a child to play with 洋娃娃

Mother gave her a doll as a gift on her birthday. 在她生日那天母亲送给她一个洋娃娃作礼物。

progressive a. 1. moving forward continuously or by stages 连续的；一步一步的We see the progressive development of the city with our own eyes.我们亲眼看到这座城市在一步步地发展。2. improving or changing according to new ideas 进步的；先进的This is a progressive firm that uses the most modern methods of operation in its business. 这家公司很先进，采用了最为现代的经营方法。 progressively ad. in a way of going from one to the next; step by step in sequence; bit by bit 逐步；逐渐Her homework became progressively worse. 她的家庭作业一次比一次差。The amount of the loan from the bank was progressively reduced. 银行的贷款一次比一次少。

dwarf n. a person of much less than usual size 侏儒

Their second son is a dwarf. 他们的第二个儿子是个侏儒。

vt. cause to appear small when compared (由于对比 )使显得矮小，使相形见绌

The new tall building dwarfs all the little shops. 这高大的新建筑使所有的小商店相形见绌。

giant

n. 1. a person who is much bigger than is usual 巨人

He is one of the giants in the field of science. 他是科学界的一位巨匠。

2. a person of great ability 伟人

Shakespeare is a giant among writers. 莎士比亚是一位写作大师。

a. unusually large or important 巨大的；重要的

It is a giant step towards success. 这是迈向成功的一大步。

genuine a. real; true 真实的

They're convinced that the picture is genuine. 他们相信这幅画是真品。

If the offer is genuine I will gladly accept it. 如果是真心帮忙，我将乐于接受。

core n. 1. (figurative) the central or most important part 中心或重要部分

This is the core of the discussion. 这是讨论的核心内容。

The core subjects are English, mathematics and Chinese. 重点课程是英语、数学和汉语。

2. the hard, central part, containing the seeds, of fruits like apples and pears 核

Someone threw an apple core. 有人扔了颗苹果核。

rely vi. (on) trust; have confidence in依靠，依赖 ; 信赖

You can't rely on the weather.这天气是靠不住的。

external

a. 1. (figurative) easily seen but not essential; on the surface 外在的；表面的

Judged by his external appearances he was a quiet man, but he had a violent temper. 从外表看，他是个文静的人，但实际上他脾气很暴躁。

2. outside 外部的；外面的

an external wound 外伤

The medicine is for external use, not to drink. 这药是外用的，不可内服。

inevitable a. which cannot be prevented from happening 不可避免的

An angry exchange was inevitable because they hated each other so much. 他们很不喜欢对方，因此争吵不可避免。

inevitably ad. unavoidably; certainly 不可避免地

Inevitably, the project is running into difficulties. 这个项目不可避免地遇上了困难。

preserve

vt. 1. keep; protect 保存；保护We need to preserve the forest. 我们需要保护这片森林。

I hope that fate may preserve you from all harm. 我祈祷命运保佑你平安。

2. store 储存

preserved eggs 皮蛋

preserved fruit 果脯

mask n. a covering for the face, to hide or protect it 面具；面罩

Each motorcycle driver has to wear a mask. 每个摩托车驾驶员都得戴面罩。

vt. 1. put a mask over 戴面具

The bank robbers masked their faces. 银行抢劫犯戴了面具。

2. hide 掩盖

She tried to mask her feelings. 她试图掩盖自己的感情。

A thick cloud masked the sun. 厚厚的云层遮住了太阳。

tough

a. 1. hard; difficult 很难的

These days are very tough. 这些日子很苦。

The tough problem is how to raise the money needed. 难题是如何筹集所需要的钱款。

2. strong 结实的；有力的

He is very tough and can carry this huge rock easily.他力气很大，能轻易地抓起这块大石头。

conscience n. the sense of right and wrong 良心；良知

His conscience would not let him lie. 良心不让他撒谎。

component n. a necessary or essential part 成分；部件

The management plan has four main components. 管理计划有 4 个组成部分。

basis n. (pl.: bases)

1. foundation 基础

We judge a worker on the basis of his performance. 我们判断工人的基础是看他的表现。

2. the main part; base 主体；基地

The money he got from his father was the basis for a new business. 从他父亲那里得到的钱是他做新买卖的本金。

enrich

vt. 1. improve 改善；改进

It is important to enrich the soil before planting. 种植前先改良土壤是很重要的。

2. make rich or richer 丰富

An education enriches your mind. 教育可以丰富你的思想。

TV enriches life in some ways. 电视在某些方面丰富了生活。

ⅡLanguage Points

Language Point 1

There was no middle point. (Para. 1)

Meaning: You couldn't sit on the fence or in the middle-of-the-road: You were either honest or dishonest.

middle point: (figuratively) a position which is between two very different ones

You have to decide either to stay at home or to go out with me. There is no middle point. 你要么待在家里，要么跟我走，没有折中的办法。

Language Point 2

They had a simple saying hanging on their living-room wall: (Para. 1)

hang on: hold something or someone tightly

Don't hang the picture on that wall as it is facing the sun all day. 别把照片挂在那墙上，因为那墙整天晒着太阳。

Hang on tight; it's going to be a rough ride. 抓紧；汽车要颠簸了。

Language Point 3

"Life is like a field of newly fallen snow. Where I choose to walk every step will show." (Para. 1)

Meaning: Life is like a field that is covered with fresh snow. When I walk on it, the snow shows every step of mine.

Please notice that "where" here is a conjunction, meaning

1. at, to the place (at) which; 在任何地方

Where I live there are plenty of sheep. 在我住的地方有很多羊。

2. or/to any place at all that；去任何地方

Go where you like. 去你喜欢的地方吧。

3. while or whereas; but (=whereas) 而，但是

They want a house, where we would rather live in a flat. 他们想要栋房子，而我们却宁可住公寓。

Language Point 4

They didn't have to talk about it — they demonstrated this truth by their life style. (Para. 1)

Meaning: My grandparents didn't have to explain the saying; their life style just proved how true the saying is.

demonstrate: vt. 1. show clearly

The teacher demonstrated how to make the experiment. 老师演示了如何做这个实验。

The company demonstrated its new solar power system before a large audience. 公司在一大群观众面前演示了新的太阳能系统。

The amount of sickness in this district demonstrates that the water pollution levels are too high. 这地区疾病之多说明这里水污染太严重了。

When "demonstrate" is used in the sense of taking part in a march, it is an intransitive verb.

vi. 2. take part in a march or meeting to protest or to make demands

An angry crowd demonstrated in front of the mayor's office for more protection of the environment. 一群愤怒的人群在市长办公室前示威，要求加大环境保护的力度。

A large group of people were demonstrating in front of the factory, which had polluted the river. 一大群人在工厂门口抗议该厂污染了河流。

Language Point 5

They understood instinctively that integrity involves having a personal standard of morality and boundaries that do not sell out to convenience and that is not relative to the situation at hand. (Para. 2)

Meaning: They knew by instinct that being honest means that one should have his own personal standard of right or wrong and know his limits, and that the personal standard should not be let down for ease or comfort, or altered by the present situation.

Please notice that both the second and third that-clause, that is, "that does not ..." and "that is not ..." modify the word "standard".

Language Point 6

They understood instinctively that integrity ...(Para. 2)

integrity: n. honesty

People who lie, cheat, and steal have little integrity. 说谎、欺骗和偷窃的人都不是诚实的人。

A good judge must act with integrity at all times. 一个好法官在任何时候都必须以诚信办事做人。

Language Point 7: ...involves having a personal standard of morality and boundaries...(Para. 2)

morality: n. 1. moral values, right or wrong

I'm not concerned with the morality of the question. 我不关心这个问题的是非道德。

We do not often consider the morality of our daily actions, though that should occupy a high position in our thinking. 虽然道德应在我们心目中占重要位置，可我们很少关心日常行为的道德问题。

2. quality, goodness

It's obvious from his cruel behavior that he has no morality. 从他残忍的行为看，他无德行可言。

boundary: n. 1. (figuratively) limit : the boundaries of human thought 人类思想的限度 the boundaries of one's knowledge 一个人的知识的限度

2. dividing line

The lake forms part of the boundary between the two countries. 这湖成了两国的部分边界。

A fence forms the boundary between my garden and my neighbour's. 一道篱笆把我的花园与邻居的花园分隔了开来。

Language Point 8

...that does not sell out to convenience and that is not relative to the situation at hand. (Para. 2)

sell out (to): let down one's cause, one's side (to someone) 背叛事业或立场

They spoke of people who had sold out to the enemy. 他们提到了那些背叛投敌的人。

The leaders of the trade union were charged with selling out to the mangers. 工会领导被指责背叛了自己的立场，倒向了雇主。

convenience: n. 1. comfort

Many towns have camping places for the convenience of tourists. 很多城镇为方便游客而设立了野营场所。

The great convenience of your house is its position. 你的房子最大的便利在于其所处的位置。

2. usefulness

The convenience of buying meat already wrapped in packets increases its sale. 购买已经包好的肉所提供的便利增加了肉的销售量。

When I put these things here I was thinking only of your convenience. 我把这些东西放在这里时，只是考虑了对你方便。

at hand: 1. near in time or place 即将到来；近在手边

The great day is at hand. 伟大的日子即将到来。

2. being considered 在考虑之中

His question was not related to the question at hand. 他的问题与眼下的问题无关。

Language Point 9 : Integrity is an inner compass for judging your behavior. (Para. 2)

Meaning: Honesty is a compass in your heart that judges your behavior.

inner: 1. more confidential; more secret

She keeps her inner thought to herself. 她不向别人透露她的内心思想。

2. inside : A closet is usually an inner room. 壁橱通常是墙内的一个地方。

The poem with an inner meaning is hard to understand. 这首具有内涵意义的诗很难懂。

The London railway that is under the ground has an inner circle and an outside circle. 伦敦地铁有内环线和外环线。

Language Point 10 :

Unfortunately, integrity is in short supply today — and getting scarcer. (Para. 3)

Meaning: Unfortunately, integrity is in bad need now, and fewer people are honest.

in short supply: lacking; not quite available

These goods are in short supply; therefore, the price will be high. 这些货正短缺，价格会上涨。

scarce: not much or many compared with what is wanted; hard to find

Good fruit is scarce now and costs a lot. 好水果现在不多，所以价格贵。

Chairs that are older than one hundred years are scarce. 百年以上的旧椅子不多了。

Because there is little water in the desert, trees are scarce.由于沙漠中缺水，所以树很少见。

Language Point 11

But it is the real bottom line in every area of society and a discipline we must demand of ourselves. (Para. 3)

Meaning: But integrity is very important in every area of society, and it is education that is necessary to us.

the bottom line: the most important factor; the main or essential point 重要因素；关键的东西

The bottom line is that it's not making any money. 关键是这不赚钱。

The bottom line is that it did not get the best out of everybody. 关键是这不能使每人都尽力。

Forget the detail and give me the bottom line. 细节就不要说了，说说关键的吧。

demand of: expect (something) from (someone or something) 期待；要求

Hard work will be demanded of students in this course. 这门课程要求学生用功去学。

The increased population is demanding too much of the electricity supply. 人口的增长对电力供应的需求太高了。

Post-reading Activity

ⅠExercise: (pp.230-235)

Answer the following questions: 1. Why did my grandparents believe that “you were either honest or you were not”? Because, as the saying implies, one’s actions demonstrate whether he is honest or dishonest.

2. According to the grandparents, what does integrity involve?Integrity involves having a personal standard of morality and boundaries that does not sell out toconvenience and that is not relative to the situation at hand.

3. What’s wrong with integrity today?It is in short supply.

4. According to the author what are the three principles that constitute the Integrity Triangle?They are: 1) Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure;2) Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs;3) Be honest and open about who you really are.

5. What does the story about the nurse and the surgeon tell us?It tells us that when you know you are right, don’t give up.

6. What does the second principle mean? It means that always give other people the praise that they merit.

7. Why do some people rely on external factors in order to feel good about themselves?Because they lack genuine core values.

8. What are the powerful components of integrity and the basis for enriching your relationships with others?

They are self-respect and a clear conscience.

Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. Notice that there are more words than needed.

1. He wrote a letter to the company, asking them to send the goods at their earliest convenience.2. Feeling that the direction for the exercise was difficult to understand, the students asked the teacher to clarify it.3. After demonstrating how to do it, the chemical experts told the graduates to begin the experiment.4. I thought the painting was genuine but it was a fake.5. The man, who had been assured that the plane would be on time, sighed with relief.6. The general manager’s letter, which gave him credit, ensured his promotion.7. If he had had any conscience, he would not have lied.8. The pills that the doctor prescribed him had no effect; instead he got progressively worse.

Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a proper preposition or adverb.1. The country has sold out its principles in yielding to the demands of a small but powerful group.2. I soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by someone else. In other words, I was wasting my time.3. The university consists of 16 schools with a total number of over 25,000 students.4. One thing that she can’t stand for is that they have treated her as an irresponsible teacher.

5. He came to realize that he had nobody to rely on/upon but himself.6. As director of the president’s office, a great deal will be demanded of him.7. From the activities they are engaged in , we can see they are not so honest.8. I’m afraid you have to account for your being away from class yesterday.9. He wants to be on the famous football team, but his slowness will not allow him to qualify.

Combine the following sentences by using the word “where”. Model: I choose to walk there. There every step will show.— Where I choose to walk every step will show.1. I live there. There are plenty of sheep there.

Where I live there are plenty of sheep.

2. Your coat is there. You left your coat there.

Your coat is where you left it.

3. You will go there. I will go there too.

I will go where you go.

4. Conscience remains there. Integrity stays there too.

Where conscience remains integrity stays.

5. He appears there. Laughter can be heard there too.

Where he appears laughter can be heard.

Combine the following sentences, using the word “what”.Model: A good test for this value is to apply this. I call this the “Integrity Triangle”. — A good test for this value is to apply what I call the “Integrity Triangle”.1. The article deals with the problem. The author calls this problem the “generation gap”.

The article deals with what the author calls the “generation gap”.

2. He is lost in such a state. I call this state “blind happiness”.

He is lost in what I call “blind happiness”.

3. The children are playing a game. They call it “cat-and-rat”.

The children are playing what they call “cat-and-rat”.

4. She is suffering from a special disease. Experts call the disease “feeling cancer”.

She is suffering from what experts call “feeling cancer”.

5. There is appearing a generation. I call this generation the “sandwich generation’ — people who are struggling to care for both their children and their elders while trying hard to hold their jobs.

6. There is appearing what I call the “sandwich generation” – people who are struggling to care forboth their children and their elders while trying hard to hold their jobs.

Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases in the brackets.1. 你要么跟我们出去，要么待在家里，没有折中办法。 (middle point)

You have to either go out with us or to stay at home. There is no middle point.

2. 老师表扬了那些学习用功、考试考得好的学生。 (give someone credit)

The teacher gave credit to the students who had studied hard and done well in the exam.

3. 我工作的地方有很多计算机。 (where)

Where I work there are plenty of computers.

4. 换言之，要保持自我，面对现实，不可贪财图利。(sell out to)

In other words, be yourself and face reality, but don’t sell out to convenience.

5. 那些缺乏真正内涵的人总是依赖外在因素——如外表或地位，以使自己感觉良好。 (feel good)

6. Those who lack genuine core values always rely on external factors – their looks or status – inorder to feel good about themselves.

Translate the following into Chinese.Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others. Integrity means you do what you do because it’s right and not just fashionable or politically correct. A life of principle, of not yielding to the tempting attractions of an easy morality, will always win the day. It will take you forward into the twenty-first century without having to check your tracks in a rear-view mirror. My grandparents taught me that.自尊和问心无愧是正直的两个重要组成部分，也是加深你与他人关系的基础。为人正直意味着去做你应该做的事，因为那是对的，而不是因为合乎潮流或迎合了政治上的需要。如果能在生活中坚持原则，抵制住放松道德标准的种种诱惑，那你就永远立于不败之地。这样，你在跨入 21世纪的时侯，就用不着去为自己过去的所作所为而抱憾。这就是我祖父祖母教給我的做人道理。

Choose one word from each pair below to complete the meaning in these sentences based on Passage A in this unit.You are either honest or you are not; there is no middle ground. Honesty is an inner moral standard you apply to judge the quality of your behavior. Honesty involves developing an appropriate morality compass with boundaries. This means you are consistent and do not progressively change your principles when it is a convenience or relative to a fashionable attraction. Honesty is in scarce supply. You must demand this discipline of yourself. According to the writer, you can test your integrity by checking three key principles: one, do you stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with pressure from your friends? When you know you are right, you cannot concede if you have integrity. Two, do you always give other people the credit due to them? Three, are you honest and open without being false about who you are? Some people inevitably rely on external factors in order to feel good about themselves because they lack genuine core values. The powerful components of integrity — self-respect and a clear conscience — are the basis for enriching your relationships with others.

Now have a look at the following and fill out the chart below to see how the segment is organized.Principle:Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure.

An example to support the principle:

There’s a story told about a surgical nurse’s assistance during her first day on the medical team at a well-known hospital. She was responsible for ensuring that all surgical instruments and materials were accounted for during an operation. The nurse said to the surgeon, “You’ve only removed 11 sponges, and we used 12. We need to find the last one.”“I removed them all,” the surgeon assured her. “We’ll close now.”“You can’t do that, sir,” protested the nurse. “Think of the patient.”Smiling, the surgeon lifted his foot and showed the nurse the twelfth sponge. “You’ll do just fine in this or any other hospital,” he assured her.When you know you’re right, you can’t concede.

Now try to write your own paragraph, which starts with a principle that is supported by an example. Here are some topics for you to choose from. One of the topics has a detailed outline that you can follow if you want to.

Hard work is the key to learning a foreign language. I started to learn English online at the beginning of this term. I practiced all the time. I carried a little dictionary with me everywhere I went, as well as a notebook in which I listed any new words I heard. I sat at computers for hours at a time during evenings and on weekends in order to complete my assignments. The time when other people were having fun was usually the time when I did my course work. I committed 4 to 15 hours a week to the English course.