New Hope for Hurt Neurons Is there recovery after damage to the spinal cord or brain? Can stem cells...
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Transcript of New Hope for Hurt Neurons Is there recovery after damage to the spinal cord or brain? Can stem cells...
![Page 1: New Hope for Hurt Neurons Is there recovery after damage to the spinal cord or brain? Can stem cells be used to reconstruct broken pathways? A few years.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e615503460f94b5cfba/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
New Hope for Hurt Neurons
• Is there recovery after damage to the spinal cord or brain?
• Can stem cells be used to reconstruct broken pathways?
• A few years ago, the stuff of myths.
• Perhaps a reality
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Christopher Reeve as Superman
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Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation
www.paralysis.org
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Reeve’s Goal
To Stand and Raise a Glass on 50th Birthday.
9/25/2002
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Traditional Divisions
KW 2-13
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Functional Divisions
KW 2-13
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CNS and PNS
KW 1-2
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Brain in Skull
KW 2-1
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CNS and PNS (sketch)
SkullBrain
Spinal cord
Nerves (PNS)
Vertebrae
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Neurons and Glial Cells
KW 2-12
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Neuron
KW 3-3
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Types of Neurons
KW 3-7
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Neuron (detail)
KW 3-5
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Neuron (info flow)
KW 3-6
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Types of Glial Cells
KW 3-1
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Glial Cell Functions
• Supportive glial = glue
• Nutrition
• Waste disposal “vacuum cleaners”
• Insulate neurons
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Neurons vs Glial Cells
• Neurons• Transmit message.• Mature cells don’t
replicate.• Dead cells are not
replaced.
• Glial cells• Supportive role.• Mature cells do
replicate.• Dead cells are
replaced.
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CNS and PNS Myelin
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Astrocyte
KW 3-9
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Myelin Wrap
CNS
PNS
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Myelin Sheath in PNS
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Schwann Cells in PNS
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Schwann cell beakdown
KW 3-11
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Schwann Cell Recovery
KW 3-11
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Combo Schwann
KW 3-11
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Can axons regrow in CNS?
• Yes, but their path is blocked by CNS Glial Cells.
• CNS Glial cells (Oligodendrocytes) form scar tissue.
• Pathway is blocked by scar tissue.
scar
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CNS Solutions
• Block scar tissue from forming.
• Schwann cell bridges (Lars Olson).
• Spinal motor pathways cut in rats.
• Loss control of hind limbs.
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Other CNS Solutions
• Nerve growth factors.
• Stem cell implants.
• Quick response to spinal cord injury.
• “Golden Hour” = first hour after injury.
• Prevent further damage.
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Rapid Response to Injury
• Steroids to reduce swelling.
• Provide support.
• Cord usually not severed.
• Relieve pressure.
• Stabilize vertebrae.
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Recovery from injury
• Drugs to help remaining neurons function better.
• Retrain body to use back-up systems.
• Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES): a computer assisted movement system
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Functional Electrical Stimulation
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Hand Grasp in Operation
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Spinal Cord Outcomes
• 12,000 new cases a year
• Most young men.• 90% survive accident.• Lifetime disability• Greater hope for
recovery.