New geographies of innovation Innovative India on the map · New geographies of innovation...

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New geographies of innovation Innovative India on the map R A Mashelkar, India

Transcript of New geographies of innovation Innovative India on the map · New geographies of innovation...

Page 1: New geographies of innovation Innovative India on the map · New geographies of innovation Innovative India on the map R A Mashelkar, India. Thaparlecture booklet. ... 4 China 724

New geographies of innovation

Innovative India on the map

R A Mashelkar, India

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Thapar lecture booklet

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Page 4: New geographies of innovation Innovative India on the map · New geographies of innovation Innovative India on the map R A Mashelkar, India. Thaparlecture booklet. ... 4 China 724
Page 5: New geographies of innovation Innovative India on the map · New geographies of innovation Innovative India on the map R A Mashelkar, India. Thaparlecture booklet. ... 4 China 724
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Material Science

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R&D in Global Context

R&D Expenditure as % of GDP

Researchers in R&D per million

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India is a developing country but it is

a developed country as far as its

intellectual infrastructure is

concerned. We get the highest

intellectual capital per dollar here.

John Welch

CEO, GE

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Intellectual Capital per Dollar

• SCI publications per dollar ?

• Citations per dollar ?

• Patents per dollar ?

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CountryUS

Patents

GDP per

capita

US patents per GDP per capita

1United States

50000 (est.)

36,006 1.389

2 Japan 36889 31,407 1.175

3 India 444 487 0.913

4 China 724 989 0.732

5 Germany 12960 24,051 0.539

6Korea, Rep.

4246 10,006 0.424

7 France 4906 24,061 0.204

8 Canada 4368 22,777 0.192

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272

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Indian IQ Creating IP for Foreign Firms

16.2991683Lucknow

51.91819487Pune

68.526718384Mumbai

29.91344094Hyderabad

56.5329186143Delhi

91.847443539Bangalore

%IP Created

For foreign firms

Total PatentsUS Patents granted to

foreign firms with Indian inventors

US Patents granted for Indian firms

City

Shifting Geography of Innovation

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Emerging TrendsEmerging Trends

•• Approx 30,000 R&D Approx 30,000 R&D professionals returned to professionals returned to India in the last 3 yearsIndia in the last 3 years

•• IIT graduates migrating IIT graduates migrating abroadabroad–– ~70% (ten years ago)~70% (ten years ago)

–– ~30% (today)~30% (today)

NASSCOM Study (2005)

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Flight of Human Capital

• Brain drain ?

• Brain bank ?

• Brain Circulation ?

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A Flight to a land of opportunity

• “ A scientist is like a painter. Michael

Angelo became a great artist because he had

been give a wall to paint. My wall was

given to me by the United States”

• Riardo Giacconi, Nobel Laureate(Physic)

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• IT specialists are coming to India

because frontline development work is

being done here.

• Executives, managers and supervisors

are coming in at all levels because

India is no longer hardship country

• Even interns coming to companies like

Infosys, Biocon, and Mahyco to learn

first hand about a real happening place

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New Role for In-house R&D :

Managing Innovation Networks

• Monitoring external developments and capabilities

• Managing access to external technology

• Shifting focus from creation to access

• Assembling and managing R&D networks

• Dependence of external sourcing has increased from 5% to 15-20%, anticipated to grow to 40-50%

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Demographic Challenge(US)

• 85% working doctorates in Sc & Engg. > 55

yrs

• 76% working doctorates in Sc. & Engg. >

60 yrs

NSF Data (2003)

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Strategy

• Supply side

– Massive expansion of high quality education & research system

• Demand side

– Bold policy to enhance competition & hunger for R&D coupled with judicious government support for R&D

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Expenditure on R&D (in billion US $ PPP)

As % of GDP

2.962.60Korea

1.090.60China

1.050.77Brazil

0.780.55India

20011996Country

Source : UNESCO Institute of Statistics (1996-2002)

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Govt.’s commitment to R&D spend

“We are committed to

increasing the annual

expenditure on science

and technology from less

than 1% of our GDP to

2% of our GDP in the

next 5 years”

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh,

94th Indian Science Congress-2007

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Some recent initiatives

• TRIPS compliant IP laws

• 3 new institute of science

• Autonomous National Science & Engineering Foundation

• Scheme to attract back migrated talent

• New progressive

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Growth of Corporate R&D

Europe (+2.3%)

USA (+5.2%)

Chindia (+17%)

Booz Allen Hamilton-2006

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Reverse Engineering to Forward

Engineering

• Drugs & pharmaceutical

industry

– Copying molecules to

creating molecules

• Auto industry

– New indigenously designed

models launched globally

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(Pre 1991)

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Wheels Turns the Full Circle

• 1950

• British Morris Oxford ---- Indian

Ambassador

• 50 years later

• Indian Indica – British Morris Rover

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