New Frontiers for the Nongmingong : China’s Landscape of Intra-Provincial Labor Migration
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Transcript of New Frontiers for the Nongmingong : China’s Landscape of Intra-Provincial Labor Migration
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New Frontiers for the Nongmingong: China’s Landscape of Intra-Provincial Labor
Migration
Doug ShultzGeography and EconomicsAdvisors: Professors Anne Knowles and Will Pyle
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The storyMigrant conditions
– Unofficial residence status– Denied access to many social
services, resources– Discrimination – Rural to urban capital flows
Urbanization in China– Cultural Revolution
• Hukou System established
– Open Up and Reform policies• Development of the nongmingong
– Western Development• Emergence of intra-provincial
migration model
– 2008 Global Economic Crisis• Westward movement of industry
and labor• Strengthening intra-provincial
migration
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The questionsWe know intra-provincial migration is increasing, so:
– Who?– Where?– WHY?– How can this knowledge inform migration reform?
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How can we understand it?• Data
– Chinese Household Income Project Survey (CHIPS), 2002
• Geographic Analysis– Distance– Regionalization– Spatial relationships– Visualization
• Econometric Analysis– Intra- and inter-provincial migration models– Compensation models– Attitude models
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Study area
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Intra-provincial migration rates
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Income levels
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Provision of pension fund
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Provision of medical insurance
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Provision of unemployment insurance
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Provision of housing
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Average family size
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Average age of migrant
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Conclusions• Pull factors
– NOT pension, medical insurance, unemployment insurance– Housing
• Push factors– Family size tends to be lower– Migrants tend to be younger
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Now what?• Further research and analysis
– Additional controls• Average provincial economic conditions• Legacy controls• Macro flows from the Chinese Census
– More robust geographic analysis• Network analysis• Distance measurements
• Toward the real world…
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Why is this important?• Chinese migration policy• China’s sustainability
– Environmental– Economic
• Global economy• Socialism vs. Capitalism