New Dictionary of Scientific Biography

New Dictionary of Scientific Biography

VOLUME 8

INDEX

Noretta KoertgeEDITOR IN CHIEF

CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS

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List of Scientists by Field

Abel, Niels Henrik

Adams, John Frank

Agnesi, Maria Gaetana

Ahlfors, Lars

Albert of Saxony

Apollonius of Perga

Archimedes

Arf, Cahit

Argyrus, Isaac

Babbage, Charles

Bacon, Roger

Baldi, Bernardino

Bernoulli, Jakob (Jacob, Jacques,

James) 1

Bers, Lipmann

Birkhoff, Garrett

Bogolubov, Nikolai Nikolaevich'

Borel, Armand

Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso

Bourbaki, Nicolas

Bradwardine, Thomas

Calderon, Alberto Pedro .

Cantor, Georg Ferdinand Ludwig

Cardano, Girolamo

Cauchy, Augustin-Louis

Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan

Chern, Shiing-Shen

Chevalley, Claude

Clavius, Christoph

Coignet, Michiel

MATHEMATICS

d'Alembert (Dalembert, D'Alembert),Jean Le Rond

de Finetti, BrunoDe Giorgi, EnnioDescartes, Rene Du PerronDidymusDieudonne, JeanDijkstra, Wybe EdsgerDodgson, Charles LutwidgeEhrenfest-Afanas'eva, Tatiana A.Eilenberg, SamuelErdos, PaulEuclid

Euler, LeonhardFarey, JohnFeit, WalterFisher, Ronald AylmerForsythe, George ElmerFrege, Friedrich Ludwig GottlobGodel, Kurt FriedrichGorenstein, DanielGrossmann, MarcelHall, Philip

Hamilton, William RowanHarish-ChandraHarriot (or Hariot), ThomasHartree, Douglas RaynerHausdorff, FelixHero of AlexandriaHilbert, DavidHipparchus

Hirst, Thomas ArcherHondius, JodocusHypatiaIbn al-Haytham, Abu 'Ali al-hasan

Ibn al-hasanIbrahim Ibn Sinan Ibn Thabit Ibn

QurraInglada, VicenteJeffreys, HaroldJungius, JoachimKeldysh, Mstislav VsevolodovichKepler, JohannesKing, Ada Augusta, the Countess of

Lovelace

Kodaira, KunihikoKolmogorov, Andrei NikolaevichKovalevskaya, Sofya Vasilyevna

(Sonya)Ladyzhenskaya, Olga AlexandrovnaLanz, Jose Maria deLeibniz, Gottfried WilhelmLeray, JeanLichnerowicz, AndreLie, SophusLions, Jacques-LouisMac Lane, SaundersMauchly, John William,Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau deMcCrea, William HunterMcVittie, George CunliffeMilankovic, Milutin

XXXIX


Monte, Guidobaldo, Marchese delMonteiro, Antonio A.Morse, MarstonMoschopoulos, ManuelMoser, Jiirgen K.Nash, John Forbes, Jr.Newell, Homer Edward, Jr.Newton, IsaacOleinik, Olga ArsenievnaOresme, NicolePachymeres, GeorgesPearson, KarlPiero della FrancescaPoincare, Jules HenriPontryagin, Lev SemionovichPrachaticz, Cristannus de

Ptolemais of CyrenePtolemyQiihl (or al-Kuhl), Abu Sahl Wayjan

Ibn Rustam al-Ramsey, Frank PlumptonRamus, Peter, also known as Pierre de

la RameeRegiomontanus, JohannesRichardson, Lewis FryRobinson, Julia BowmanRota, Gian-CarloSavage, Leonard JamesSchwartz, LaurentSeaborg, Glenn TheodoreStephanus of AlexandriaSylvester, James Joseph

Tarski, AlfredTucker, Albert WilliamTuring, Alan MathisonTusi, Sharaf al-Dln al-Muzaffar Ibn

Muhammad Ibn al-Muzaffar al-Tutte, William (Bill) ThomasTversky, AmosValens, VettiusVinogradov, I. M.Walker, Gilbert Thomas .Weil, Andre

Weyl, Hermann Claus HugoWhitney, HasslerWigner, EugeneWilkinson, James HardyZygmund, Antoni

Bayes, ThomasBernoulli, JakobBroadbent, Donald EricBuffon, George-Louis Le Clerc,

Comte deCarnap, Paul Rudolfde Finetti, BrunoDodgson, Charles LutwidgeFisher, Ronald AylmerGodel, Kurt FriedrichGoodman, Nelson HenryHarsanyi, John Charles

PROBABILITY/DECISION AND GAME THEORY

Jeffrey, Richard CarlJeffreys, HaroldKeynes, John MaynardKolmogorov, Andrei NikolaevichKuhn, Thomas SamuelLewis, DavidMill, John StuartMorgenstern, OskarNash, John Forbes, Jr.Nozick, RobertOlson, Mancur, Jr.Pareto, Vilfredo

Pearson, Karl

Popper, Karl Raimund

Ramsey, Frank Plumpton

Riker, William Harrison

Savage, Leonard James

Schwartz, Laurent

Simon, Herbert Alexander

Tarski, Alfred

Tucker, Albert William

Tversky, Amos

Vickrey, William Spencer

Albert of SaxonyBuridan, John (Jean)Burley, WalterCarnap, Paul RudolfChrysippiusDijkstra, Wybe EdsgerDodgson, Charles LutwidgeFrege, Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob

LOGIC

GalenGodel, Kurt FriedrichGoodman, Nelson HenryJungius, JoachimLewis, DavidOckham, William ofPopper, Karl RaimundRamsey, Frank Plumpton

Ramus, Peter, also known as Pierre dela Ramee

RazI, Abu Bakr Muhammad IbnZakariyya', Al-

Robinson, Julia BowmanTarski, AlfredTuring, Alan MathisonZuse, Konrad

Babbage, CharlesDijkstra, Wybe EdsgerEckert, J. (John Adam) Presper, Jr.Forsythe, George ElmerHopper, Grace

COMPUTER SCIENCE

King, Ada Augusta, the Countess ofLovelace

Licklider, Joseph Carl RobnettNewell, Allen •Mauchly, John William

Shannon, ClaudeStrachey, ChristopherTuring, Alan MathisonWilkinson, James HardyZuse, Konrad

XL NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY


Adelard of BathAlbertus Magnus, SaintAli al-Qushji, Abu al-Qasim Ala' al-

Dln All ibn Muhammad QushjT-zade

Bacon, FrancisBacon, RogerBasson (Basso), Sebastien (Sebastian,

Sebastiano)Blasius of ParmaBorro, GirolamoBoyle, RobertBradwardine, ThomasBruno, GiordanoBuffon, George-Louis Le Clerc,

Comte deBuonamici, FrancescoBurgersdijk, Frank Pieterszoon

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

Buridan, John (Jean)Burley, WalterCabeo, NiccoloCampanella, TommasoCavendish, Margaret, Duchess of

NewcastleConway, AnneDescartes, Rene Du PerronDumbleton, JohnEmpedocles of AcragasEriugena, Johannes ScottusGassendi, PierreGorlaeus (van Goorle, van Gooirle),

DavidHelmont, Johannes (Joan) Baptista

VanJohn PhiloponusJungius, Joachim

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm

Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de

Newton, Isaac

Nifo, Agostino

Olympiodorus of Alexandria

Oresme, Nicole

Paracelsus

Plato

Rufus, Richard of Cornwall

Stephanus of Alexandria

Strato of Lampsacus.

Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio

Anastasio

Winthrop, John, Jr.

Xenarchus

Zabarella, Jacopo (Giacomo)

Alfven, Hannes Olof GostaAristotleBacon, FrancisBondi, HermannBrahe, TychoBruno, GiordanoChrysippusClavius, ChristophCopernicus, NicholasDicke, Robert Henry

COSMOLOGY

Eddington, Arthur StanleyGold, ThomasHeckmann, Otto Hermann LeopoldHerschel, WilliamHoyle, FredJordan, Ernst PascualKuiper, Gerard PeterMcCrea, William HunterMcVittie, George CunliffeMorrison, Philip

Newton, Isaac

Ptolemy

Ryle, Martin

Sakharov, Andrei Dmitriyevich

Sciama, Dennis William

Sitter, Willem de

Tinsley, Beatrice

Wilkinson, David Todd

Zeldovich, Yakov Borisovich

Airy, George BiddellAli al-QushjI, Abu al-Qasim Ala' al-

Dln All ibn Muhammad QushjI-

zadeAmbartsumian Amazaspovich, ViktorApolliniariusArgyrus, IsaacBabcock, Horace WelcomeBacon, RogerBahcall, John NorrisBanneker, BenjaminBernoulli, Jakob (Jacob, Jacques,

James) IBiermann, Ludwig Franz BenediktBok, Bartholomeus (Bart) JanBolton, John Gatenby

ASTRONOMY

Borelli, Giovanni AlfonsoBrahe, TychoChandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan

Chioniades, George (or Gregory)Clavius, Christoph

Copernicus, Nicholas

d'Alembert (Dalembert, D'Alembert),Jean Le Rond

Diodorus of AlexandriaEddington, Arthur StanleyEdlen, BengtEuler, LeonhardGalilei, GalileoGassendi, PierreGold, ThomasGreaves, John

Greenstein, Jesse LeonardHarriot (or Hariot), ThomasHeckmann, Otto Hermann Leopold

Herschel, Caroline LucretiaHerschel, JohnHerschel, William

HipparchusHoyle, FredIbn al-Haytham, Abu 'Ali al-hasan

Ibn al-hasanIbrahim Ibn Sinan Ibn Thabit Ibn

QurraJaghminl, Sharaf al-Dln Mahmud ibn

Muhammad ibn 'Umar al-Kuiper, GerardLep tines

NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY XLI


Liais, Emmanuel-Bernardin

McCrea, William Hunter

McVittie, George Cunliffe

Meliteniotes, Theodore

Menzel, Donald Howard

Monte, Guidobaldo, Marchese del

Newton, Isaac

Oort, Jan Hendrik

Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia Helena

Prachaticz, Cristannus de

Ptolemy

Purcell, Edward Mills

Runcorn, Stanley Keith

QuhT (or al-Kuhl), Abu Sahl Wayjan

Ibn Rustam al-

Qufb al-Dln Mahmud ibn Mas'ud

ibn al-Muslih al-ShTrazT

Ramus, Peter

Regiomontanus, Johannes

Ryle, Martin

Sagan, Carl

Schwarzschild, Martin

Shklovskii, Iosif Samuilovich

Sitter, Willem de

Spitzer, Lyman


Strorngren, Bengt Georg Daniel

Timocharis

Tinsley, Beatrice

TusI, Sharaf al-Din al-Muzaffar Ibn

Muhammad Ibn al-Muzaffar al-

Unsold, Albrecht Otto Johannes

Valens, Vettius

Van de Hulst, Hendrik Christoffel

Westphal, James A.

Whewell, William

Whipple, Fred Lawrence

Winkelmann, Maria Margaretha

Xenarchus

Ambartsumian, Viktor AmazaspovichBabcock, Horace WelcomeBahcall, John NorrisBiermann, LudwigBok, Bartholomeus (Bart) JanBolton, JohnBondi, HermannChandrasekhar, SubrahmanyanEddington, Arthur StanleyEdlen, BengtFowler, William A.Friedman, HerbertGold, ThomasGreenstein, Jesse Leonard

ASTROPHYSICS

Heckmann, Otto Hermann LeopoldHerzberg, GerhardHoyle, FredJeffreys, HaroldKuiper, Gerard PeterLauritsen, Charles ChristianMcCrea, William HunterMenzel, Donald HowardMorrison, PhilipNewell, Homer Edward, Jr.Oort, Jan HendrikPayne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia HelenaPurcell, Edward MillsRyle, Martin

Sagan, Carl

Schwarzschild, Martin



Spitzer, Lyman, Jr.

Stromgren, Bengt Georg Daniel

Tinsley, Beatrice

Unsold, Albrecht Otto Johannes

Van de Hulst, Hendrik Christoffel

Westphal, James

Whipple, Fred

Wilkinson, David Todd


Bahcall, John NorrisFriedman, HerbertGoldberg, LeoHorowitz, Norman HaroldKeldysh, Mstislav VsevolodovichKlein, Harold P.Kuiper, Gerard Peter

SPACE SCIENCE

Miller, Stanley LloydNewell, Homer Edward, Jr.Pickering, William HaywardRossi, Bruno BenedettoSagan, Carl EdwardShoemaker, Eugene MerleSoffen, Gerald Alan

Spitzer, Lyman, Jr.

Tousey, Richard

Van Allen, James A.

von Braun, Wernher

Westphal, James A.

Whipple, Fred Lawrence

CLASSICAL PHYSICS

ArchimedesBaldi, BernardinoBassi Verati (Veratti), Laura Maria

CaterinaBernoulli, Jakob (Jacob, Jacques,

James) IBlair, Robert

Borelli, Giovanni AlfonsoCabeo, NiccoloCauchy, Augustin-LouisCrosse, Andrewd'Alembert (Dalembert, D'Alembert),

Jean Le RondDamianus of Larissa

Descartes, Rend Du PerronDuhem, Pierre-Maurice-MarieEuler, LeonhardFaraday, MichaelFoster, George CareyGalilei, GalileoGarzoni, Leonardo S. J.

XLII NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY


Gassendi, PierreHamilton, William RowanHero of AlexandriaHertz, Heinrich RudolfIbn al-Haytham, Abu 'Ali al-hasan

Ibn al-hasanKeldysh, Mstislav Vsevolodovich

Kepler, JohannesLeibniz, Gottfried WilhelmMairan, Jean-Jacques Dortous deMaupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau deMilankovic, MilutinMonte, Guidobaldo, Marchese delMoser, Jurgen K.

Newton, IsaacPoincare, Jules HenriRamus, PeterVoigt, WoldemarVolta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio

AnastasioWollaston, William Hyde

Boltzmann, Ludwig EduardEhrenfest-Afanas'eva, Tatiana A.Flory, Paul JohnKorzhinskii, Dimitri Sergeyevich

THERMODYNAMICS/STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Odum, Howard Thomas Touschek, Bruno

Prigogine, Ilya Uhlenbeck, George

Schottky, Walter Hans Voigt, Woldemar

Bell, John StewartBethe, Hans AlbrechtBloch, FelixBogolubov, Nikolai NikolaevichBohm, David JosephBoltzmann, Ludwig EduardBondi, HermannBroglie, Louis (Victor Pierre

Raymond)Casimir, Hendrik Brugt GerhardCondon, Edward UhlerDicke, Robert HenryEddington, Arthur StanleyEinstein, AlbertFeynman, Richard PhillipsGodel, Kurt FriedrichGursey, Feza

THEORETICAL PHYSICS

Hartree, Douglas RaynerHtickel, Erich Armand ArthurJordan, Ernst PascualLichnerowicz, AndreLorentz, Hendrik AntoonMairan, Jean-Jacques Dortous de-Menzel, Donald HowardMorrison, PhilipOppenheimer, J. RobertPauli, WolfgangPauling, Linus CarlPoincare, Jules HenriPopper, Karl RaimundSakharov, Andrei DmitriyevichSalam, Muhammad Abdus

(Abdussalam)Schwinger, Julian



Sommerfeld, Arnold Johannes

Wilhelm

Spitzer, Lyman, Jr.

Strutt, John William, third Baron

Rayleigh

Teller, Edward

Touschek, Bruno

Uhlenbeck, George

Voigt, Woldemar

Weisskopf, Victor Frederick

Weyl, Hermann Claus Hugo

Wigner, Eugene


Amaldi, EdoardoBacher, RobertBlacken, Patrick Maynard StuartBlau, MariettaBohr, Niels Henrik DavidCherenkov, Pavel AlekseyevichFlerov, Georgii NikolaevichFowler, William A.

NUCLEAR SCIENCE/RADIOACTIVITY

Hahn, OttoLauritsen, Charles ChristianLibby, Willard FrankLivingston, Milton StanleyOppenheimer, J. RobertPerey, Marguerite CatherinePrimakoff, HenryRabi, Isidor Isaac

Segre, Emilio GinoSerber, RobertSzilard, LeoUhlenbeck, GeorgeWeisskopf, Victor FrederickWilkinson, Sir GeoffreyWu Chien-ShiungZhao, Zhongyao

Alfven, Hannes Olof GostaAlvarez, Luis Walter

PARTICLE/HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS

Bell, John StewartBreit, Gregory

Budker, Gersh ItskovichCherenkov, Pavel Alekseyevich

NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY XLIII


Feynman, Richard PhillipsGoldberg, LeoHoyle, FredMigdal, Arkady BenediktovichMorrison, Philip

Occhialini, GiuseppePrimakoff, HenrySalam, Muhammad Abdus

(Abdussalam)Schwinger, Julian

Seaborg, Glenn (Glen) Theodore

Spitzer, Lyman, Jr.

Touschek, Bruno

Wilson, Robert Rathbun

Bardeen, JohnBloch, FelixCollongues, RobertCondon, Edward Uhler

CONDENSED MATTER/SOLID STATE

Friedman, Herbert

Kapitsa (or Kapitza), Petr LeonidovichMigdal, Arkady BenediktovichMott, Nevill Francis

Primakoff, HenrySchottky, Walter HansShockley, William BradfordWilson, Sir Alan Herries

Arconville, Marie Genevieve CharlotteThiroux d'

Arnald of Villanova (Pseudo)Becher, Johann JoachimBodenstein, Adam ofBoyle, RobertHelmont, Johannes (Joan) Baptista

VanHomberg, Wilhelm

ALCHEMY/CHYMISTRY

Jabir ibn Hayyan

Jungius, Joachim

Lull, Ramon

Newton, Isaac

Olympiodorus of Alexandria

Paracelsus, Theophrastus Philippus

Aureolus Bombastus von

Hohenheim

RazI, Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn

Zakariyya.', al-

Stahl, Georg Ernst

Suchten, Alexander von


Winthrop, John, Jr.

Zosimos of Panopolis

Arconville, Marie Genevieve CharlotteThiroux d'

Becher, Johann JoachimBerzelius, Jons JacobCullen, WilliamCrosse, AndrewDavy, HumphreyFoster, George Carey

GENERAL CHEMISTRY

Frankland, EdwardHelmont, Johannes (Joan) Baptista

VanHomberg, WilhelmLavoisier, Antoine-LaurentMitscherlich, EilhardPicardet, ClaudinePaulze-Lavoisier, Marie-Anne-Pierette

Porter, GeorgeSennert, DanielStahl, Georg ErnstSuchten, Alexander vonVolta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio

AnastasioWalker, JohnWinthrop, John, Jr.

Dewar, Michael J. S.Fukui, Ken-ichiHahn, OttoHartree, Douglas RaynerHiickel, Erich Armand ArthurIngold, Chistopher Kelk

THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY

Kekule von Stradonitz (Kekule),(Friedrich) August

Mendeleev, Dmitrii IvanovichMulliken, Robert SandersonPaneth, Friedrich AdolfPauling, Linus Carl

Pople, John Anthony

Prelog, Vladimir

Prigogine, Ilya

Smalley, Richard Errett

Wigner, Eugene

Arrhenius, Svante August

Bartlett, Paul Doughty

Bernstein, Richard Barry

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Bijvoet, Johannes Martin

Boer, Jan Hendrik deBoreskov, Georgil Konstantinovich

Cremer, Erika

Dewar, Michael J. S.

Duhem, Pierre-Maurice-Marie

XLIV NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY


Flory, Paul JohnFranklin, Rosalind ElsieGutowsky, Herbert SanderHammett, Louis PlanckHerzberg, GerhardHiickel, Erich Armand ArthurJergensen, Axel Christian Klixbiill

Mark, Herman F.

Mizushima, San-ichiro

Mulliken, Robert Sanderson

Ostwald, Friedrich Wilhelm

Pauling, Linus Carl

Polanyi, Mihaly (Michael)

Pople, John Anthony

Porter, George

Prigogine, Ilya

Semenov, Nikolai Nikolaevich


Theorell, A. Hugo T.

Bainbridge, Kenneth TompkinsBarton, Derek Harold RichardBeckman, Arnold OrvilleCondon, Edward UhlerCremer, ErikaEdlen, BengtFrankland, Edward

ANALYSIS/SPECTROSCOPY

Franklin, Rosalind Elsie

Gutowsky, Herbert Sander

Harvey, Hildebrand Wolfe

Herzberg, Gerhard

Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot

Imes, Samuel Elmer

Jorgensen, Axel Christian Klixbiill

Lemieux, Raymond Urgel

Liebig, Justus von

Martin, Archer John Porter


Walsh, Alan

Boer, Jan Hendrik deBrown (Brovarnik), Herbert CharlesChatt, JosephEmmett, Paul HughFrankland, Edward

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Haber, FritzJargensen, Axel Christian KlixbiillLibby, Willard FrankNesmejanov, Aleksandr NikolaevichPaneth, Friedrich Adolf

Perey, Marguerite Catherine

Pettersson, Sven Otto

Wilkinson, Sir Geoffrey

Wittig, Georg

Bartlett, Paul DoughtyBarton, Derek Harold RichardBayer, Otto Georg WilhelmBeckman, Arnold OrvilleBergmann, Ernst DavidBrown (Brovarnik), Herbert CharlesBunsen, Robert Wilhelm EberhardButlerov, Aleksandr MikhailovichCarothers, Wallace HumeCrafts, James MasonCram, Donald J.Dewar, Michael J. S.Edman, Pehr VictorEichengriin, ArthurFlory, Paul JohnFolkers, Karl AugustFrankland, EdwardFukui, Ken-ichi

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Gutowsky, Herbert Sander

Haber, Fritz

Hammett, Louis Plack

Holley, Robert William

Houdry, Eugene Jules

Ingold, Chistopher Kelk

Kekule von Stradonitz (Kekule),

(Friedrich) August

Kolbe, Adolf Wilhelm Hermann

Kuhn, Richard

Laurent, Auguste


Liebig, Justus von

Mansfield, Charles Blachford

Mark, Herman F.

Nozoe, Tetsuo

Ovchinnikov, Yuri Anatolyevich

Pasteur, Louis

Prelog, Vladimir

Reichstein, Tadeus

Reppe, Walter Julius

Robinson, Robert

Sah, Peter P.T.

Sakurada, Ichiro


Smith, Michael

Todd, Alexander Robertus (Baron

Todd)

Van Krevelen, Dirk Willem

Venkataraman, Krishnasami

Wittig, Georg

Woodward, Robert Burns

Wurtz, Adolphe

Zelinskii, Nikolay Dmitrievich

Abderhalden, EmilAnfinsen, Christian B.Axelrod, Julius

BIOCHEMISTRY

Bijvoet, Johannes MartinButenandt, Adolf Friedrich JohannCalvin, Melvin

Caspersson, Torbjorn OskarChatt, JosephDelbriick, Max Ludwig Henning

NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY XLV


Edman, Pehr VictorElion, Gertrude BelleHodgkin, AlanHodgkin, Dorothy Mary CrowfootFolkers, Karl AugustGreen, David EzraHolley, Robert WilliamHorowitz, Norman HaroldKalckar, Herman MoritzKlein, Harold P.Kuhn, RichardLederer, EdgarLehninger, Albert LesterLeloir, Luis Federico


Lipmann, Fritz Albert

Martin, Archer John Porter

Miller, Stanley

Mitchell, Peter Dennis

Needham, Dorothy

Neuberg, Carl Alexander

Novikoff, Alex Benjamin

Ochoa, Severo

Ovchinnikov, Yuri Anatolyevich

Pauling, Linus Carl

Racker, Efraim

Reichstein, Tadeus

Sah, Peter T.T.

Schmitt, Francis Otto

Shtern, Lina Solomonovna

Smith, Michael

Soffen, Gerald Alan

Stephenson, Marjory

Szent-Gyorgyi, Albert Imre

Tatum, Edward Lawrie

Theorell, A. Hugo T.

Todd, Alexander Robertus

Wald, George

Wood, Harland Goff

Zelinskii, Nikolay Dmitrievich

Arduino (or Arduini), GiovanniBretz, J HarlanChambers, RobertCrosse, AndrewDarwin, Charles RobertDing Wenjiang (V. K. Ting)Farey, John

GEOLOGY

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang vonHutton, JamesKing, Clarence RiversLavoisier, Antoine-LaurentLeConte, JosephLinnaeus, CarlMenard, Henry William

Mitscherlich, EilhardPowell, John WesleyRichter, RudolfRittmann, Alfred (Alfredo) FerdinandVan Straaten, Lambertus Marius

Joannes UrsinusWalker, John

Aki, KeiitiAlvarez, Luis WalterAmpferer, OttoBenioff, Victor HugoBlackett, Patrick Maynard StuartCarey, Samuel WarrenCox, Allan VerneDay, Arthur LouisDietz, Robert SinclairElsasser, Walter MauriceGold, Thomas

GEOPHYSICS/PLATE TECTONICS

Hospers, JanHuang Jiqing (Te-Kan)Hubbert, Marion KingInglada, VicenteJeffreys, HaroldKrumbein, William ChristianLandsberg, Helmut ErichLehmann, IngeMatuyama MotonoriMilankovic, MilutinRichter, Charles Francis

Ringwood, Alfred EdwardRuncorn, Stanley KeithShatskiy, Nikolay SergeyevichSloss, Laurence LouisStrahler, Arthur NewellVan Allen, James A.Wadati, Kiyoo

Wadia, Darashaw NosherwanWegener, Alfred LotharWestphal, James A.Wilson, John Tuzo

Baerends, Gerard PieterDeacon, George Edward RavenDefant, Albert Joseph MariaDietz, Robert SinclairEdmondson, Wallis ThomasFedorov, Konstantin NikolayevichHarvey, Hildebrand WolfeMargalef, Ramon

OCEANOGRAPHY

Marsili (or Marsigli), Luigi Ferdinando

Mayor (formerly Mayer), Alfred

Goldsborough

Moeller, Sophie C(h)arlotte Juliane

Namias, Jerome

Palmen, Erik Herbert

Pettersson, Sven Otto

Revelle, Roger Randall Dougan

Riley, Gordon Arthur

Schott, Paul Gerhard

Stommel, Henry Melson

Tharp, Marie

Wiist, Georg

XLVI NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY


Aitken, JohnAristotleAssmann, RichardBergeron, Tor Harold PercivalBjerknes, VilhelmByers, Horace RobertCharney, Jule GregoryDefant, Albert Joseph MariaDobson, Gordon Miller BourneExner-Ewarten, Felix Maria vonFujita, Tetsuya TheodoreHaurwitz, BernhardHerschel, John

METEOROLOGY

Horton, Robert Elmer

Howard, Luke

Koppen, Wladimir Peter

Lamb, Hubert Horace


Mauchly, John William

Mendel, Johann Gregor

Namias, Jerome

Palmen, Erik Herbert

Panofsky, Hans Arnold

Petterssen, Sverre

Picardet, Claudine

Reichelderfer, Francis Wilton

Richardson, Lewis Fry

Saltzman, Barry

Saussure, Horace Benedict de

Smagorinsky, Joseph

Suomi, Verner Edward

Sutcliffe, Reginald Cockcroft

Teisserenc de Bort, Leon Philippe

Vines, Benito

Walker, Gilbert Thomas

Wexler, Harry

Zhu Kezhen

Arrhenius, Svante AugustCallendar, Guy StewartKeeling, Charles DavidKoppen, Wladimir Peter

CLIMATOLOGY

Lamb, Hubert HoraceLandsberg, Helmut ErichMilankovic, MilutinNamias, Jerome

Saltzman, Barry

Thornthwaite, Charles Warren

Zhu Kezhen

Bronn, Heinrich GeorgBurmeister, Hermann Karl KonradCuvier, GeorgesDubois, Marie Eugene Francois

ThomasGorjanovic-Kramberger, Dragutin

(Karl)Gould, Stephen JayHill, DorothyHuxley, Thomas HenryJelinek, Jan

PALEONTOLOGY

Koenigswald, Gustav Heinrich Ralph

von

Ladd, Harry Stephen

Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste

Moreno, Francisco Pascasio

Newell, Norman Dennis

Oakley, Kenneth Page

Osborn, Henry Fairfield

Owen, Richard

Patterson, Colin

Pei Wenzhong

Piveteau, Jean

Richter, Rudolf

Schindewolf, Otto Heinrich

Simpson, George Gaylord

Teichert, Curt

Tintant, Henri

Wadia, Darashaw Nosherwan

Yang Zhongjian

Yin Zanxun

PALEOANTHROPOLOGY/PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Bartlett, Frederic CharlesBastian, AdolfCallendar, Guy StewartCampbell, Donald ThomasClark, John DesmondClark, Wilfrid Edward Le GrosCoon, Carleton StevensDart, Raymond ArthurDubois, Marie Eugene Francois

Thomas

Fischer, (Leopold Franz) EugenGarrod, Dorothy Annie ElizabethGorjanovic-Kramberger, Dragutin

(Karl)Jelinek, JanKoenigswald, Gustav Heinrich Ralph

vonLeakey, Mary Douglas NicolLehmann-Nitsche, RobertLibby, Willard Frank

Moreno, Francisco Pascasio

Oakley, Kenneth Page

Pei Wenzhong

Piveteau, Jean

Vallois, Henri Victor

Virchow, Rudolf Carl

Walker, John

Washburn, Sherwood Larned

Weidenreich, Franz

NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY XLVII


Arduino (or Arduini), GiovanniAristotleBodenstein, Adam ofBuffon, George-Louis Le Clerc,

Comte deBurmeister, Hermann Karl KonradCronquist, ArthurCullen, WilliamGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire, EtienneGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire, IsidoreGoethe, Johann Wolfgang vonHaller, [Victor] Albrecht von

NATURAL HISTORY

Heckel, fidouard-Marie

Holbrook, John Edwards

Hutton, James

Hyman, Libbie Henrietta

Kinsey, Alfred

LeConte, Joseph

Lee, Sarah Eglonton Wallis Bowdich

Linnaeus, Carl


Mayr, Ernst Walter

Merian, Maria Sibylla

Mueller, Ferdinand Jakob Heinrich

von

Oken (or Okenfuss), Lorenz

Piaget, Jean

Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius

Secundus)

Ratcliffe, Francis Noble


Smith, James Leonard Brierly

Traill, Catharine Parr

Walker, John

Anfinsen, Christian B.Baldwin, James MarkBronn, Heinrich GeorgCain, Arthur JamesCampbell, Donald ThomasCarson, Hampton LawrenceChambers, RobertDarwin, Charles RobertEmerson, Alfred EdwardsFisher, Ronald AylmerGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire, IsidoreGould, Stephen JayHaeckel, ErnstHamilton, William DonaldHennig, (Emil Hans) WilliHuxley, Julian

EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

Huxley, Thomas HenryKam merer, Paul

Kettlewell, Henry Bernard DavisKimura, MotooKinsey, AlfredKoenigswald, Gustav Heinrich Ralph

von

Kropotkin, Petr AlekseyvichLadd, Harry StephenLamarck, Jean-BaptisteLerner, I(sadore) MichaelMayr, Ernst WalterOsborn, Henry FairfieldOwen, RichardPatterson, ColinPiaget, Jean

Popper, Karl Raimund

Royer, Clemence-AugusteSchindewolf, Otto HeinrichSimpson, George GaylordSmuts, Jan ChristianSonneborn, Tracy MortonStebbins, George Ledyard, Jr.Tintant, HenriWaddington, Conrad Hal

Wagner, MoritzWallace, Alfred RusselWashburn, Sherwood LarnedWeidenreich, FranzWeismann, August Friedrich LeopoldWright, Sewall

Wynne-Edwards, Vero Copner

Allee, Warder ClydeBraun-Blanquet, JosiasClements, Frederic EdwardCockayne, LeonardCowles, Henry ChandlerDansereau, Pierre MackayDubos, Rene JulesEdmondson, Wallis ThomasElton, Charles SutherlandEmerson, Alfred Edwards

ECOLOGY

Harvey, Hildebrand WolfeHasler, Arthur DavisHeckel, fidouard-MarieHutchinson, G. EvelynLadd, Harry StephenLee, Sarah Eglonton Wallis BowdichLeopold, Aldo v

Margalef, RamonMayor (formerly Mayer), Alfred

• Goldsborough

Nice, Margaret MorseOdum, Eugene PleasantsOdum, Howard ThomasOeschger, HansRatcliffe, Francis NobleRiley, Gordon ArthurStanchinskiy, Vladimir VladimirovichTansley, Sir Arthur GeorgeThienemann, August FriedrichWynne-Edwards, Vero Copner

Abderhalden, EmilAdrian, Edgar Douglas, first Baron

Adrian of Cambridge

PHYSIOLOGY

AristotleBastian, Henry CharltonBorelli, Giovanni Alfonso

Carpenter, William BenjaminCullen, Williamde Vries, Hugo

XLVIII NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY


Descartes, Rene Du PerronEccles, John CarewElsasser, Walter MauriceEphrussi, BorisGalenGold, ThomasGoldman-Rakic, Patricia ShoerHaller, [Victor] Albrecht vonHasler, Arthur DavisHertz, Mathilde CarmenHess, Walter RudolfHodgkin, AlanHolmes, Gordon MorganJennings, Herbert Spencer

Katz, BernardKoehler, OttoLa Mettrie, Julien Offray deLashley, Karl SpencerLavoisier, Antoine-LaurentLeConte, JosephLuria, Alexander RomanovichMcCulloch, Warren SturgisParacelsus, Theophrastus Philippus

Aureolus Bombastus vonHohenheim

Pavlov, Ivan PetrovichRichter, Curt P.Sah, Peter P. T.

Schleiden, Matthias Jacob

Schwendener, Simon

Shtern, Lina Solomonovna



Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio

Anastasio

Von Euler, Ulf Svante

von Hoist, Erich

Winthrop, John, Jr.

Wollaston, William Hyde

Wundt, Wilhelm

AristotleBaldwin, James MarkBastian, Henry CharltonBateson, WilliamBrachet, Jean LouisBriggs, Robert W.Carson, Hampton LawrenceCaspersson, Torbjorn OskarClaude, AlbertCowdry, Edmund VincentDubos, Rene JulesEphrussi, BorisEsau, KatherineGrobstein, Clifford

CELLULAR/DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Haeckel, Ernst

Haller, [Victor] Albrecht von

Hamburger, Viktor

Holley, Robert William

Holtfreter, Johannes

Horstadius, Sven Otto

Huxley, Julian

Just, Ernest Everett

Klein, Harold P.

Luria, Salvador Edward

Mangold, Hilde

Maupertuis

McClintock, Barbara

Morgan, Thomas Hunt

Novikoff, Alex Benjamin

Oken, Lorenz

Pasteur, Louis

Porter, Keith Roberts


Sager, Ruth


Schwendener, Simon

Sonneborn, Tracy Morton

Stephenson, Marjory


Waddington, Conrad Hal

Bateson, WilliamBeadle, George WellsBriggs, Robert W.Caspersson, Torbjorn OskarDelbriick, Max Ludwig Henningde Vries, HugoEphrussi, BorisFischer, (Leopold Franz) EugenFord, Edmund BriscoHamilton, William DonaldHorowitz, NorVnan Harold

GENETICS

Huxley, Julian

Jennings, Herbert Spencer

Kettlewell, Henry Bernard Davis

Kimura, Motoo •

Lerner, I(sadore) Michael

Luria, Salvador Edward (Salvatore)

McClintock, Barbara

Mendel, Johannes Gregor

Morgan, Thomas Hunt

Neel, James Van Gundia

Pearson, Karl

Sager, Ruth


Shockley, William Bradford

Sonneborn

Tammes, Jantina


Weismann, August Friedrich Leopold

Wright, Sewall

Waddington, Conrad Hal

Anfinsen, Christian B.Brachet, Jean LouisChargaff, Erwin

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Crick, Francis Harry ComptonDelbriick, Max Ludwig HenningFranklin, Rosalind Elsie

Holley, Robert WilliamJerne, Niels KajJordan, Ernst Pascual

NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY XLIX


Kalckar, Herman MoritzLuria, SalvadorOchoa, Severo

Pauling, Linus CarlPerutz, Max FerdinandSagan, Carl Edward

Schmitt, Francis OttoSmith, MichaelWilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick

Allee, Warder ClydeNice, Margaret MorseBaerends, Gerard PieterBeach, Frank Ambrose Jr.Carpenter, Clarence RayCraig, WallaceFossey, DianGriffin, Donald Redfield

ETHOLOGY/ANIMAL BEHAVIOR

Hertz, Mathilde Carmen

Howard, Henry Eliot

Huxley, Julian

Jennings, Herbert Spencer

Koehler, Otto

Lehrman, Daniel Sanford

Lorenz, Konrad Zacharias

Schneirla, Theodore Christian

Thorpe, William Homan

Tinbergen, Nikolaas

Turner, Charles Henry

von Hoist, Erich

Watson, John Broadus

Wynne-Edwards, Vero Copner

Abelson, Robert PaulAllport, Gordon WillardAristotleBaldwin, James MarkBartlett, Frederic CharlesBastian, AdolfBeach, Frank Ambrose Jr.Boring, Edwin GarriguesBroadbent, Donald EricCampbell, Donald ThomasCarpenter, William BenjaminCattell, James McKeenChrysippiusClark, Kenneth and MamieCullen, WilliamErikson, Erik HomburgerEysenck, Hans JiirgenFestinger, LeonFreud, SigmundGalen

PSYCHOLOGY

Gibson, Eleanor JackGibson, James JeromeHebb, DonaldHertz, Mathilde CarmenHilgard, Ernest RopiequetHull, Clark LeonhardJames, WilliamJanet, PierreJung, Carl GustavKliiver, HeinrichKinsey, AlfredLa Mettrie, Julien Offray deLashley, Karl SpencerLehrman, Daniel SanfordLewin, KurtLuria, Alexander RomanovichMaslow, AbrahamMeehl, Paul EverettMilgram, StanleyMiller, Neal Elgar

Murry, Henry AlexanderNifo, AgostinoPavlov, Ivan PetrovichPiaget, JeanRichardson, Lewis FryRichter, Curt P.Rogers, Carl RansomRufus, Richard of CornwallSchneirla, Theodore ChristianSimon, Herbert AlexanderSkinner, Burrhus FredericSperry, Roger WolcottStern, Louis WilliamTansley, Arthur GeorgeTerman, Louis Madison

.Tversky, AmosVogt, Cecile and OskarVygotsky, Lev SemyonovichWatson, John BroadusWundt, Wilhelm

Abelson, Robert PaulBabbage,'CharlesBartlett, Frederic CharlesFestingar, LeonHebb, E|pnaldHull, Clark LeonardJames, WilliamKuhn, Thomas Samuel

COGNITIVE SCIENCE

Lashley, Karl Spencer

Luria, Alexander Romanovich

Marr, David Courtnay

McCulloch, Warren Sturgis

Newell, Allen

Penfield, Wilder Graves

Piaget, Jean

Shannon, Claude

Simon, Herb

^Sperry, Roger Wolcott

Turing, Alan Mathison

Tversky, Amos

Vygotsky, Lev Semyonovich

Wundt, Wilhelm

Adrian, Edgar Douglas, first Baron

Adrian of Cambridge

NEUROSCIENCE

Axelrod, Julius

Bastian, Henry Charlton

Brodmann, Korbinian

Bullock, Theodore Holmes

L NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY


Clark, Wilfrid Edward Le Gros

Crick, Francis Harry Compton

Eccles, John Carew

Edinger, Ludwig

Goldman-Rakic, Patricia Shoer

Hamburger, Viktor

Hebb, Donald

Holmes, Gordon Morgan

Katz, Bernard

Kliiver, Heinrich

Lashley, Karl Spencer

Luria, Alexander Romanovich

Marr, David Courtnay

McCulloch, Warren Sturgis

Papez, James Wenceslas

Penfield, Wilder Graves


Sperry, Roger Wolcott

Thudichum, Johann Ludwig Wilhelm

Vogt, Cecile and Oskar


Abderhalden, EmilArconville, Marie Genevieve Charlotte

Thiroux d'Arnald of VillanovaAssmann, RichardAxelrod, JuliusBacon, FrancisBodenstein, Adam ofBorelli, Giovanni AlfonsoBorro, GirolamoBuonamici, FrancescoBurnet, Frank MacfarlaneCardano, GirolamoCarpenter, William BenjaminClaude, AlbertCowdry, Edmund VincentDiodes of CarystusDubos, Rene JulesEdinger, LudwigEichengriin, Arthur

MEDICAL SCIENCE

Elion, Gertrude BelleElsasser, Walter MauriceGalenHelmont, Johannes (Joan) Baptista

VanHippocrates of CosHoward, LukeJanssen, Paul Adriaan JanLa Mettrie, Julien Offray deLeoniceno, NicoloLinnaeus, CarlLuria, Salvador Edward (Salvatore)Maimonides, Rabbi Moses Ben

MaimonMedawar, Peter BrianNifo, AgostinoParacelsus, Theophrastus Philippus

Aureolus Bombastus vonHohenheim

Pasteur, Louis

Pellicier, Guillaume

Prachaticz, Cristannus de


Qutb al-Dln Mahrrmd ibn Mas'ud

ibn al-Muslih al-ShirazI

RazI, Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn

Zakariyya', al-

Reichstein, Tadeus

Rufus of Ephesus

Sah, Peter P. T.

Sennert, Daniel

Stahl, Georg Ernst

Starkey, George



Virchow, Rudolf Carl

Von Euler, Ulf Svante

Wilson, Alan Herries

Aitken, JohnBlau, MariettaBoer, Jan Hendrik deBoreskov, Georgii KonstantinovichButenandt, Adolf Friedrich JohannCallendar, Guy StewartCondon, Edward UhlerCremer, ErikaEckert, J. (John Adam) Presper, Jr.Frankland, Edward

TECHNOLOGY/ENGINEERING

Horton, Robert ElmerHou Te-pang (Debang Hou)Houdry, Eugene JulesKapitsa, Petr LeonidovichLewis, Warren KendallLicklider, Joseph Carl RobnettMilankovic, MilutinPickering, William HaywardReichstein, TadeusReppe, Walter Julius

Sakharov, Andrei DmitriyevichSchottky, Walter HansShannon, ClaudeSmalley, Richard ErrettSmith, MichaelTuring, Alan MathisonVan Krevelen, Dirk Willemvon Braun, WernherWigner, EugeneWilson, Sir Alan Herries

AristotleBabbage, CharlesBacon, FrancisBohr, Niels Henrik DavidBoring, Edwin Garrigues

NATURE OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY

Borro, GirolamoDescartes, Rene Du PerronDuhem, Pierre-Maurice-MarieGalilei, GalileoGoethe, Johann Wolfgang von

Goodman, Nelson HenryGould, Stephen JayHerschel, JohnJennings, Herbert SpencerKuhn, Thomas Samuel

NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY LI


La Mettrie, Julien Offray de

Lewin, Kurt


Meehl, Paul Everett

Merton, Robert K.

Mill, John Stuart

Paneth, Friedrich Adolf

Poincare, Jules Henri


Price, Derek John DeSolla

Royer, Clemence-Auguste

Sagan, Carl Edward

Schindewolf, Otto Heinrich


Weyl, Hermann Claus Hugo

Whewell, William

Zabarella, Jacopo (Giacomo)

Bastian, AdolfBergmann, Ernst DavidBretz, J HarlanCampbell, Donald ThomasCattell, James McKeenChambers, RobertClavius, ChristophDing Wenjiang (V. K. Ting)Ehrenfest-Afanas'eva, Tatiana A.Eysenck, Hans JiirgenForsythe, George ElmerFoster, George CareyFrankland, EdwardGould, Stephen JayHennig, (Emil Hans) WilliHilgard, Ernest Ropiequet

SCIENCE PEDAGOGY/POPULARIZATION

Hirst, Thomas ArcherHuxley, JulianHuxley, Thomas HenryImes, Elmer SamuelJelinek, JanJohnston, James Finlay WeirMac Lane, SaundersMarcet, Jane HaldimandMark, Herman F.Morrison, PhilipNamias, JeromeNeedham, JosephNewell, Norman DennisOdum, Eugene PleasantsOken (or Okenfuss), LorenzPrachaticz, Cristannus de


Sagan, Carl Edward


Seaborg, Glenn Theodore

Sonneborn, Tracy Morton

Terman, Lewis Madison

Tinbergen, Nikolaas

Tinsley, Beatrice

Turner, Charles Henry


Whewell, William

Wilson, Alan Herries

Yin Zanxun

Zhu Kezhen

Abderhalden, EmilAmaldi, EdoardoBacher, RobertBahcall, John NorrisBergmann, Ernst DavidBondi, HermannFossey, Dian

SCIENCE POLICY

Grobstein, Clifford

King, Clarence Rivers


Neel, James Van Gundia

Pickering, William Hayward

Price, Derek John DeSolla

Rabi, Isidor Isaac

Revelle, Roger Randall Dougan

Seaborg, Glenn (Glen) Theodore

Teller, Edward

Vickrey, William Spencer

Zhu Kezhen

U I DICTIONARY OP SCYENTmC BIOGRAPHY

New Dictionary of Scientific Biography

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