New Construction of Waste Incineration Plants in Austrian ... · Nov. 15, 2010 New Construction of...

New Construction of Waste Incineration Plants in Austrian Redevelopment Zones

“Creation of University – Enterprise Cooperation Networks for Education on Sustainable Technologies”

TEMPUS – Meeting

November 15th 2010, Vienna

Gerd Mauschitz

Nov. 15, 2010 New Construction of Waste Incineration Plants in Austrian Redevelopment Zones 2

Gerd Mauschitz

The lecture gives a short overview about the installation of new waste incineration plants in Austria, especially in zones where a relative high background exposure to air pollutants actually exists.

Especially the high status of clean air technology which is used in Austrian waste incineration plants to mitigate air pollutants will be explained. Without these purification technologies no waste incinerator can set into operation.

Motivation


Gerd Mauschitz

in compliance with relevant regulations by law (e.g. ordinance on landfills 2005),

growing waste quantities, especially of bulky refuse, industrial waste, and municipal waste,

rising number of inhabitants,

increasing number of single person households,

decreasing number of local suppliers (grocery stores),

growing number and increasing sales areas of supermarkets,

Arguments for construction of new incineration plants


Gerd Mauschitz

sales promotion: “Take 3, pay only for 2!”,

prohibition of agricultural recovery of municipal sewage sludge,

saving of fossil fuels, generating electricity, district and process heat,

mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions,

increasing requirements of lower-cost energy for industry.

Arguments for the construction of new incineration plants


Gerd Mauschitz

New waste incineration plants in Austria

Thermal output Capacity

[MW] [twaste/a]

line 2 Jun.06 grate firing 80 225,000

FWW Pfaffenau Pfaffenau 2 lines Sep.08 grate firing 80 250,000

.A.S.A. Zistersdorf Mar.09 grate firing 45 130,000

line 3 Sep.09 grate firing 90 225,000

RHKW (Linz AG) Linz 2011 fluidized bed 66 238,000

Total 361 1,068,000

Combustion technologyCompany Location Remarks Start of

operation

AVN Dürnrohr

WAV (AVE) Wels


Gerd Mauschitz

Immission limit values by Austrian Ambient Air Quality Standard (IG-L)

Pollutant HMW MW8 TMW JMW

Suspended particulate matter [µg/m3] - - 150 -

PM10 [µg/m3] - - 50 40 (20)1)

Lead (Pb) on PM10 [µg/m3] - - - 0,5

Nitrogen dioxide [µg/m3] 200 - 801) 30

Sulphur dioxide [µg/m3] 200 - 120 20

Carbon monoxide [mg/m3] - 10 - -

Benzene [µg/m3] - - - 5

1) Target value Legend: HMW half hourly average value; MW8 mean value of eight hours; TMW daily average value; JMW yearly average value


Gerd Mauschitz

Minimum number of monitoring points (acc. to IG-L; 2009 in operation)Pollutant Minimum number

of monitoring points 2009 in

operation [%]

SO2 63 116 + 84

NOX 79 153 + 94

CO 27 44 + 63

PM10 77 131 + 70

Lead (Pb) 11 19 + 73

Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni) 11 20 + 82

Benzene 12 20 + 67

Benzo-(a)-pyrene 15 19 + 27

Ozone 93 119 + 28

Particulate deposition not defined 164 Pb, Cd on particulate deposition not defined 114


Gerd Mauschitz

Number of exceeding of PM10 – limit value (acc. IG-L)

Province Monitoring point TMW -exceedance

max. TMW [µg/m³]

JMW [µg/m³]

Belgradplatz 33 98 26 Stadlau 36 99 27 Liesing 52 84 29

Taborstraße 48 95 29

Vienna

Rinnböckstraße 48 99 30 Linz, Neue Welt 35 124 28 Upper Austria

Linz, Römerbergtunnel 41 181 32 Klosterneuburg 34 102 26 Lower Austria Schwechat 37 87 27


Gerd Mauschitz

Number of exceeding of PM10 – limit value (acc. IG-L)Province Monitoring point TMW -

exceedance max. TMW

[µg/m³] JMW

[µg/m³]

Hartberg 32 89 28 Knittelfeld 32 93 27 Köflach 35 109 30

Leibnitz 46 134 30 Peggau 34 113 32 Voitsberg 32 97 29

Graz Don Bosco 76 209 40 Graz Mitte 63 197 36

Graz Nord 37 129 30 Graz Ost 59 146 35

Graz Süd 66 300 36

Styria

Graz West 46 231 30


Gerd Mauschitz


Province Monitoring point TMW -exceedance

max. TMW [µg/m³]

JMW [µg/m³]

Klagenfurt 42 116 32 St. Andrä 32 101 30

Carinthia

Wolfsberg 42 126 32

Tyrol Innsbruck 46 131 29 Vorarlberg Höchst 32 99 27


Gerd Mauschitz



Gerd Mauschitz

Additional impact for immission situation

maximally 3% of daily average value,

maximally 1% of annually average value.

Irrelevance principle - tolerance criteria


Gerd Mauschitz

Capacities and starting dates for three waste incineration plants in Austrian redevelopment zones

Location Capacity Start of operation Redevelopment zone

Wien Pfaffenau 250,000 t/a 2008 PM10, NOX

RHKW Linz 238,000 t/a 2011 PM10, NOX

RVH-Heiligenkreuz 325,000 t/a 2014 ? PM10


Gerd Mauschitz

Municipal waste incineration plants in Vienna

Location Realized capacity Start of operation Projected capacity Flötzersteig 200,000 t/a 1963 -

Spittelau 260,000 t/a 1971 260,000 t/a

Pfaffenau 250,000 t/a 2008 450,000 t/a


Gerd Mauschitz

Municipal waste incineration plants in Vienna


Gerd Mauschitz

Simmering

NGPS Simmering Biomass power station

MWI Pfaffenau

HWI EbS

Biogas power station

Waste water treatment


Gerd Mauschitz

Operating parameters of MWI Pfaffenau

MVA Pfaffenau

Quantity of incinerated waste 250,000 t/a Consumption of light fuel oil 250 t/a Thermal capacity 624 GWh

Steam production (vessel) 745,000 t/a Thermal capacity (steam) 544 GWh Electrical capacity (generator) 99 GWhel

Power supply (grid) 68 GWhel Heat supply (district heating grid) 407GWhth

Energetic efficiency 76.12 %

Station supply (electricity) 4 MW Station supply (steam) 10.3 t/h


Gerd Mauschitz

Emission limitsfor MWI Pfaffenau

HMW TMW Pollutant / [mg/m3] application official application official

TSP 8 8 - 5 TOC 8 8 - 8 HCl 7 7 - 7 HF 0.3 0.3 - 0.3 SO2 30 20 - 20 NOX 70 70 - 70 CO 100 100 50 50 Hg 0.05 0.05 - 0.05 Mean value 0.5 - 8 hours application official Cd + Tl 0.05 0.05 Heavy metals 0.5 0.5 NH3 5.0 5.0 PAHC - 0.01 Mean value 6 - 8 hours application official Dioxin/Furan 0.1 ng/m3 0.1 ng/m3 PCB - 0.1 ng/m3 B(a)P - 0.1 µg/m3


Gerd Mauschitz

Potential of emission substitutionMWI Pfaffenau

[kg/year] Scenario Source/Sink TSP2) NOX SO2 CO Evaluation

A Emissions MWI Pfaffenau1) 1,400 34,000 2,700 31,200 regional

B Substitution: heat supply on heating station

3,200 42,400 26,100 4,000 regional

C Substitution: heat supply on households

31,700 122,700 177,700 1,150,500 regional

D Substitution: electric power supply

500 6,400 4,700 1,700 national

E Regional balance A minus B -1,900 -8,400 -23,400 27,000 regional

F Regional balance A minus C -30,300 -88,700 -175,000 -1,119,300 regional

G National balance A minus B minus D -2,300 -14,800 -28,100 25,500 national

H National balance A minus C minus D -30,800 -95,100 -179,700 -1,121,200 national

1) These values are the mass flows of emissions calculated by using the emission limits which were applied in environmental risk assessment 2) Total suspended particulates


Gerd Mauschitz

Process flow sheet of MWI Pfaffenau

Waste hopper

Recovery boiler

Grate firing

Steam turbine

District heating

ElectrostaticPrecipitator

ESP

Waste watertreatment

Grateslag

Scrap Boilerslag

ESPdust

Filtercake

CaSO4 Cleanwater

Activated carbonadsorber

Denoxing(SCR)

Crane Scrubber

SO2+½O2+CaCO3→CaSO4↓+CO2CaO+H2O→Ca(OH)2SO2+½O2+Ca(OH)2→CaSO4↓+H2O

SCR4NO+4NH3+O2→4N2+6H2O6NO2+8NH3→7N2+12H2O

Slag cooler


Gerd Mauschitz

Municipal waste incineration plant RHKW Linz

Expected input Mass flow Municipal waste from Linz 100,000 t/a Sewage sludge (30% dry matter) 50,000 t/a

Industrial partners 70,000 t/a


Gerd Mauschitz

RHKW Linz

RHKW Linz


Gerd Mauschitz

RHKW Linz aerial view

(photomontage)

Stack 180m high

Mechanical waste treatment (MWT) and fuel storage

Conveying equipment for waste from MWT to the waste incinerator

Municipal waste incineration plant


Gerd Mauschitz

Emission limits for RHKW LinzHalf hourly mean

value Daily mean value Annually mean value

Concentration of pollutants

Application Official Application Official Application Official

NOX [mg/m³] 70 60 70 55 50 50 CO [mg/m³] 100 100 50 50 50 50 SO2 [mg/m³] 50 40 35 30 20 20 TSP3) [mg/m³] 8 5 5 5 5 4 PM10 [mg/m³] 5 - 5 - 5 - TOC [mg/m³] 8 8 8 8 8 8 HCl [mg/m³] 7 7 7 7 7 7 HF [mg/m³] 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Hg [mg/m³] 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.035 0.05 0.02

HMs4) [mg/m³] - - 0.51) - - -

Cd + TI [mg/m³] - - 0.0561) 0.021) - - NH3 [mg/m³] - - 51) 51) - - Dioxine [ng/m3] 0.12) 1) Mean value 0,5 - 8 hours 2) Mean value 6 - 8 hours 3) Total suspended particulates 4) Heavy metals (total)


Gerd Mauschitz

Emission limits for RHKW Linz

TSP: HMW, JMW reduced

PM10: HMW, TMW, JMW additionally (acc. AVV)

NOx: HMW, TMW, reduced

Hg: TMW, JMW, reduced

Legend: TSP Total suspended particulatesHMW Half hourly mean valueTMW Daily mean valueJMW Annually mean valueAVV Regulations for waste incineration (BGBl. II Nr. 296/2007)


Gerd Mauschitz

NOx – Immission concentration 2007 in Upper Austria and ViennaProvince Monitoring point max.

HMW HMW

>200 µg/m³ JMW

Upper Austria Enns Eckmayermühle 135 0 31 Upper Austria Enns Kristein 190 0 53 Upper Austria Krenglbach 186 0 37 Linz 24er Türme 140 0 33 Linz Neue Welt 148 0 31 Linz Römerbergtunnel 297 11 50 Vienna Belgradplatz 148 0 35 Vienna Floridsdorf 155 0 32 Vienna Gaudenzdorf 163 0 35 Vienna Hietzinger Kai 240 31 71 Vienna Laaer Berg 172 0 31 Vienna Rinnböckstrasse 164 0 45 Vienna Stephansplatz 220 2 32 Vienna Taborstraße 158 0 44 Vienna Währinger Gürtel 133 0 31


Gerd Mauschitz

Process flow sheet of RHKW LinzResidues Sewage sludge Electricity and heat generation

District heating

Residues

Combustion air

Bed slag Boiler slag Fine ash CaSO4 Neutralisation sludge

Waste water treatmentCentrifugeCa(OH)2 NH4(OH)

Scrubber Denoxing(SCR)

Fluidez bed incinerator & steam vessel

Adorbent

Water

ESP

CaCO3SiO2


Gerd Mauschitz

Regional importance of the location Business Park Heiligenkreuz Heiligenkreuz


Gerd Mauschitz

Business ParkHeiligenkreuz

BathSt. GotthardAutomobile Company

Opel

National border

RVHHeiligenkreuz

LenzingFibres

Biomassincinerator


Gerd Mauschitz

PM10- Emissions in Burgenland (2007)

Monitoring point EISENSTADT OBERWART KITTSEE Measured value PM10 PM10 PM10

Unit [µg/m³] [µg/m³] [µg/m³] Maximum* 83.3 84.8 66.9

Max. limit value* 50 50 50 Number of exceedings 27 16 13

* Daily mean value (TMW)


Gerd Mauschitz

RVH Heiligenkreuz

Expected input Calorific

value [MJ/kg]

Mix 2 [t/a]

Municipal waste 10.9 220,000 Sewage sludge 0.8 70,000 Residues of water treatment, wood, a.o. 11.4 35,000 Total fuels (average incl. sewage sludge) 8.8 325,000 Total thermal capacity 99 MW


Gerd Mauschitz

Process flow sheetRVH Heiligenkreuz

Residues

DustSewagesludge Carbon

CaCO3SiO2

Additives

Residues

Combustion air

Electricity and heat generation

Bed slag Metalls

Fluidized bed incinerator&

vessel

SteamElectricity

Condensate

NH4(OH)

Ca(OH)2Acti. C

Boiler slag Fine ash

Water

ESP

Denoxing(SCR)

Adsorber

Met

all r

ecyc

ling

Haz

ardo

usw

aste

depo

sit


Gerd Mauschitz

Applied limit values of emission for RVH HeiligenkreuzEU-regulation

2000/76 Waste

incineration

Regulation for waste incineration

AVV, BGBl II 2002/389

RVH Heiligenkreuz projected

TMW* TMW* TMW* HMW*

[mg/m3(Vn)] [mg/m3(Vn)] [mg/m3(Vn)] [mg/m3(Vn)]NOx 200 70 50 70 CO 50 50 50 100 SO2 50 50 35 35 TSP1) 10 10 5 8 TOC2) 10 10 8 8 HCl 10 10 7 10 HF 1 0.5 0.2 0.25 * Related to dry flue gas and 11 Vol.-% O2 1) Total suspended matter 2) Total organic compounds


Gerd Mauschitz

MMK Frohnleitenaerial photograph

&photomontage

Thermal capacity: 160 MW; quantity of fired waste: 450,000 t/a


Gerd Mauschitz

Waste incineration in Austria (2013)Thermal capacity

Quantity of fired waste

[MW] [twaste/year]MVA Flötzersteig Flötzersteig 3 lines 1963 Grate 50 200,000

MVA Spittelau Spittelau 2 lines 1971 Grate 85 250,000

FWW Pfaffenau Pfaffenau 2 lines Sep.08 Grate 80 250,000

Line 1 + 2 2004 Grate 120 300,000

Line 3 Sep.09 Grate 90 225,000

.A.S.A. Zistersdorf Mar.09 Grate 45 130,000

Line 1 1995 Grate 28.7 75,000

Line 2 Jun.06 Grate 80 225,000

RVL (AVE, Lenzing) Lenzing 2004 Fluidized bed 110 300,000

RHKW (Linz AG) Linz 2011 Fluidized bed 66 238,000

TRV (ENAGES) Niklasdorf Dec.03 Fluidized bed 40 100,000

MMK (Mayr-Melnhof) Frohnleiten 2 lines 2013? Fluidized bed 160 450,000

KRV Arnoldstein Sep.04 Grate 30 80,000

RVH (BEGAS) Heiligenkreuz 2 lines 2012? Fluidized bed 99 325,000

1,083.7 3,148,000

Technology

Total

Name Location Remarks Start of Operation

AVN Dürnrohr

WAV (AVE) Wels


Gerd Mauschitz

Résumé Mitigation of emissions must be done using a clean air technology, which shall be always

state of the art.

In any case the application of clean air technology which is state of the art is essential, even if the atmospheric load in the redevelopment zone is more influenced by other emission sources (e.g. traffic).

The implementation of clean air technology must be economically practicable.

Waste heat recovery is a main issue for the selection of process technology and for the selection of plant site, to minimize the immission load in the redevelopment zones.

During the evaluation process of a new project the overall immission inventory must also include the immissions of all other emission sources situated in the redevelopment area.

Limit values of immissions which are regulated by law must be periodically adapted to be always state of the art.

The evaluation of the methods for immission mitigation within the redevelopment zone must be independent on the evaluation of green house gas emissions.


Gerd Mauschitz

Thank you for your attention!

New Construction of Waste Incineration Plants in Austrian ... · Nov. 15, 2010 New Construction of...

Documents

Transcript of New Construction of Waste Incineration Plants in Austrian ... · Nov. 15, 2010 New Construction of...