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-.L.2.;L.3.;' 11.14.- ,4.L.,2.J.,' )4.

2

il

ff

3.1.;3.2;4.2.

flornpetente generale

r Exptorarea unor fenomene gi proprietdli ate substantelorintAtnite in activitatea cotidiani

z Interpretarea unor date 9i informalii oblinute in cadru[ unuidemers investigativ

e Rezolvarea de prob[emein situalii concrete, utitizAndatgoritmi gi instrumente specifice chimiei

s Evatuarea consecin!e[or procese[or 9i ac!iunii substan{e[orchimice asupra proprlei persoane gi asupra mediu[uiinconjurdtor

Conlpefenie speciiire

r.e. Identificarea unor proprietd!i/fenomene, substanle/amestecuri in contexte cunoscute

r"z. Descrierea unor fenomene 9i proprietSli ale substantelorintAtnite in contexte cunoscute prin utilizareaterminologiei specifice chimiei

r"a. UtiIizarea simboturi[or specifice chimiei pentrureprezentarea unor etemente, substan!e simp[e saucompuse 9i transformiri ale substanletor

:"r. Formularea unor ipoteze cu privire [a caracteristici[esubstanletor 9i a retaliitor dintre ele

a.z. Uti[izarea echipamentetor de laborator 9i a tehnotogiitorinformatice pentru a studia proprieta!i/fenomene

a.a. Investigarea unor procese si fenomene in scopuIidentificirii no!iunitor gi reta!iitor relevante

:"e Identificarea informa!iior 9i datetor necesare rezolvdriiunei probteme in contexte variate

g.e. Rezotvarea de prob[eme caIitative 9i cantitative pe bazaconceptetor studiate

e.r. Identificarea consecin!e[or procese[or chimice asupraorganismutui 9i asupra mediu[ui inconjurdtor

+.2. Aprecierea impactu[ui substanlelor chimice asupraorganismu[ui si asupra mediutui inconjuritor

i:nnpetenle nerale 9i specifice

-- ir te specifice asociate

Tema I

Tema 2

Evaluare

Tema 3

Proiect

Evaluare

ao

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Bagheti de strcliSticlute picuritoai-e

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'rnlnrpau e r6:olaueosrad erdnse oJEolplse^op olcala nc 'ilpuocut aU 'unsJB er; acnpo.rd eleod arr4pculop loloslns e oleolPzundserocau PaJrsoloJ 'sooap el JerqJ nes ar^euloqLuJ El ecnp aleodaoltutLlc eiuelsqns ap Pleluoproce earereBur 'eauoLuasp aO 'lnlnrarlrqou earaBnllsrp 'iliurru-pcprqurl eoreJoualap 'elerd ad rJnsJe eco^o.rd eleod aiuelsqns roun p eleolqzundselooaueetelndtue6 'ttzoldxa nES ilpuaJur 'unsre 'rriecrxolur :aluopau uptuJn eene eleod r5 gseolnc-uad JerLlo rJooun rl aleod elolsoJe eerelndrueur nes oor.urr.l3.ro1afuelsqns eoteutquoo

'rnlntpau e rS lnl utp Jolao e 'aueosled leudold e ericalo.rdop atlJou roun e plJuls eeleloodsal nc preo6p;sep as aru?r/J ap pJolDJoqpl utp ealeltltlov

/l toleloqel ap gtnlerede rs alrsualsn 'ootLutqJ eiuets-qns pursolol 'elueuuedxo pzeanloalo as oJeJ ug lnrieds olsa atutq3 ap lntoleroqel

IroleroqBl uJ !!cunu e olicatord ap auloN

aYJ rvrrS

T

elap ttti

.'e de protectie a mediuluiinccnjrirdtcr

?espectd indicatiite profesorutui, dupd terminarea Iucrdri[or de [aborator, cu privire [aocuI unde trebuie depuse sticlulele cu reactivi, ustensilele folosite.\ u arunca [a chiuvetd substan!ele fotosite in experimente. in fe[uI acesta vei proteja me-CiuIinconjurdtor, cdci unele resturi pot fi toxice sau corozive. intreabd profesoruI cum:rebuie sd procedezi.

rrofesoruI este ceI care decide cAnd 9i cum se efectueazd experimentele in laboratorulle chimie, precum si cu ce cantitdli de substante se lucreazi.

Scrie in caiet, cu fiecare literi a cuvAntului LABORATOR, cdte un obiect/ustensiti/sub-stanld intAlnitd in laboratoruI de chimie.

Tabelul de maijos cuprinde diferite acliuni permise sau nu in [aboratorul de chimie. Co-piazd-l in caiet 9i scrie in cisufele libere, plasate ?n fiecare casetd, litera C sau litera Ipentru o activitate corectd, respectiv incorectd, care poate fi desfiguratiin taboratorutde chimie.

?TIAI CA?

Pe sticlele cu reactivi careau potentiaI vitdmitor,sunt trecute pictograme

de avertizare care trebuiecunoscute gi respectate.

Reline 9i respecti acesteavertizlri, pe care [epofi intAlni si ?n afaralaboratorului de chimie!

t;

Amesteci reactiviiLa intAmplarein timpuI

experimentu Iui,

fird a respectain d icaliiteprofesorulu i.

La indicaf iaprofesorutui,

la f inatuI activita!ii,

stingi spirtiera

cu ajutoruI

capacutui.

Te speli pe mAini

9i pdrdsegti

laboratoru[, dupice profesoruI

a anuntat

terminarea

activitd!ii.

La sfArsitulorei,

stingi spirtiera

suflAnd in f[acirA

9i pirdsegti ingrabd [aboratoru[.

Efectuezi experi-mentele urmAndinstructiuni[e. Aigrijd si nu indreptispre colegi epru-

beta pe care o in-citzesti.

in timp ce cotegiilucreazi unexperiment, tu

incerci si-!iterminitema [alimba englez6.

Te muli in timpulorei [a o attd masd,unde [ucreazd

prietenuI tiu.

Ai un moment

de pauzd si

mdnAnci [a

repezea[i unpachet de biscuiti

Notezi ?n caietobservatiilepe care [e

faci in timpulexperimentului.

Arunci [a chiuvetdcon!i nutu I

epru betelor

fotosite in timpuloret.

t2

Aplici

'3]a olaprsrqjo 'aluaue3rpaur urp o^rlf,e oloiuelsqns 'P3rlsne3 epos :nlduaxe oc 'letrlsnp-ur nes loleroqEl uJ alej3nlaJd u lod nes letsutuE olnutiqo luns tf, 'plnleu uJ glstxa nu alsl-lV'rnlnJap Erirzodruoo urp aued oel uoqrec ap lnprxorp 'lnuaBrxo lunorauru ulp Eetlxe as(rar;'1urE:e lnE) alalelaLu :nlduaxa aO'prnleu uJplsrxa lod eiuelsqns olsaoe arlurp alaun

'giuelsqns al6eunu as qluelsuof, rs qleururelap aurq erirzoduuoc no aualeu ap euroJ

aulreu tr 'auolpur

ep undrl allnu rpuJ urp uncalsaure ec eluezard 1odas nes orJaleu ep d11 rnEurs un-Jlurp alrnlpole r; god areolprnluocul eaunl urp alundlo3

lundloc ol!unu'pzeaar3 as nu rS eredslp nu . 'aurol alralrp qns 'loJcuoc plseJtueul as .

il

:riglar.rdord allnu rpur ur.rd gzeezueloeJeJ os etJale6 #

'pseozeE eorels 15 EplLloll earels 'pptlos Ear-els:luns areEerBe ap ilpls eleledrcuud 'elle1e4 'gr-useld ap EruroJ qns el6esgE os slo^tuf1urp ErJoteu ulp 0/o86 alsed 'alrqelllBeu rielrt-uec u1a16asgB as eurseld lugulpd ed r6a6

'nudold u nlon tcr u'gr.r.r.ro;roru ale nu erJalpu 'pwsold ap aJels uI .

'unlo^ tnlose aleolPz-undsaroc etuJol pugnl 'ltqtuodsrp uunlon

lnBarlulqdnco erJoleu 'osoozD? aJels uI'psnd else aJeo uJ rnlnsel eutoJ el

rep 'xl; urnlo^ orP eualBur 'pp!tl1!l alels uI'axrl Pr.uloJ

15 tunlon oJe puolpru 'ppllos alpls uI'grurol r5

unlon uud glezueloEJeo purl arels areoa4'ereEarBe op upls nrled ur glurze.rd as eualeN

'ernleu urp JoltJprulolsuEJl Jolnlnleslns ornlrlsuoc rs rou ap luapuadeput plstxa elseaov 'otlaleu utp ]tnlpJle also lnsle^-tu1-1 'pteoluo3ul ou ac Baac lol leuuasop olso areo uud lereueB lnueuilal also BtJalpN

/|

'(81) lnuerBolrl olsa 'IS uJ'pseul nrluad grns-pur op palelrun 'd.roc lnun elilaur eleosput aJec plplueuepunl gctz4 EautJptu also ese6

'(ru) qnc lnrloru elsa (19) liplun ep leuorieu.rolut lnuotsts uJ tnlnLunl-oA e PlnsPU ap ealelun 'uJnlol Blrunu porzrl eaurJpur uud lernspu alsa nrieds ul dtocun ep lednco lnJol 'crzr; d.roc un glurzardeJ tJotqo aouo po leignul te 'pctzrl ap alalo el

lereuropuerl rSeleo5rur pnurluoo u1a13asgF es .

laudo.rd gseu glurzeld .inrieds un gdnco .

YTNVTSSnS'duoJ 'lIUttvlt

EluElsqnS 'a!ralEN

elap lui

SubstanaturS,

rentru a faci[ita studiuI substantelor cunoscute, a[ cdror numdr este apreciat ta 12 miti-- r-e, au fost realizate clasificiriale acestora utitizAnd mai mutte criterii.

.,stfe[, dupd natura [or, substanle[e chimice se clasif ica in doud categorii: substante anor-: : - ce si substante organice.

nlete din regnul mineral sunt denumite substanle anorganice. Acestea exista in, dar se pot ob!ine 9i industria[ sau in [aborator.

-':mp[e de substante anorganice: sare de bucdtdrie, apa, fiel dioxid de carbon, argint, aur etc.

Sare de bucdtirie Pititurd de fier

Substanlele organice sunt compugi atcdtui!i, ?n principa[, din carbon si hidrogen, dar potconline in cantitdli mai mici 9i oxigen, azot, clor etc. Sunt caracteristice regnu[ul vegetalsau animat, dar pot fi oblinute gi artificiat, in industrie sau laborator.

: xemp[e de substanle organice: zahir, proteine, vitamine, alcoot, acetond, grisimi, clorofiti etc.

DACA VREI SA STIIMAI MUTT...

Friedrich Wcihter(1800 - 1882)

Termenul de chimie

organicd a fost folositpentru prima dati deJakob Berzelius, in

tratatu[ siu de chimie(1808). Pionierul chimieiorganice este considerat,totugi, chimistuI german

Friedrich Wiihler, care inanu[ 1828 ob!ine pentruprima oarl ?n laboratorureea, o substanll produsdin organismele animale.PAni atunci se credeaci substanlele organicese pot formain corpulanimalelor 9i plantetor

doar sub influenla ,,for!eivitate", o forli de originedivinS. E[ a demonstrat cdaceasti teorie este falsi,atunci cAnd a preparat

artificiat ureea (substan!iorganici), folosind numaisubstan!e anorganice.

Zahdr Vitamine Ctorof ii5

in prezent, numdruI substantelor organice sintetizate ?n [aborator si reatizate prin procesetehnologice [a scard industriala este foarte mare. Mase[e plastice si cauciucuIsintetic suntdoar doud exemp[e de substante organice cu importantd practicA deosebitd, sintetizateindustria[.

t;. Copiazi pe caiet figuri[e geontetrice de maijos. Scrie, in fiecar-e dintre

acestea, exemple[e corespunzitoare din ce[e enumerate in coloana A.

Piatra-vAnitaCardmiddCui de f ierCimentZahdrMortarInel de aurAzot

s Sare debucdtirie

10 Alcoolrr Su[frz Ceramicdm Argintr+ Clorofild:.s Ce[ulozd

Corpuri

A!-gint

-

aealsole allulp eallqosoop also are] aauourouoJ Enop.iolof, elnleu allut altqasoapool^ qlslxf a3 elnBl+ uJ IEC eq t6 e alunBr; u1 aletiuaprna ]uns rnlnuuol ole UErxlolsuEll oJ

;co1 ad esnd aleuual lnrgdsrp ne apun 'esnuac ap gpeLrgrB glLx o alsa tnln3ol Er.rlrn ute^rasqo aleod reu as af, ]ol'tz enop y'r16anod snds e1 atqu.!a] ps l5 gplec gut^ap gs elo+s-ourle ef, nrlued 'alaf,Jns rs col ep uulal ap uer-u rigcnq enole3 ap leop otonou alsf .,,elpqe+ap lnJol" alse oseoulnlj leu alal alaluarrjotu ellutp lnun'plpqel u1 tecald rlse puec,e;e1

iuH^rasqo PS

'af,tzu ouauoualap eldLuaxa ]uns autl op len]f,ala lnluauuedxe u1 aleriuept^o eolpsuopuoc rs eetetoden3

'aJ!z!I auououol osotunu es roleiuelsqns erirzodruof, pqurLl3s nu arpo olrlprxro+supl1 "'auououol csaunu as eleiuelsqns Elalns al alm ed aluptu.rolsuetl "

'pp!qoll oJels uJ uoden ap alels utp pug3aJl .lesuopuoo e-srode 'uoden ap pzel uJ Eplqoll pzel urp pugoarl '1e;odena e-s plseoov 'erirzodr.uoo ]mrlpotune-t nu ste3 uBrutoJSUeJl ltJolns e rg

lnreqed urp lerirur lncolsoue uJ glElle ede urp eped gotznlsuoS

'zg rnlnreqed rrie:ed ad .gplqcrl alels ut'nou urp'glnuriqo 1so; e tg

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(t) ruEluaulredxa q5

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t1t5 teec uJPlloztp as lnrPLlez:urA uJpuuoJsueJl as rS qzealueuJol lnlsnu :tnlnlos ealtnlpoleuJ Pllul t5 csezallnd euueol pe3 arec olazunJl irnlnlugn p 'rade eaunrice qns plepoJs alsoeoug]S :roleiuelsqns ls tolundloJ ole tJgruJolsueJl luaueuured cnpo.rd os BJnleu uI 'aleulol-sueJl 16 elec6tu Pnutluoo o-r1u1a16espB es gc eoaJp olsa tatJaleul elriglarrdotd erlurp eu1

ilac!u!rlc auououoJ'oc!z!l ouoruouoJ

elep ttlS

.rolazunrl ea.rza)lnd

.roll]uels eauntzo.tf

Si experirnentSm (2)

', Cu un cleste de metat, ia o panglici de magneziu si intro-du-o in flacdra unei spirtiere.

: Pune produsuI rezultat in urma arderii pe o stic[5 de ceas.

' Urmdreste transformiri[e care au [oc. Nu privi direct inf tacird.

. Noteazi observatiile in caiet.

- .terpretarea rezultateLorYagneziuI arde cu ftaciri aIbd, orbitoare.:n urma arderii se formeazi o pulbere, de culoare a[bd, cu:roprietili noi 9i compozilie diferitd fald de cea a substan-:ei initiale,

.- o nr[uziePrin ardere, magneziuI a suferit o transformare care i-a modificat compozifia.

Arderea magneziutui

Transformiri[e care modifici compozi!ia substanlelor, conducAnd [a alte substan!ecu compozilie giinsugiri noi, se numesc fenomene chimice.Fenomenele chimice se numesc si reactii chimice.

Fenomenele chimice sau reacliile chimice pot fi observate zilnic. in activitdlite noastreuzuale, folosim produse care sunt rezu[tatuI unui [an! de reaclii chimice. De exemplu:

reacliile chimice conduc [a oblinerea sdpunului (fig. alqi a pastei de dinli (fig. b), produsepe care tu [e folosegti zilnic;reaclii[e chimice stau [a baza extragerii unui metaldintr-un minereu (fig. c);reacliile chimice stau [a baza oblinerii medicamentetor (fig. d);reaclia de ardere a combustibililor face posibitd deplasarea autovehicutelor, a avioanelor,a vapoarelor etc.;in urma unui [an1de reaclii chimice se oblin masele p[astice (fig. e), detergenlii (fig. f),ingrigdmintele chimice, erbicidele (fig. *; gifoarte multe alte produse pe care le cunogti.

t;Noteazi pe caiet cAte trei exemple de fe-nomene fizice si chimice intAlnite ?n vialade zi cu zi.

Formeazi o echipd impreuna cu cotegut/colega de bancd.

in careuIatiturat, citind pe orizontatd, peverticald 9i pe diagonatd, veli descoperizece cuvinte care denumesc fenomene.

Asocia!i fiecirui cuvAnt descoperit in ca-reu, care denumegte un fenomen, un a[tcuvAnt, ales de voi, ce indicd o substantacare poate fi supusi ace[ui fenomen.

DFCI EAZRSOMULEBVN LAT IRAMERAUERSWEZJO

ONDENSAREVSNOPLEDKRVIMABVEQCWZAIDASRTOPIREPUSLJMHEGOBYMTRPEMRLUAELSUVAITMBFNCNRMALTBGUREAlCDI LATAREYKARDEREE

::i-romene fizice. Fenornene ch i rlice 1'7L4