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New challanges in citrus research: from varietal innovation to genome
Concetta Licciardello, Giuseppe Russo, Marco Caruso, Paola Caruso
Centro di ricerca per l’agrumicoltura e le colture mediterranee (Acireale – CT)
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CREA-ACM: Citrus germplasmRootstocks
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The diffusion of Citrus tristezavirus (CTV) lead to the use of new rootstocks, alternative to sour orange, such as citrangesTroyer, Carrizo and C35.
Carrizo citrange
Sour orange
Troyer citrangeC35
CREA-ACM released 3 hybrids of Citrus latipes X Poncirus trifoliata (P5P12, F6P12, F6P13).F6P12 was patented in 2012.
A great potentiality to face the Greening, collaborationwith Citrus Research and Education Center (University of Florida)
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CREA-ACM: Citrus germplasmRootstocks
Sweet oranges
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5
Blood oranges
MORO
SANGUINELLO
TAROCCO
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November December January February March April May
Tarocco clones: calendar of maturation
Tapi Nuc.
Nuc. 57-1E-1
TDV Nuc.
Gallo Nuc. C898 and VCR
Dal Muso M403
Ippolito M507 and VCR
Scirè D2062 and VCR
Lempso C5787 and VCR
Sciara Nuc. C1882
Meli Nuc. 8158
S. Alfio and Messina
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TDV NUC.
TAPI NUC.
GALLO NUC. C898
LEMPSO NUC. C 5787 ROSSO VCR
IPPOLITO M 507
SCIARA NUC. C1882 MELI NUC. C 8158
MESSINA NUC. C 2014
Some of the most widespread Tarocco clones atripening
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Navel oranges: calendar of maturation
October November December January February March April May June
Fukumoto
Newhall Nuc.A951 and VCR
Navelinad VCR
Thomson Nu.
Fisher
Cara Cara
Brasiliano Nuc.93
Washington CESS 3033
Lanelate C2621 and VCR
Chislett
Powell
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Triploid mandarins
♀ ♂2x × 4x
clementine Tarocco• Easy-peeling• Presence of anthocyanin• SeedlessTACLE
• Thorny, • Pre-harvesting fruit drop to
control
EU Patent 2001/156 ALKANTARA
EU Patent 2004/0075
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Triploid mandarins
MANDARED
♀ ♂2x × 4x
clementine Tarocco
Pre-harvesting fruit drop to control
EU Patent 2004/0072
• Easy-peeling• Presence of anthocyanin• Seedless
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Triploid mandarins
EARLY SICILY 20 NovembreSWEET SICILY15th November
♀ ♂2x × 4x
clementine Tarocco
• High productivity, scarcely thorny• Strong attachment to the peduncle
• Juice content: 49%
• Shape: spheric or slighy elongated• Weight 180-210 gr.
• Shape: oblate• Weight: 150-180 gr.
EU Patent. 2012/0557EU Patent 2012/0556
• Easy-peeling• Presence of anthocyanin• Seedless
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Triploid mandarins
MANDALATE
♀ ♂2x × 4x
Fortune mandarin
Avana mandarin
• Weight: 100 gr.• Juice content: 50%• Acidity: 1.67%
EU Patent 2004/0074
• Easy-peeling• Presence of anthocyanin• Seedless
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October November December January February March April
Pigmented triploid mandarins: calendar of maturation
Early Sicily
Sweet Sicily
AlkantaraTacle
Mandared
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A. The CREA-ACM germplasm includes also new highlypigmented Moro selections. They could be evaluatedin various environmental conditions to study theevolution of the anthocyanin content and maturityratio, to select earlier or later clones compared to thestandard ones.
What can we offer to the enterprises and producers?
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What can we offer to the enterprises and producers?B. New hybrids:• clementine x sweet orange (Moro/Tarocco) highly
pigmented, interesting and useful for nutraceuticalpurposes
• clementine x grapefruit, innovative for low naringinand furanocoumarin and high juice content (>50%).
OTA9
D2238
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What can we offer to the enterprises and producers?
C. The possibility to evaluate new putative Taroccoclones obtained through induced mutagenesis (gammaray)
Scirè D2062
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What can we offer to the enterprises and producers?D. New choice of Tarocco clones
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What can we offer to the enterprises and producers?
E. The new segment of Ornamental Citrus Plants
ARCOBAL(Meyer lemon × Doppio sanguigno
orange – 19 Patent 2012)
Moro orange × Avana mand. (AMOA 8)
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The Citrus GENOME
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«TRUE» SPECIES
SECONDARY SPECIES
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1. Navel Cara Cara2. Navel Lanelate Nuc.C 26113. Shamouti4. Ovale Nuc.5. Valencia Campbell S2G 18 19 Nuc.6. Navel Cara Cara Lindcove7. Belladonna8. Vaniglia Biondo 9. Vaniglia Sanguigno10. Moro non pigmentato Nuc.11. Moro Nuc. 58 8D 1 Russo12. Moro VCR13. Tarocco Ferreri acidless 14. Tarocco Lempso C Nuc.15. Tarocco TDV16. Tarocco Ippolito VCR17. Tarocco Meli C 8158 Nuc.18. Doppio Sanguigno19. Sanguinello Comune20. Sanguinello Moscato R I
The resequencing of 20 sweet oranges genotypes
Acidicand Acidless
varieties
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1. Navel Cara Cara2. Navel Lanelate Nuc.C 26113. Shamouti4. Ovale Nuc.5. Valencia Campbell S2G 18 19 Nuc.6. Navel Cara Cara Lindcove7. Belladonna8. Vaniglia Biondo 9. Vaniglia Sanguigno10. Moro non pigmentato Nuc.11. Moro Nuc. 58 8D 1 Russo12. Moro VCR13. Tarocco Ferreri acidless 14. Tarocco Lempso C Nuc.15. Tarocco TDV16. Tarocco Ippolito VCR17. Tarocco Meli C 8158 Nuc.18. Doppio Sanguigno19. Sanguinello Comune20. Sanguinello Moscato R I
The resequencing of 20 sweet oranges genotypes
The knowledge of the genetic diversity of a single variety, in the (near) future will be useful for:• traceability• associating an agronomic character to a mutation
event
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1. Navel Cara Cara2. Navel Lanelate Nuc.C 26113. Shamouti4. Ovale Nuc.5. Valencia Campbell S2G 18 19 Nuc.6. Navel Cara Cara Lindcove7. Belladonna8. Vaniglia Biondo 9. Vaniglia Sanguigno10. Moro non pigmentato Nuc.11. Moro Nuc. 58 8D 1 Russo12. Moro VCR13. Tarocco Ferreri acidless 14. Tarocco Lempso C Nuc.15. Tarocco TDV16. Tarocco Ippolito VCR17. Tarocco Meli C 8158 Nuc.18. Doppio Sanguigno19. Sanguinello Comune20. Sanguinello Moscato R I
The resequencing of 20 sweet oranges genotypes
Acidicand Acidless
varieties
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What is the gene controlling the redpigmentation of citrus fruit?
JIC (Norwich)
CREA-ACM
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?
?RUBY
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RUBY
LTR
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Citrus limon
The fruit-specificity of Ruby gene in sweetorange
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Why Ruby and (mostly) LTR are so important?
In our breeding programmes, with a simplegenetic amplification of DNAs from young
plants, we are now able to identify the hybridsthat will produce pigmented fruits
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Vitamin C in citrus: what is new!D-Glucose 1P
UDP- D- Glucose
UDP-D-Glucuronate
D-Glucuronate-1P
D-Glucuronate
L-Gulonate
GlucuronateD-Gulose-6P
GME
L-GalactoseD-Fructose 6P
Man-6-phosphate isomerase
D-Mannose 6P
phosphomannomutase
D-Mannose 1P
GDP-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase GMP
GDP-D-Mannose
GDP-mannose-3,5-epimerase GME
GDP-L-Galactose
GDP-L-galactose-pyrophosphorylase GGP
L-Galactose-1P
L-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase GPP
L-Galactose
GDP-L-galactose dehydrogenase GDH
L-ascorbateoxidase AO
Monodehydroascorbate
Monodehydro ascorbatereductase MDHAR
Dehydroascorbate
Dehydroascorbatereductase DHAR Recycling
and Degradation
H2O2
H2O
L-ascorbateperoxidase APX
L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase GLDH
Methylgalacturonate
methyl-esterase
D-Galacturonate
L-galacturonic acid reductase GalUR
L-Galactonate
Galacturonate
L-Galactono-1,4-lactone
aldono-lactonase
L-Ascorbic Acid
Myo-inositol
Myo-inositolMyo-Inositoloxygenase MyoOx
Myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase MyoIFS
GDP-LguloseNucleotite
pyrophosphataseL-gulose 1-P
Sugar phosphatase
L-guloseL-galactose
dehydrogenase
L-Gulose
L-Gulono-1,4-lactone
L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase GulLO
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Blood genotypes
Common genotypes
Vitamin C in citrus: what is new!
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31
Thanks for your attention