New American Diplomacy
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Transcript of New American Diplomacy
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New American Diplomacy
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Theodore Roosevelt’s Rise to Power
• William McKinley’s success in recovering the economy won him the reelection in 1900– He chose Theodore Roosevelt as his VP
• On September 6, 1901, McKinley was assassinated by Leon Czolgolz (anarchist)
• Roosevelt (42) became the youngest President ever
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Theodore Roosevelt’s Rise to Power
• His war record and charisma won him the vice presidency– Republicans hope this
position would calm his reform-minded spirit
• Now they worried that this “cowboy” would run the country into the ground
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Roosevelt Becomes President• He brought great
enthusiasm and energy to the White House
• Became a strong supporter of US imperialism
• A believer in Anglo-Saxonism
• He intended to make the US a world power
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American Diplomacy in Asia
• By 1899, the US had the 3rd largest Navy in the world.– Made them capable of exerting power anywhere
in the world
• In Asia the concern was commerce, not conquest.
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The Open Door Policy
• In 1894, war had erupted between China and Japan (over Korea).
• Everyone expected China to win as Japan was new to the modern world– However it was Japan who was victorious
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The Open Door Policy
• The treaty they signed allowed Korean independence, and gave Japan territory in Manchuria.
– This greatly worried Russia because Manchuria bordered it
• Russia made Japan give it back, then forced China to lease it to Russia instead
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The Open Door Policy
• Germany, France, and Great Britain demanded “leaseholds” (when the owner of some land allows someone else to occupy it).– Each leasehold became the center of a country’s
sphere of influence
• President McKinley supported The Open Door Policy– All countries should be allowed to trade with China
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The Open Door Policy
• There were requests sent to all countries with leaseholds in China that asked not to discriminate against countries who wanted to trade with China inside the leaseholds.
– They all agreed as long as every other leaseholder did
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The Boxer Rebellion• While debates over who
should control China continued, a group known as The Boxers were organizing to get rid of foreign control
• The Boxer Rebellion:– Member seized foreign
embassies in Beijing• Killing more than 200 foreigners
and taking others prisoners
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Boxer Rebellion
• In August, 1900 an international force stepped in and squashed the rebellion
• The US encouraged leaseholders to not use this as an excuse to break up China into colonies– Instead they accepted compensation for the
damages
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Balancing Power in East Asia
• Theodore Roosevelt supported the Open door policy– Worked to prevent any single nation from
monopolizing trade there
– In the years following the boxer rebellion, US and Japanese relations got worse
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Balancing Power in East Asia
• In 1907, Roosevelt sent 16 battleships to tour the world– Meant to showcase the US Navy’s power
• Known as The Great White Fleet
• When the tour made a stop in Japan, it only made matters worse.
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The Great White Fleet
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A Growing Presence in the Caribbean
• Roosevelt believed that showcasing military might would force nations to think twice about fighting (“speak softly and carry a big stick)
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The Panama Canal• In 1903, Roosevelt acquired the Panama canal zone from
France
– France had attempted to dig it in 1881 to save time and money for commercial and military shipping
• At the time, Panama was still a part of Colombia– Colombia refused the $10 million proposal by the US to
construct the canal
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Revolt In Panama
• Many Panamanians were angry at Colombia for preventing the commercial benefits of the canal.
• They decided that the only way to ensure construction would be to declare independence and stage an uprising.
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Revolt In Panama
• Roosevelt sent the Navy to prevent Colombian interference.
• Within a few weeks a treaty was signed – Allowed for the
construction of the Panama Canal
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Roosevelt Corollary
• Stated that the US would intervene in Latin American affairs when necessary.
– In order to maintain economic and political stability in Western Hemisphere.
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Roosevelt Corollary
• Many Latin American nations resented the growing American presence – Regardless, William Howard Taft (Roosevelt’s
successor) continued the policies
• Taft focused less on military force and more on helping L.A. industry
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Dollar Diplomacy
• Taft promoted dollar diplomacy– By promoting development in L.A. & Asia, the US
can benefit by increasing markets, trade, and profits.
– Also the countries in Asia and L.A. could rise out of poverty and social order
• He said he was substituting bullets for dollars