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Transcript of New advances in the industry
European Journal of Education and Learning, Vol.6, 2009
ISSN(paper)2668-3318 ISSN(online)2668-361X
www.BellPress.org
1
The forms of Students’ Resistance in Public Universities of Bangladesh:
A case study on Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
Mohammed Thanvir Ahmed Chowdhury,
Senior Lecturer (Sociology), Department of Business Administration, Leading University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Abstract
The domination of power and resistance in against is a common phenomenon at most of the public
universities in Bangladesh. To develop an understanding of educational domination, studies are
needed to see how specific mechanisms operate in different national education systems and in
occupational groups. Turning to the scenario of ‘Shahjalal University of science and Technology’ has
not been found, out of these practices. From the very beginning of this university, different types of
political and non political movement urged from both students and teachers community which were
not supposed to be by constitution and do not have publicly manifested. Sometimes movements were
formed with spontaneous participation of deprived/oppressed groups to secure their rights in
University and some were motivated by different political groups for own interests. But most of the
cases emerge from hidden intention of many beneficiary groups which go against the university rules
and to some extent violate the “Shahjalal University Ordinance Act, 1987”. Due to political unrest,
sometime university remains closed and academic year become lengthy. Thus to pursue a four years
honors course, at least six years are needed to pass. Henceforth, it is very important to find out the gap
between unexpressed true problems of public university (hidden transcript) and the formal system of
university structure (public transcript).
Key Words: Hidden transcript, Public Transcript, Resistance
1. Introduction
While the importance of education and domination in the reproduction of social hierarchy has often
been demonstrated, a precise understanding of its role has been elusive. Comparative studies reveal
considerable variation in educational processes, but lack of sufficient information make unable to
systematically map this variation. To develop an understanding of educational domination, studies are
needed to see how specific mechanisms operate in different national educational systems, and in
occupational groups.
“If the EXPRESSION ‘Speak truth to power’ still has a utopian ring to it, even in modern
democracies, this is surely because it is so rarely practiced. The dissembling of the weak in the face of
power is hardly an occasion for surprise. It is ubiquitous. So ubiquitous, in fact, that it makes an
appearance in many situations in which the short of power being exercised stretches the ordinary
meaning of power almost beyond recognition.” (Behind the official story, James Scott.)
European Journal of Education and Learning, Vol.6, 2009
ISSN(paper)2668-3318 ISSN(online)2668-361X
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For our economic growth and overall national development the first and foremost pre-requisite is
education. Illiteracy and non-availability of adequately educated manpower are the two major causes
of underdevelopment. However, it is recognized that ensuring primary education for all is only a
necessary but not sufficient condition. It needs to be complemented by higher education. While high
literacy rate is fundamental requirement for a country’s development, higher education virtually
determines its social, political, economic, and technological progress.The problems of higher
education have also been studied by many individuals and organizations, including the University
Grant Commission. Higher education is considered as basic education these days since skills are
required to be attained comprehensive knowledge. In this respect, the UN declaration on Human
Rights 1948 put higher education as a fundamental human right.
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology is a well known public university in Bangladesh.
Many students passed from this university who are now well established in various governmental and
non-governmental sectors of Bangladesh. Students from different parts of this country and outside of
the country come to this university with a view to studying with very high ambition. Guardian of the
student put admits their child into this residential university along with dream so that they can be well
educated and successful in their life.
But now the entire dream from both student and guardian are going to the vile dust. Although
according to the university ordinance act, the main purpose of the university is to teach students and
only academic studies. But the reality does not exist like this. This is really a problematic matter and
yet to discover the hidden problems of public universities. Henceforth, I am interested to explore the
hidden truth and this paper is my first step to scan out the current problems of public universities.
1.1 Hidden Transcript We shall use the term Hidden Transcript to characterize discourse that takes
place offstage, beyond direct observation by power holders. The hidden transcript is thus derivative in
the sense that it consists of those offstage speeches, gestures, and practices that confirm, contradict, or
inflect what appears in public views.
1.1.2 Public Transcript The subordinate discourse in the presence of the dominant is a public
transcript, which forms domination based on premise or claim to inherent superiority by ruling elites
would seem to depend heavily on lavish display, sumptuary laws and public acts of difference or
tribute by subordinates.
1.1.3 Resistance Any kind of collective movement or loud speech against the domination or regular
activities in Shahjalal University of Science and Technology.
2. Objectives of the study
The broad objective of this study is to explore the ‘process of resistance’ in Shahjalal University of
Science and Technology.
More specific objectives are-
European Journal of Education and Learning, Vol.6, 2009
ISSN(paper)2668-3318 ISSN(online)2668-361X
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1. To explore different types of academic domination and resistance in this university;
2. To understand the processes, how and to what extent political resistances are being formed in
Shahjalal University;
.
3. Some noteworthy Literature
In this study, the main goal is to reveal the process of resistance in Shahjalal University of Science and
Technology which may remain behind the official statements. According to James Scott’s theory, by
assessing the discrepancy between the hidden transcript and public transcript we may begin to judge
the impact of domination on public discourse (Behind the official story, 1985). There are many severe
problems griped up the smooth running system of the universities in Bangladesh. As it becoming
common phenomena, the academic and other scholastic practices are being hampered. Turning to the
scenario of most public universities, we may realize the existing condition of domination and
resistance. Especially the political domination of administration, teachers group and many students
organization give a malfunctioning shape to many universities. In addition, different types of
movements from both teacher side and students group/organization contribute to create session jam in
academic years. Thus students become monotonous to study and sometimes get involve into anti
social or anti law activities. Consequently, to secure congenial atmosphere in university, it is needed to
study the hidden transcripts (like political unrest, academic and administrative domination, various
political and non-political movements, nepotism and illegal activities etc.). The participants of
different movement can be identified into three categories-------
1. Direct and actively involved in politics and many movements.
2. Involved in movements but not in politics.
3. Neither involved in movements or politics, only supporters.
3.1 Some Public Transcripts of Shahjalal University
The study area ‘Shahjalal University of Science and Technology’ is situated in Sylhet district, the
north-east part of Bangladesh. The name of the place is Tukerbazar-Kumar Gaon, about five kilometer
away from Sylhet town towards the Sunamgonj road. The total size of the campus is 320 Acre.
The name “Shahjalal University of Science and Technology” was approved in national assembly on
18 March, 1987. There are five academic buildings where seven schools of studies are being thought,
a big library, administrative building, registrar building, a bank, student and teachers cafeteria, an
auditorium, teachers club are available in the campus. There are three residential student hall (1st chatri
hall, Shahporan hall and 2nd
chatra hall) accommodate approximately 2000 students. The remaining
students live in many private Hostel and rental houses near by the University campus.
3.1.2 Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Act, 1987
According to SUST Act, 1987,
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In Article36-1,
University will have a disciplinary board and
In article36-2,
The formation, power and the activities of this disciplinary board will be maintained by university act.
In article 37, University teachers---
(a) Speech, tutorial, discussion, seminar and workshop will be the method of teaching.
(b) Teachers will give direction and supervise research activities
(c) Teachers will keep contact with the student personally and will advise them as well as
supervise their activities.
(d) Teachers will assist authority to prepare the syllabus of university and its other partner
institutions, exam date fixation and maintenance, marking on exam paper and research paper,
and to assist library and lab maintenance.
(e) Teachers will do other duties assign by constitution or vice-chancellor, dean or head of
discipline.
In article 49, Exam—
(1) Exam controller will take all arrangement of exam maintenance under the general control of
vice chancellor.
(2) Academic council will appoint exam committees. The structure of exam committee, its power
and activities will be directive according to the university act.
(3) If any examiner fail to do his duties in any reason about any matter, then vice-chancellor will
appoint a new examiner to fill up this vacant post.
In article 50, Exam system/method------
(1) Exam will take in course cum credit system.
(2) Whole syllabus will be divided into few subjects and mark will be given after the successful
completion of each subject and exam.
(3) The degree will be awarded after the summation of mark obtained in each subject.
In article 51, Conditions of employment---
(1) Every salaried teacher or officer of the university will be appointed with a written deed. This
employment deed will be preserved in university treasury and a copy of this deed will be
provided to the respective teacher or officer.
(2) The employment conditions would be selected without ignoring the freedom of political
opinion of any teacher or officer. But s/he cannot broadcast his /her opinion or cannot involve
himself/herself with any political organization.
(3) If any teacher or officer wishes to be a candidate in parliamentary election, s/he has to resign
his/her job before submitting nomination.
European Journal of Education and Learning, Vol.6, 2009
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(4) If any teacher or officer of the university is found in absence of duties, misbehaved,
immorality or skill less, then s/he can be fired or suspended or be given any other punishment
according to the university act. But s/he cannot be fired or punished until the claim against
him is proved by investigation or unless he gets the chance of surrender himself or herself.
3.1.3 Tofsil (First constitution of University)
In article 4, Discipline
(1) Every school will form with few selected disciplines.
(2) Every head of the discipline will be appointed by rotation for three years by vice-chancellor
among the professors of this discipline.
(3) If there is no professor is found in this discipline, then head will be appointed among the
associate professors with seniority by rotation for three years.
Explanation: The seniority will be treated as per designation and status, and if two persons’
designation status are found in same, then seniority will be maintained by the highest job duration
in the same post.
(4) The head of the discipline with the help of other members will be responsible for his planning
and coordinating in his discipline under the general supervision of dean.
(5) Time to time the direction from vice-chancellor and academic council, the head of the
discipline will be liable to concerned dean for class and research management in his
discipline.
In article 6, Selection Board—
(1) To recruit professor or associate professor a selection board will form with-----------
(a) vice-chancellor; who will be the chairman of this board.
(b) Three experts will be selected by vice-chancellor among which at least one must
be from a foreign university.
(c) Two experts will be selected by Chancellor
(d) To recruit professor two member will be selected from syndicate.
(2) To recruit assistant professor or lecturer, selection board will form with--------------
(a) Vice-chancellor; who will be the chairman of this board. But if any pro vice-
Chancellor is available then he will be the chairman in this board.
(b) The dean of the respective school.
(c) Head of the discipline.
(d) Two experts will be selected by syndicate.
(3) The selection board will be reformed by every three years interval.
(4) If the syndicate does not agree with the recommendation of selection board, then it will be decided
by the chancellor and his decision is final.
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3.1.4 Ordinance for Semester System for Bachelor’s degree
Article 2.1- Number of semesters: There will be two semesters (1st semester and 2
nd semester) in an
academic year. The beginning and end of each semester will be announced in an academic calendar at
the beginning of every academic year.
Article 2.2- Duration of Semesters: The duration of each semester will be as follows:
Classes 12 weeks
Recess before final examination 2 weeks
Final Examination, grading etc. 5 weeks
Total 19 weeks
These 19 weeks may not be contiguous to accommodate various holidays.
4. Review of Pertinent Literature
Teachers are told the amount of time they are to spend with each class- say fifty-five minutes, five
times a week. Even though they are expected to be competent scholars, they are rarely trusted with the
selection of the texts and teaching materials they are to use. Teachers are rarely consulted, much less
given significant authority, over the rules and regulations governing the life of their school. These
usually come from “downtown.” rarely do they have any influence over which their immediate
colleagues will be; again downtown decides. Teaching often lacks a sense of ownership, a sense
among teachers working together that the school is theirs. (Page 184, Cultural capital and Educational
attainment, P.Dimaggio & J Mohr, Yale University)
Schools operate as if consultants, school district experts, textbook authors, trainers and distant officials
possess more relevant expertise than teachers in the schools. Bureaucratic management of schools
proceeds from the view that teachers lack the talent of motivation to think for themselves. (“Text of
Carnegie Report” 1986, 11)
These recent initiatives point to complex and often contradictory forces affecting schools and teachers.
The issue of increasing teacher control has surfaced simultaneously with increasing centralization of
decision making, in part of a response to the pressure for accountability. Patterns of organizational
management that takes decision making away from teachers and that impose curricula and methods on
teachers are a reflection of the same patterns of domination and powerlessness that characterize
existing reality. ( Seth Kreisberg, “Transforming Power” Suny press publisher).
Christine Morley explores some of the responsibilities and challenges that face social work educators
who teach critical practice to social work students. Morley suggested that using critical reflection may
enhance social work educators’ capacity to prepare practitioners to work towards progressive social
change and social justice, despite current social trends, such as globalization, which potentially
marginalize critical practice. It was a reflective account of his experiences of teaching critical
reflection to undergraduate social work students. It is ultimately contended that critical reflection is an
European Journal of Education and Learning, Vol.6, 2009
ISSN(paper)2668-3318 ISSN(online)2668-361X
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important part of social work education and practice that is committed to enhancing citizenship,
human rights, social justice and social change ideals.
( Christine Morley, June2008 , p407 – 421)
DiMaggio’s article is also notable for the particular place it assigns to cultural capital in the process of
status attainment. Indeed, much of the article is devoted to demonstrating that his measures of cultural
capital is associated with the grade students receive independently of standardized test scores, and to
comparing the magnitudes of these effects.
A different understanding animates the work of Farkas, Grobe, Sheehan and Shaun. Eschewing the
notion of an elite status culture, they conceptualize cultural capital in terms of “Informal academic
standards by which teachers reward more general skills, habit, and styles,” They measure it by means
of indicators of school behavior, academic habits and motivation (homework completion, dress and
disruptiveness)
schools are viewed not necessarily as neutral institutions, but as ones in which the preferences,
attitudes and behaviors of the “dominant class” are most highly valued. Although lower and working
class children may certainly acquire the knowledge and skill necessary to succeed in school, they are
less likely to achieve the same neutral familiarity that middle and upper class students have and thus
are more likely to fail academically.( Lamont and Lareau 1988)
5. Methodology
In this study, descriptive research design is followed. I have tried to explore the process of resistance
in Shahjalal University to understand the problematic nature of higher education in public universities
of Bangladesh. Concerning the study area “Shahjalal University of Science and Technology” is
selected purposively as it is one of the renowned public universities in Bangladesh. The total
population is the summation of all teachers and students of Shahjalal University of Science and
Technology. Total number of Teachers 380 and total number of Students 8050.Hence, the total
population of the study is (380+8050) = 8430.
5.1 Sampling and sample size:
Stratified random sampling is used as a method to draw the sample size. At first the
population is divided into two strata based on their status.
Strata 1 = Total number of teachers
Strata 2 = Total number of students
Then the total sample size ‘n’ is calculated by using following formula------
n = p∙q z2/e2 ∙ deff
European Journal of Education and Learning, Vol.6, 2009
ISSN(paper)2668-3318 ISSN(online)2668-361X
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= 0.5×0.5× (1.96)2 / (0.10)2×0.5 = 48
n = Sample size
z2 = Two sided normal variants value at 95% confidence level (1.96)
e = Standard error (10%)
deff = Design effect
So, the total sample size, n = 48
Now to draw the sample size from each stratum, proportional allocation formula is used. Every
individual of the population is considered as the unit of analysis. In this study, methodological
triangulation is used. And guide questionnaire is used for case study to get in depth understanding of
the respondents. I have taken interview with respondent and went through program records with
document analysis to collect multiple sources of information.
By using a combination of observations, interviewing and document analysis, I have used different
data sources to validate and crosscheck findings. Each type of data has a strengths and weaknesses.
Using a combination of data types increases validity as the strength of one approach can compensate
the weaknesses of another approach. I have followed three basic approaches of qualitative interview.
1. The informal conversational interview
2. The general interview guide approach, and
3. The standardized open-ended interview
(Michael Quinn Patton, Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods)
6. Results and Discussion
Now adays, most of the public universities are in serious trouble. Shahjalal University is one of the
renowned universities in Bangladesh. But unfortunately Shahjalal University is not running smoothly
as it was in earlier. As per academic act, a semester must be completed along with result by six
months. But as we see, every semester continues more than six months longer. Henceforth the study
year is being extended. More ridiculously with the notice of exam date many teachers start to take
their classes and finish the course by six to eight classes. The most concerning problem of this
university is academic lingering by student politics, group conflict both from student and teachers’
side and administrative weakness. Sometimes it is created by unavoidable situation and sometimes
students willingly create such a situation which invites academic malfunctioning. Sometimes
university teachers are autocratic and very rigid. Most of the students are being seized by panic about
their potential academic years. From the teachers concern- they are always busy, but busy with own
interest not for the students welfare. As Students’ role is always submissive to the teachers. Because
they think- teacher have such a power to manipulate the result. Every student wants to make his
teacher happy so that s/he can secure a good result. But in case of any deprivation, most students can
not raise their voices loudly, because their fate is tightly tied with the kind hand of the teachers.
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Projecta (Pseudonym, age 24) is a student of English department in Shahjalal University, Sylhet. She
is a student of 2006-2007 batch. Now she is studying at fourth year second semester though she was
supposed to finish her course by this time. And she got her result up to third year first semester.
Projecta shares “In my department, some teachers are very sincere and some are not. Consequently we
start our semester exam in late and in every semester we face the same experiences.” In SUST, most of
the students are concerned about their problems but not actively concerned. All students are worried
about their study and life. Now it is taken for granted that pursuing a four years degree a student need
to pass at least six years. Sometimes students comment negatively towards even their own department
but can not oppose the decision of respective department directly. Because they do not have that
courage to say against the teacher. If they do, then severe penalty from this teacher is must. Even
sometimes students try to organize them to protect against this, but most of these initiation turns into
failure because of some student collaborators of these teachers group. As Projecta says, “I can share
my own experience, in 2008, some senior students of my department were organized and raised their
voice to take the exam in due time. Even they did lock the office of my department too. Then an
emergency meeting was called regarding the issue and it was managed.”
Provath Sorker (age 26) is a student of Economics department in Shahjalal University, Sylhet. He was
a student of 2004-2005 batch. Now he is studying at MSS second semester He has been studying in
this university since last seven years. And he did not get his MSS first semester results yet. As Provath
says, “When I got my admission in this university, I was so exited. Because, my friends, family
members, relatives-everybody was appreciating me. I thought I would be successful one. But in course
of time, I am getting exactly opposite reaction from these people. Because I was a student of 2004-
2005 batch. I already have passed almost seven years but could not complete my Masters program.
But my school and college friends who were admitted at many other private universities, they already
completed their masters and doing job as well.” Now when Provath meets his friends, he feels shy to
talk. Because he can not give any reasonable reply when they ask him about his study. More
importantly, he has a younger sister who is studying at private university, Dhaka, was a student of
2006-07 batch. But she already completed her Honors and studying at Masters too. Though she is two
years junior to Provath, but now their academic status is same. It’s really poking him much.
Sadik Ahmed (age 23) is studying at fourth year first semester of Physics department in Shahjalal
University, Sylhet. He was a student of 2007-2008 batch. He has been studying in this university since
last three and half years. And this department is running smoothly so far in contrast to others. Sadik
thinks that his batch is the luckiest batch in this university. As he thinks—“In the year 2008 and 2009,
Bangladesh was running through the Caretaker Government. Consequently, there was no political
conflict or grouping taken place in this campus. The academic activities were comparatively much
better and congenial. They have smoothly passed these two years. But the same batch students in other
departments are in serious trouble.
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Here, I would say student political grouping is most concerning problem. Secondly, academic
corruption and nepotism pushing this university more in backward position. Irregularities in classes,
result manipulation by the teachers and nepotism creates the environment more unsafe and slow. Most
of the resistance occurred politically. Some beneficiary group always seeks for the clues so that they
can make an issue. Many student leaders always try to keep the administration on pressure. And by
doing this they bring out their own benefit. Because it is obvious (for some cases) that university
authority always makes a balance with the dominant student political leaders. But ultimately all sorts
of movements go against the students’ welfare as well as against the university.
Ornab (age 22) is a student of 2008-2009 batch at Statistics department in Shahjalal University,
Sylhet. Now he is studying at Second year second semester. He has been studying in this university
since last two and half years. And his department is in trouble. And he got his first year results only.
Ornab is actively involved in politics. He thinks Student politics is mostly needed. His all other
roommates are also active in student politics. When he first came in this campus he lived in a mess.
After six months he got a seat in Shahporan Hall and since then he has been doing politics. As he
thinks—“Power is very important to survive properly. We have good access to all-teachers,
administrations any where. Consequently, we do not face problem. Besides, we have very strong unity
and we do favor to general student. We stay beside the general student when they fall in trouble. This
is not a bad practice. We can protest any irregularities. But the academic activities are very tight
scheduled here. That is why I dropped two courses in last semester. Anyway I will recover it soon. I
do believe Teachers’ political grouping is most concerning problem. They invite or create problems
and we get penalty.” Ornab thinks resistance is very important. “We have so many examples in hand
that resistance helps to protect the own right. But general students always scare about movements. In
most of the cases general students support us but do not want to stay in the front line.”
Sourav (age 25) is a student of 2005-2006 batch at Business Administration department in Shahjalal
University, Sylhet. Now he is studying at MBA first semester. He has been studying in this university
since last six years. Sourav is a meritorious student. He studied regularly in his honors program. He
was in first position up to fourth year first semester. But his honors last semester result changed his all
previous records. As Sourav explains—“Though I had very good academic relations with my teachers
but unfortunately two of them could not tolerate me. In my last semester these two teachers took two
different courses and intentionally gave me very low grade score. More ridiculously I secured highest
grade in all other courses but unfortunately I was deprived in these two courses. Consequently I
became second in my honors. Everybody in my department knows this matter. But I did not react to
this. Because I thought I have to complete MBA here. If I do complain against them they will be more
vindictive to me. Thus I remain silent.” I think academic deprivation is very dangerous. Teachers’ role
is very important in a university. If a teacher likes a student, he can be reached at peak point. And in
contrary if a teacher dislikes anyone, he will go to vile dust. This is very unfortunate and unexpected,
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but in fact these are common phenomenon. As Sourav expressed “I support students’ movement to
secure deserved right. But unfortunately sometimes a genuine case turns into a political issue.
Because, in my experience authority is always supportive towards the teacher. So it is very hard to
reveal the real fact against the domination of authority.”
Shamoly (age 24) is a student of Anthropology department in Shahjalal University, Sylhet. She was a
student of 2006-2007 batch. Now she just completed Fourth year first semester. She has been studying
in this university since last four and half years. Shamoly was very good student in her school and
college life. But after getting admission in SUST she joined in a cultural club. She passes most of the
time with her club activities and gives a poor effort to her own study. She acknowledged as- “I study
only at exam time. Because almost in every semester, my course teachers take classes seriously only at
prior to exam time. So I can manage my time for study at prior to exam date. Rest of the time I do
tuitions and give much time to my cultural club.” Actually in all public universities student politics is
the main problem. Besides this teachers grouping, session jam, and many other underlying problems
keep us uncomfortable and unsecured.” She opines “I think student can do anything if they properly be
organized and strongly motivated.” A student can not say ‘no’ to a teacher. Some teachers do
pretension always. They every time show off as an honest person but in reality they are quite opposite.
These double standard people are very vindictive. Sometimes students pass comments negatively
about these type of teachers but can not oppose them directly. Because they do not have that courage
to say against the teacher. If they do, then these teachers will be more destructive. Likewise, very
unfortunately public universities are time consuming and bring uncertainty. That is why Shamoly
determined that she will do her masters from any private university. And many of her friends have the
same plan too.
Probal (age 22)is a student of Architecture department in Shahjalal University, Sylhet. He was a
student of 2008-2009 batch. Now he is studying at second year second semester He has been studying
in this university since last two years. As Probal says—“I am happy with Shahjalal University. In
SUST Architecture department is very new but my teachers are very helpful and qualified. We face
some problems when we try to make a project- because in most cases project materials are not
available in Sylhet. Besides our library is not that reach as required. Nevertheless, my teachers try to
recover those shortages. Very importantly our department frequently arranges project display
programs. And by doing this they appreciate students if anybody does a good project work.”
Student politics, grouping, Administrative malfunctioning are common problem in a public university.
Since every individual department starts and close semester as their convenience. Hence, there is no
harmony among the departments of this university. Some departments are very smooth running and
some are in trouble. Thus students from same academic batch complete their graduation at different
times. It carries a bad impression outside the campus. I think, resistance is always destructive in a
university. It is like self killing of a student. Because any student movements is harmful for the student
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in long run. Though it is true that resistance ensures and reminds the result of irregularities. So
considering it as a protective power is positive but in many times resistance leveled as a destructive
tool of politics.
Pulok (age 23) is a student of Computer Science and Engineering department in Shahjalal University,
Sylhet. He was a student of 2007-2008 batch. Now he is studying at fourth year first semester. He has
been studying in this university since last three and half years. Pulok is a studious student. He studies
regularly and participating all academic seminars and tutorial. He is happy with the academic
environment. Pulok and his friends are lucky because during caretaker government, there was no
political unrest. University was running smoothly without any disturbance. As Pulok says “I
personally support students’ movement if it is necessary. For example, in last semester our semester
fee was much higher than previous time. General students protest this decision. We know most of the
students of public university are from middle class family. It should be a great concern of the authority
whether these students can effort these or not. But unfortunately sometimes a genuine case turns into
a political issue.”
Ashik Ahmed (26 years) is a student of 2004-2005 batch at Mathematics department in Shahjalal
University, Sylhet. Now he is studying at masters second semester. He has been studying in this
university since last six and half years. Ashik shares his experience as —“I knew earlier that public
university graduation takes time. Though I am spending my valuable seven years to complete my
masters but I have nothing to do. University system as a whole responsible for this situation. No one is
individually liable for that. University teachers, students officers all are equally responsible for
creating session jam. Students urge movements sometimes for a simple matter, university teachers do
not obey their assign duty and the officers are not performing their job perfectly. Thus this situation is
obvious. We are not repentant for that.”
Today most of the public universities in Bangladesh face the same problem. Irregularities in classes,
Delaying of result by the teachers and nepotism creates the environment more uncomfortable.
Sometimes problems created by teachers and sometimes students create such a situation which destroy
academic smoothness. Ashik Ahmed thinks most of the student voices are not expressed openly.
Students usually share their views silently. Loud speech or direct voice against the power holder is
absent. Sometimes we feel students’ movement is necessary in many sensitive cases- which go
against humanity and law.
Rasik (age 22) is a student of Bangla department (2008-2009 batch) in Shahjalal University, Sylhet.
He is studying at Second year second semester. He has been studying in this university since last two
and half years. Rasik is an active member of debating club.
Rasik is actively involved in debating club. He is studying Bangla. He is a regular student. And beside
his study he gives time to debating club. He thinks, academic environment of his department is very
congenial. He says “Session jam is a common phenomenon in public university. I console myself that
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many students are not getting chance to take the taste of public university. So we should not be tensed
more.” Student politics and their political grouping to show the power is very common and
problematic. Within the form of political government student political group try always to get benefit
from different sources. As a result, the gainer and the looser- these opposite group engaged in group
conflict. Resistance for welfare is positive. But without a valued reason it affects negatively. We must
remind that, resistance is power and power tends to corruption. Thus for valued reason students voices
should be loud and but it should not be supportive to the beneficiary group.
Siraj Uddin (age 44) is an Associate Professor of Chemistry department in Shahjalal University,
Sylhet. He was a teacher of Jahangir Nagar University. And he joined in Shahjalal University in 1999.
He has been teaching in this university since last ten years. Siraj Uddin is the eldest son in his family.
He is married. His wife is an assistant professor in a public University too. He has a son and a
daughter. His native district is Chitagong.
Siraj Uddin is senior teacher in his department. He takes classes regularly and very caring to students.
And besides his teaching he is actively involved in many administrative committees. Thus he is found
always busy. He thinks, academic environment of his department is very congenial. He says “Session
jam is a serious problem in public university. And we all are responsible for that. Because we can not
publish result in due time. We can not take semester final exam in due time. We try our level best and
sometimes we become failure to maintain the academic calendar. As he mentioned “Student unrest
and their political grouping is severely affecting the academic environment. Some defaulter students
create obstacle towards the smooth running of academic activity. Required number of faculty is also
needed.” Siraj Uddin thinks, “I must say resistance is the democratic right of the students. But the
forms of resistance must be constructive and for valued reasons. And it should be congenial towards
the environment.”
Faisal Shahriar (age 36) is an Assistant Professor of Economics department in Shahjalal University,
Sylhet. He was a student of Shahjalal University. And he joined as a lecturer in Shahjalal university in
2000. He has been teaching in this university since last nine years.
Faisal Shahriar is the only son in his family. He is married. His wife is a banker. He has a daughter.
His native district is Habiganj. Faisal Shahriar is not a popular teacher in his department. He takes
classes regularly but not friendly to students. And besides his teaching he is actively involved in
teachers’ political group. Thus he is found always busy. He thinks, current situation of Shahjalal
University is very good than the other universities. He says “Student politics is good. I was involved in
politics while studying here. But now the students’ political grouping is disturbing others.”
“Students’ political grouping, limited teachers in the faculty and the administrative shortcomings keep
this university far behind. Students never can be friend of a teacher. If so, then they will be harmful to
me. Thus I always maintain a gap with the students. I think student can be a part of resistance if they
properly be organized for their rights. Many students are not concerned about their own rights. Most of
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the time student reacts whimsically not for certain reasonable vision. And it makes us helpless
sometimes.”
Limitation of the study:
It was not an easy task for me to reveal the existing facts of public university. I acknowledge about my
limitation of this study. I selected this university purposively for the convenience to observe the
scenario. The present study will get only the insight about the problem. Further details study is
important to know the whole aspects of hidden transcript. It is difficult for me to cover all the public
universities effectively. Nevertheless I am happy with my limited resources and I will go ahead for
further research including all public universities in Bangladesh.
7. Conclusion and Recommendation
Any pattern of satisfaction provides a fairly reliable guide to who gives orders and who receives order
in that society. At the top are those who give orders to virtually all and take none, at the bottom are
those who take orders from virtually anyone and give orders to none. The problem we face in
examining a public transcript of difference- how can we estimate the impact of power relations on
action when the exercise of power is nearly constant? Hence the explorations of hidden transcripts will
reveal the truth. The hidden transcript of Shahjalal University has so many variations in kind and
practices. Many kinds of agencies are working in parallel way and boosting up a rigid autocratic
format of ideologies. The art of resistance in this University is not open enough or loudly represented.
Concerning the social or cultural issues students become exited more but they are not consciously
concern about their own fate. From this investigation, I found in almost every department that the
students are suffering much of academic deprivation and domination. But their role is always
submissive to the respective teachers. Because students fate is on teacher’s hand. Nonetheless, in
terms of any general issue students initiates a lot – human chain, movement, seminar etc. The truth
which reveals out is very dangerous.
The student politics has gripped the academic environment very badly. Many student political groups
have a good link with the dominant teachers and with administration too. Panic seizes the confidence
of guardians. Then after being a regular student of a particular department, a student starts to face
disciplinary politics- teachers’ psychology, teachers’ motive, teachers’ grouping etc. Academic
domination and deprivation begins here. Some are able to maintain this cultural capital (such
disciplinary politics), some are not. Most of the time, the deprived students remain silent without
exceptions. But in some cases students urge movements and the hidden transcripts come out with a
blast. It is true that all kind of irregularities or problems are known to students-because they share to
each other at offstage. But do not say loudly or open the mouth in formal. Students have phobia about
the power of teachers or power holders. They think, if they say against any teacher, then he might be
more vindictive and destructive. Because a student has to face a teacher several times in different
courses. Hence there is no chance to escape from there.
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In contrary, concerning the general student issues, these students become more active and are a part of
resistance. Unfortunately, very often student political leaders are being a part of general student
movements and sometimes it goes beyond control of the authority. In these cases the university remain
close and session jam creates and being extended.
Henceforth, it is high time to give higher priority to the hidden problems of public universities in
Bangladesh. Academic environment should be congenial and it should be a part of national goal truly.
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