A G U I D E T O

N E V A D A’ S Historical Markers

History of the Marker Program

In 1967, the Nevada State Legislature initiated the marker program. These roadside markers bring attention to the places, people, and events that make up Nevada’s heritage. They are as diverse as the counties they are located within and range from the typical mining boom and bust town to the largest and most accessible petroglyph sites in Northern Nevada.

A Guide to Nevada’s Historical Markers6th Edition, 2021

Acknowledgements

This guide was created by the Nevada State Historic Preservation Office. Author: Rayette Martin M.A. Photographs provided by the Special Collections and University Archives Department, University of Nevada, Reno. David J. Harrison, Ph.D. shared his vision for the booklet along with a number of videos that can be found on the Nevada DCNR YouTube channel.

Nevada State Historic Preservation Office901 South Stewart, Suite 5004; Carson City NV 89701

shpo-info@shpo.nv.gov

Cover Map: 1876 NevadaLibrary of Congress, Geography and Map Division

https://lccn.loc.gov/98688811

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NEVADA COUNTIESo

Carson City 4 Churchill 8Clark 11Douglas 18Elko 22Esmeralda 26Eureka 29Humboldt 32Lander 35

Lincoln 38Lyon 41Mineral 46Nye 48Pershing 52Storey 54Washoe 57White Pine 67

County and Page

Using this Guide 2Marker Types 3Markers by Topic 70Marker List 72

2

Maps• Maps are not to scale • North at the top of the page• Locations of markers, including the

coordinates, are approximate• An interactive map is available on the

SHPO website

1. Empire and the Carson River Mills MINING-RAILROAD Comstock Lode gold and silver ore was hauled to the mills for over 40 years. Traces of Empire and its mills can still be seen today. 39.187312, -119.706358 [stone]

QR Code Use your smartphone camera to scan it and a link will pop up. This link is for the webpage of the marker. This page contains up-to-date information on the marker. Note: This only works when your cell phone has internet service.

Marker Number

Marker Name

TopicsThe main topics of the full marker are provided in gray. Markers listed by topic can be found in the back of this guide.

Marker TypeExamples of marker types are on the next page.

CoordinatesLatitude and Longitude is provided to help locate the markers using a GPS or programs like Google Maps. The coordinates are provided in WGS 84 and are estimated to the best of our ability.

using this guide

Nevada’s State Historical Markers Website

Markers May be Missing or DamagedIt is likely the status of the markers in this book will change with time. The State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) decommissions markers when vandalism persists at certain sites or when locations are no longer appropriate. Each marker’s webpage will be updated as SHPO is informed of change. Furthermore, maintenance funds for this program are not guaranteed. Markers may retain their status, such as in production or awaiting install, for prolonged periods of time. • Before heading out, check the status

of markers on the SHPO website. Scan the QR code provided for the website or type in the URL into a browser.

• Report missing or damaged markers. Notify the SHPO office by email at shpo-info@shpo.nv.gov or by phone at (775) 684-3448

VideosSome marked locations have been highlighted in the video series, Nevada History Adventures. A playlist of these videos can be found on the nevadadcnr YouTube Channel.

https://shpo.nv.gov/nevadas-historical-markers/

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MARKER TYPES

Blue Marker38. Pahrangat Valley

Stone Marker 256. Historic Transportation

Stone Marker 15. Tonopah

On Building266. African Americans and the

Boston Saloon

Concrete247. Site of Nevada’s First Public

Library

Most of the markers across the state are large blue metal markers. However, there are a variety of other marker styles out there. For this guide they have been simplified into a few categories (blue, blue small, concrete, and stone). Sometimes, the markers are on buildings, fences, or metal stands. Be aware that each category contains its own variety as well. For example, see the two different types of stone markers pictured above.

4

CARSON CITY MAP

Downtown Carson City

5

CARSON CITY

1. Empire and the Carson River Mills MINING-RAILROAD Comstock Lode gold and silver ore was hauled to the mills for over 40 years. Traces of Empire and its mills can still be seen today. 39.187312, -119.706358 [stone]

25. Nevada’s CapitalARCHITECTURE Sandstone Victorian-era Capital building completed in 1871. 39.163897, -119.766391 [on building]

44. Carson CityCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL Description of the start of Carson City as Eagle Station and Ranch in 1851 through the placement of the state capital in 1871. 39.163924, -119.766659 [concrete]

70. Bliss MansionARCHITECTURE-PERSON Built in 1879, this was the most modern and largest home in Nevada. 39.167294, -119.772154 [blue]

71. Methodist Church of Carson CityARCHITECTURE Dedicated in 1867, this church serves a congregation that dates to 1859 and is one of Nevada’s oldest religious structures.

39.164723, -119.769636 [on building]

72. Nevada State Children’s HomeARCHITECTURE Children’s facilities first opened here in 1864. The site went through many changes but continued to serve children’s needs until 1992.39.160038, -119.764359 [blue]

75. Federal Government Building (1888-1970)ARCHITECTURE This marker is on the front of the Paul Laxalt Building. This imposing 1891 Romanesque Revival style public structure represents the first federal office building constructed in the State of Nevada. 39.166188, -119.766671 [on building]

76. Eagle ValleyCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-FIRST TELEGRAPH-RAILROAD Centrally located between Genoa and the gold and silver of the Comstock Lode, Eagle Valley, site of present Carson City, was a vital link for inland communications.39.124864, -119.767411 [blue]

77. Dat-So-La-LeeCEMETERY-PERSON-NATIVE AMERICAN Famed Washoe basket maker, Datsolalee - also known as Louisa Keyser, is buried in this cemetery along with

ARCHITECTURE (12)AVIATION (2)CE TRAIL (2)CEMETERY (1)EVENT (4)

LUMBER (3)MARK TWAIN (1)MILITARY (1)MINING (3)NATIVE AMERICAN (3)

PERSON (8)RAILROAD (4)RANCHING/FARMING (2)TELEGRAPH (1)

6

many other Washoe weavers. Utilitarian, straight-walled, decorated coiled willow basketry is a Washoe tradition extending back thousands of years. 39.117891, -119.754701 [blue]

78. Orion Clemens HomeMARK TWAIN Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) stayed in his brother Orion’s home periodically. 39.166720, -119.769604 [on building]

91. Stewart Indian SchoolARCHITECTURE-PERSON-NATIVE AMERICAN The controversial school was operated by the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs and provided vocational training and academic education for American Indian students from throughout the West for nearly a century.39.117722, -119.756290 [blue]

134. Trans-Sierran Pioneer FlightAVIATION-PERSON The first authenticated air flight over the Sierra Nevada touched down here.39.172323, -119.748925 [blue]

175. Stewart – Nye ResidenceARCHITECTURE-PERSON This sandstone house was built about 1860 and was home to many historical figures. In 1917 it was sold as a rectory for the Catholic Church.39.163987, -119.770685 [blue]

179. First Air Flight Over NevadaAVIATION-PERSON Marker

removed. 39.198266, -119.778498

180. The Warm Springs Hotel and Nevada State PrisonARCHITECTURE-EVENT Warm Springs Hotel was built near this site in 1860 from a local sandstone quarry inside the old Nevada State Prison complex. The hotel housed Nevada’s first Territorial Legislature meeting in 1861 and became integrated into the Prison complex which operated until 2012.39.161333, -119.739001 [blue]

181. Washoe Indians NATIVE AMERICAN Marker removed for update. The previous marker described aspects of the Washoe Tribe (Washeshu Itdeh - “the people from here”) who inhabited the area long before the first emigrant wagon trains arrived. 39.115006, -119.858469

193. Historic Flume and LumberyardLUMBER-MINING Approximately one-half mile south of this point and west of the present highway lay the immense yard of the Carson-Tahoe Lumber and Fluming Company, a Comstock timber company in the Lake Tahoe Basin in operation from 1870-1898.39.151942, -119.766450 [blue]

194. Gardner’s RanchLUMBER-RAILROAD-RANCHING/FARMING From 1870 until a fire in 1918, this site contained Matthew Culbertson Gardner’s home and ranch. The lumberyard for the Carson-Tahoe Lumber and Fluming Company, which had the only standard gauge

CARSON CITY

7

logging railroad in the Tahoe Basin, was also located here during that time.39.152929, -119.767267 [blue]

196. The United States Mint Carson City, NevadaARCHITECTURE-EVENT In 1862, Congress passed a bill establishing a branch mint in the Territory of Nevada. It was housed in the original Carson City building built from sandstone blocks quarried at the Nevada State Prison. 39.167733, -119.767309 [stone]

213. LakeviewLUMBER-RAILROAD In 1873, the Virginia and Gold Hill Water Company built a world famous 76 mile box flume and pipeline system that furnished water to Virginia and Carson Cities. From 1881-1896, Lakeview was a lumber storage area and timber products were shipped to the Comstock mines and other points via the V. & T.R.R cars. 39.207966, -119.802901 [concrete]

235. Camp Nye 1864-1865MILITARY Established one-half mile to the north in October 1864 (During the Civil War), Camp Nye served as the home base for the men of companies “D” and “E,” 1st Nevada Volunteer Cavalry. Time has obliterated all vestiges of the barracks, stables and other facilities.39.162420, -119.794175 [blue]

243. Corbett-Fitzsimmon FlightEVENT On March 17, 1897, at an arena located on this site, Carson City played host to Nevada’s first World Championship

prizefight.39.164453, -119.759683 [blue]

250. State Printing BuildingARCHITECTURE Completed in 1886, this building is the second oldest structure built by the State within the Capitol Complex. Architects Morrill J. Curtis and Seymore Pixley, designed the Italianate structure to compliment the older State Capitol. 39.163794, -119.765026 [on building]

252. Rinckel MansionARCHITECTURE-MINING-RANCHING/FARMING In 1863, Rinckel settled in Carson City, he raised livestock and supplied the mining and timber districts surrounding Eagle Valley with meat. Charles H. Jones, a French-schooled designer, constructed Rinckel’s High Victorian Italianate architectural residence in 1876.39.164034, -119.768264 [on building]

258. Charles W. Friend House, Observatory & Weather StationEVENT-PERSON This is the site of the house and observatory of Nevada’s first weatherman, astronomer, and seismologist, Charles William Friend. 39.164080, -119.764283 [concrete]

259. The Governor’s MansionARCHITECTURE-PERSON Reno architect George A. Ferris designed this neoclassical mansion in 1909. It is the only home ever built for Nevada’s highest elected official. 39.167279, -119.773000 [on fence]

CARSON CITY

8

CHURCHILL COUNTY MAP

Fallon

Marker 271

9

Fallon

CHURCHILL COUNTY

10. Sand MountainPONY EXPRESS-NATIVE AMERICANSand Mountain is a sinuoustransverse dune important to the StillwaterNorthern Paiutes. Sand Springs was hometo a Pony Express Station in 1860. The SandMountain blue butterfly is only found here.39.275180, -118.413353 [blue]

19. RagtownCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL Thiswater stop along the Carson Riverwas the first watering opportunity after theForty Mile Desert, immediately to the north.39.505685, -118.919229 [blue]

26. Forty Mile DesertCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAILThe Forty Mile Desert, beginninghere, is a barren stretch of waterless alkali wasteland. It was the most dreaded section of the California Emigrant Trail.39.940687, -118.750153 [blue]

27. Grimes PointNATIVE AMERICAN Grimes Point is one of the largest and mostaccessible petroglyph sites in Northern Nevada. It contains about 150 basalt boulders covered with more than 1,000 petroglyphs. 39.401567, -118.647333 [blue]

83. Rock Creek (Cold SpringsStation)

PONY EXPRESS-TELEGRAPH In 1860, a Pony Express Station was built to the east. At this site, in 1861 fresh horses, blacksmith services, and wagon-repair facilities were available to service stagecoaches. The ruins of a telegraph repeater and maintenance station are also nearby. 39.390158, -117.854349 [blue]

110. Wagon Jack ShelterNATIVE AMERICAN This rock shelter was used by Native Americans at least 3,150 years ago. It has been excavated by archaeologists and all that remains is the shelter.39.302441, -117.883495 [blue]

111. Edwards Creek ValleyNATIVE AMERICAN-PONY EXPRESSShoshone and Northern Paiutes gathered and hunted for food in the area. Settlers, miners, Pony Express riders, and others traveled through the valley starting in 1854. 39.530296, -117.725999 [blue]

135. New Pass StationTRAIL/ROAD The rocks composing the walls of this stage station and freighter stop were in neat array and roofed with bundles of willow twigs. In July 1861, John Butterfield’s Overland Mail & Stage Company began traversing this Central Route between Salt Lake City and Genoa, Nevada.39.567418, -117.510172 [blue]

ARCHITECTURE (2) CE TRAIL (2)EVENT (1)MINING (2)

NATIVE AMERICAN (5)PERSON (1)PONY EXPRESS (4)RAILROAD (1)

RANCHING/FARMING (2)TELEGRAPH (1)TRAIL/ROAD (2)

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147. People of the HumboldtNATIVE AMERICAN Archaeologists concluded that Native Americans have occupied this region for at least the last 12,000 years. In the 1830s, the area was dominated by vast wetlands that still supported Numa (Northern Paiute) villages.39.940653, -118.749496

161. Churchill County CourthouseARCHITECTURE-EVENT This Neo-Classical Churchill County Courthouse was constructed in 1903 and has been in continuous use since opening. The building is the only monumental wooden courthouse built in Nevada. 39.474987, -118.777356 [concrete]

178. HazenRAILROAD-RANCHING/FARMING The town, established in 1903, housed laborers working on the Newlands irrigation project to the south. In 1906, the Southern Pacific Railroad built a large roundhouse and depot here. 39.563469, -119.047996 [blue]

201. WonderMINING Located 13 miles to the north is the camp of Wonder, a major mining center in the early years of the 20th Century. Wonder’s boom from 1906 to 1915 was brief, but spectacular. 39.287123, -118.162069 [blue]

202. Fairview (1905-1917)MINING Fairview had a few silver booms between 1905 and 1917. The

town boasted 27 saloons, hotels, banks, assay offices, a newspaper, a post office, and a miner’s union hall. 39.283282, -118.214901 [blue]

215. Lahontan DamRANCHING/FARMING Lahontan Dam, completed in 1915, is the key feature of the Newlands irrigation project that turned Lahontan Valley into one of Nevada’s most productive farming and ranching areas. 39.466105, -119.069503 [blue]

216. StillwaterNATIVE AMERICAN-RANCHING/FARMING-TRAIL/ROAD The town originated as an overland stage station in 1862 and later became home to incoming ranchers. The Stillwater Indian Reservation adjoins the lush Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge full of natural resources.39.521659, -118.546626 [blue]

263. Oats Park SchoolARCHITECTURE-PERSON The Oats Park School was designed in 1914 by Frederick J. DeLongchamps, Nevada’s pre-eminent architect of the period. This building is one of his earliest, and perhaps his first, public school designs. 39.473455, -118.768678 [unknown] 271. Pony Express Route- 1860 Sesquicentennial 2010PONY EXPRESS This marker provides the history of the Pony Express. 39.287541, -118.571526 [blue]

CHURCHILL COUNTY

11

CLARK COUNTY MAP

12

CLARK COUNTY MAP

Downtown Las Vegas

33 1 Village Blvd, Blue Diamond, NV 89004 35 500 E Washington Ave, Las Vegas, NV 8910140 333 S Valley View Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 8910786 9200 Tule Springs Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89131 190 400 S 7th St, Las Vegas, NV 89101197 551 Mission Dr, Henderson, NV 89002214 East side of Mountain Vista south of Russel Rd 224 2465 Kiel Way, North Las Vegas, NV 89030270 861 E Bridger Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89101

13

CLARK COUNTY MAPNorth las vegas

Marker 86

Blue Diamond Marker 33

henderson area

Marker 214 Marker197

14

CLARK COUNTY

6. Eldorado CanyonMILITARY-MINING Eldorado Canyon, was home to the Colorado Mining District. In 1867, the U.S. Army established an outpost here to secure riverboat freight and to protect miners in the canyon from Native Americans. 35.827603, -114.936414 [blue]

31. Old Spanish TrailStretching for 130 miles across Clark County, this historic horse trail became Nevada’s first route of commerce in 1829. The trail was later used by the wagons of the “49ers” and by Mormon pioneers. 36.804102, -114.068703 [blue]

32. Old Spanish TrailMarker missing. New location pending.36.181224, -115.133064

33. The Old Spanish Trail 1829-185036.046865, -115.406494 [concrete]

34. The Old Spanish Trail 1829-185036.018350, -115.506856[stone]

35. Las Vegas Mormon Fort (Nevada’s Oldest Building)ARCHITECTURE-PERSON-RAILROAD-RANCHING/FARMING In 1855, Mormon missionaries established fields and built an adobe fort. The adobe later became headquarters for the Las Vegas Rancho. Helen J. Stewart purchased and expanded the ranch before selling it in 1902 to the Railroad for the Las Vegas townsite. 36.180732, -115.132676 [blue]

36. Moapa ValleyLDS-OLD SPANISH TRAIL-RANCHING/FARMING The Old Spanish Trail crosses Moapa Valley. In 1865, Brigham Young sent 75 families to settle the area and grow cotton. They developed the townsite of St. Thomas. The Moapa area remains one of the most agriculturally productive in the state.36.633278, -114.492248 [blue]

37. Powell of the ColoradoEVENT-PERSON In 1869, Major John Wesley Powell landed at the mouth of the Virgin River, about twelve miles south of here, thus ending the first expedition through the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River.36.307583, -114.420423 [blue]

40. Las Vegas (The Meadows)ARCHITECTURE-EVENT-NATIVE

ARCHITECTURE (4)EVENT (4)LDS (3)MILITARY (3)MINING (4)

MORMON TRAIL (2)NATIVE AMERICAN (5)OLD SPANISH TRAIL (12)PERSON (10)RAILROAD (4)

RANCHING/FARMING (5)SPANISH EXPLORER (1)TRAIL/ROAD (2)

15

AMERICAN-OLD SPANISH TRAIL-PERSON-RANCHING/FARMING This marker is located inside the Las Vegas Springs Preserve. Water from the Las Vegas Spring fed meadows and mesquite forests that were the homeland of Southern Paiutes. The springs were a stopping point on the Old Spanish Trail. John C. Frémont camped here in 1844. The waters made a great location for the Las Vegas Mission and Fort in 1855. 36.170611, -115.189000 [blue]

41. Pueblo Grande De NevadaARCHITECTURE-NATIVE AMERICAN Several hundred ancient pithouses, campsites, rockshelters, salt mines and caves of ancestral Puebloan people make up what is commonly known as “Lost City.” Lake Mead, created by Hoover Dam, flooded the most intensively developed portion of Lost City.36.518001, -114.426315 [blue]

56. Virgin ValleyMORMON TRAIL-OLD SPANISH TRAIL The valley served as the right-of-way for many trails. The Virgin River provided water for settlers in Bunkerville (1877) and Mesquite (1880).36.804107, -114.068481 [blue]

86. Tule SpringsNATIVE AMERICAN This site contains evidence of both early human (~13,000 years ago) and Ice Age animals including ground sloth, mammoth, prehistoric horse, and American camel.36.322461, -115.269333 [blue]

102. Goodsprings Mining

District 1856-1957LDS-MINING-RANCHING/FARMING Named for cattleman Joseph Good, Goodsprings mining district got its start in 1856, when Mormons began work at Potosí mine. Mining reached its peak in 1916 when Goodsprings had 800 residents.35.172087, -114.710797 [blue]

103. Gypsum CaveNATIVE AMERICAN Marker removed. The cave contains both Native American artifacts including stone points and dart shafts, and giant ground sloth remains. It was thought Native Americans and Ice Age Mammals inhabited the cave at the same time but evidence placed the sloth in the cave about 8,500 B.C. and the human artifacts at about 3,000 B.C.

104. The Camel Corps MILITARY Marker missing. In 1855, Congress authorized $30,000.00 for camels as frontier military beasts of burden because of their adaptability to desert heat, drought, and food. The experiment was not successful. 35.172087, -114.710797

115. PotosíLDS-MILITARY-MINING Mormon settlers mined for lead at Potosí but smelting difficulties forced the remote mine to be abandoned in 1857. In 1861, the mine was reopened and a smelter and cabins for miners were built. During World War I, Potosí was an important source of zinc.36.000991, -115.485424 [blue]

CLARK COUNTY

16

116. Searchlight MINING-PERSON-RAILROAD Marker is unreadable. In 1897, gold and other ore discoveries were made here. In 1907, a Railroad spur connected the town with the then main Santa Fe line from Needles to Mojave. This town is also the birthplace of former U.S. Senator and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid.35.468306, -114.922614 [blue]

139. Old Spanish Trail (The Journey of the Dead Man)PERSON Awaiting install. This is the longest stretch along the Old Spanish Trail without water. It was littered with the skeletons of animals and parts of wagons abandoned along the sandy desert. John C. Frémont crossed this section in 1844.36.499500, -114.760972

140. The Garcés ExpeditionSPANISH EXPLORATION-NATIVE AMERICAN Garcés, a Franciscan missionary priest and explorer, was the first European to enter the present boundaries of Nevada. In 1776, he had reached the Mohave villages located just south of this location on the banks of the Colorado river. 35.106519, -114.650708 [blue]

141. Old Spanish Trail (Armijo’s Route)In 1830, the first pack train to pass from Santa Fe to Los Angeles crossed the Las Vegas Valley along Antonio Armijo’s route. Until the end of the Mexican War in 1848, this route was the principal means of transportation between the Mexican territories of New Mexico

and California.36.097652, -114.904643 [blue]

142. Old Spanish Trail (Mountain Springs Pass)Marker down. This portion of the Old Spanish Trail was discovered in January 1830, by Antonio Armijo. The springs just north of this marker provided excellent water and fed meadows of grass for draft animals.35.998436, -115.447709

150. Nevada’s First State ParkEVENT In 1934, donated land was officially dedicated as Valley of Fire, Nevada’s first state park. By 2015, the park had grown fourfold, and is recognized internationally for its outstanding scenic, geologic, and archaeological features.36.429923, -114.513954 [blue]

168. Arrowhead Trail (1914-1924)TRAIL/ROAD This trail was promoted as an all-weather route between Los Angeles and Salt Lake City. Local communities along the route promoted its construction and the tourism possibilities of Southern Nevada, including Valley of Fire.36.426315, -114.463134 [blue]

188. Von Schmidt State Boundary MonumentPERSON-SURVEY This marker commemorates the iron column erected in 1873 at the southernmost tip of the boundary survey line run by Alexey W. Von Schmidt, U.S. astronomer and surveyor. 35.014268, -114.661826 [blue]

CLARK COUNTY

17

190. Original Home of “Pop” Squires (1865-1958)EVENT-PERSON Charles “Pop” Squires, often referred to as “the Father of Las Vegas,” lived at this location, with his wife Delphine, from 1931 until his death in 1958.36.164606, -115.140944 [on building]

195. The Last SpikeRAILROAD Marker missing. On January 30, 1905, near this site, workers drove the last spike that completed the railroad between Salt Lake City and Los Angeles. This was the last “transcontinental” line to southern California and one of the last lines built to the Pacific Coast. 35.839769, -115.271795

197. Arrowhead Trail – HendersonOLD SPANISH TRAIL-TRAIL/ROAD Prior to 1850, New Mexican trading caravans en route to Los Angeles used this segment of the Old Spanish Trail. Later it became part of the Arrowhead Trail, an early automobile road (1916-1924) connecting Salt Lake City and Los Angeles.35.997119, -114.961784 [concrete]

214. Rafael RiveraMORMON TRAIL-OLD SPANISH TRAIL-PERSON In 1830, pioneer scout, Rafael Rivera, was the first known European American to traverse the Las Vegas Valley. He connected the Las Vegas Springs with the Old Spanish Trail. He ascended the Vegas wash twenty miles east of this marker. John C. Frémont mapped the trail in 1844 which later became known as the Mormon Trail.

36.083550, -115.072753 [blue]

224. Kyle (Kiel) RanchPERSON-RAILROAD-RANCHING/FARMING Established by Conrad Kiel in 1875, this was one of only two major ranches in the Las Vegas valley throughout the 19th century. The railroad purchased the ranch in 1903. It changed hands a few times before Edwin Losee (1939-58)developed it into a divorce ranch. Currently Kiel Ranch is a 7-acre historic site owned by the City of North Las Vegas.36.203273, -115.140478 [on fence]

270. The Morelli HouseARCHITECTURE-PERSON The Morelli House is a classic example of Las Vegas mid-century residential architecture. It was built in 1959 by the Sands Hotel orchestra leader Antonio Morelli and his wife Helen. 36.165279, -115.137737 [on building]

CLARK COUNTY

Main Street SearchlightCourtesy of UNR Special Collections

18

DOUGLAS COUNTY MAP

19

DOUGLAS COUNTY

12. Nevada’s BirthplaceEVENT-PONY EXPRESS-TRAIL/ROAD Carson Valley is the birthplace of Nevada. This sign covers the early settlement of area communities.38.995981, -119.780024 [concrete]

117. Kingsbury GradeTRAIL/ROAD In the late 1850s a toll road was constructed to meet the demand for a more direct route from California to the Washoe mines and to shorten the distance between Sacramento and Virginia City by ten miles.38.965550, -119.839676 [blue]

118. Luther Canyon (Fay Canyon)CALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-LUMBER-PERSON Luther Canyon, west of this site, takes its name from Ira M. Luther, a Nevada Territorial Legislature delegate, who from 1858-1865 had a sawmill there. The house behind the marker was his home. John and Lute Olds, owners of the next ranch south, operated a station along the Emigrant Trail for a number of years.38.870489, -119.809402 [blue]

120. Walley’s Hot SpringsCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL In

1862, along this Carson branch of the Emigrant Trail, David and Harriet Walley developed a $100,000 spa resort. The thermal waters became well known as a cure for “rheumatism and scrofulous afflictions.”38.981193, -119.833243 [blue]

121. MottsvilleCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-CEMETERY-EVENT-PERSON Mottsville, was settled along the Emigrant Trail by Hiram Mott and his son Israel in 1851. Their homestead was the scene of an impressive number of firsts in Carson County, Utah Territory including the first school and the first cemetery that marks the site of Mottsville today.38.931096, -119.840046 [blue]

122. SheridanARCHITECTURE-PERSON-RANCING/FARMING In 1861, a blacksmith shop, a store, two saloons and a boarding house comprised the village of Sheridan. The former boarding house is all that remains and it has been converted into the dwelling seen across the road. 38.901252, -119.825849 [blue]

123. Cradlebaugh BridgeMINING-TRAIL/ROAD Marker

ARCHITECTURE (2)BASQUE (1)CE TRAIL (4)CEMETERY (1)DUTCH (1)EVENT (2)

LUMBER (3)LDS (1)MINING (7)NATIVE AMERICAN (1)PERSON (6)PONY EXPRESS (1)

RAILROAD (1)RANCHING/FARMING (5)TELEGRAPH (1)TRAIL/ROAD (7)

20

awaiting installation. The remains of Cradlebaugh Bridge, built in 1861, by William Cradlebaugh, stand ¼ mile west of here. This bridge shortened the distance from Carson City to Aurora in the then-booming Esmeralda Mining District.39.046729, -119.780249

124. Boyd Toll RoadMINING-TELEGRAPH-TRAIL/ROAD Boyd’s toll road is still visible to the northwest and southeast of this marker. It was constructed in 1861 to provide a road to join Genoa to the Cradlebaugh toll road, the trunkline to the mining district of Esmeralda. In 1863, a telegraph line from Placerville through Genoa was strung along it.38.987612, -119.779225 [blue]

125. Twelve Mile House ARCHITECTURE-MINING-PERSON-TRAIL/ROADMarker in production. Built in 1859, this was an important stop on the road to the Esmeralda mining camp of Aurora. Mile houses were critical places for rest and supplies along early western road systems before railroads. 38.905804, -119.706766 [blue]

126. Double SpringsMINING-RANCHING/FARMING-TRAIL/ROAD Double Springs was a station on the wagon road through the south end of the Pine Nut Mountains. The road provided access between Carson and Walker valleys, both ranching and dairy regions. The site of the Eagle Mining District post office is about four miles north along the highway. 38.793525, -119.599536 [blue]

129. GardnervilleBASQUE-DUTCH-RANCHING/FARMINGEarly Gardnerville served the farming community and teamsters who hauled local produce to booming Bodie. After 1879, Gardnerville became the center for 1,870 Danish immigrants, who met in Valhalla Hall, one block south. Starting in 1898, Spanish and French Basque shepherds tended thousands of sheep in Carson Valley.38.940808, -119.748830 [blue]

130. MindenRAILROAD-RANCHING/FARMING The seat of Douglas County since 1916, Minden, was named for a town in Germany, where the founder of H.F. Dangberg Land and Livestock Company, was born. The company established Minden in 1905 to provide terminal facilities for the Virginia and Truckee Railway. The passenger and freight depot was situated at this point.38.952691, -119.761831 [blue]

131. DresslervilleNATIVE AMERICAN-PERSON-TRAIL/ROAD In 1917, State Senator William F. Dressler gave this 40-acre tract to the Washoe Indians, then living on ranches in Carson Valley. After a school was opened in 1924, it became a nucleus of settlement.38.905171, -119.706420 [blue]

207. Carson ValleyCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-LDS-MINING-RANCHING/FARMING This valley was well suited for ranchers and agriculturalists to prosper. The river provided an influx of California bound travelers in need

DOUGLAS COUNTY

21

of provisions. The nearby Comstock Lode (1858) boom and development of Virginia City increased demand for local hay, meat, and other goods. Demand continued with the mining in Bodie, Tonopah, and Goldfield.38.974261, -119.877126 [blue]

219. GlenbrookLUMBER-MINING In 1873, Glenbrook was home to the Carson & Tahoe Lumber & Fluming Company, the largest Comstock wood and lumber combine. Consolidation of V-flume systems in and near Clear Creek Canyon by 1872 made it possible to float lumber and other material from Spooner’s Summit to Carson City, eliminating the need for wagon hauling over Lake Bigler Toll Road (King’s Canyon Road). 39.081489, -119.942589 [blue]

225. Spooner Area (Logging and Lumbering Period: 1868-1895)LUMBER-MINING-PERSON This area bears the name of Michele E. Spooner, a French Canadian entrepreneur, who, along with others, was

instrumental in establishing the wood and lumber industry which supplied the needs of the Comstock mines and mills.39.106219, -119.918022 [blue]

226. De Ek Wadapush - Cave Rock NATIVE AMERICAN-TRAIL/ROAD A sacred place to the Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California, cave rock is as important now as it has been for thousands of years. Named for a cave, a remnant of which can be seen above the waterline. It also served as a landmark on the Lake Bigler Toll Road and was tunneled for the highway in 1931 and 1957. 39.044977, -119.948432 [stone]

261. Spooner SummitTRAIL/ROAD From early toll roads linking California to the new towns east of the Sierra Nevada to today’s two lane segment of US 50, Spooner Summit’s history is discussed on this marker.39.104273, -119.895662 [stone]

DOUGLAS COUNTY

Gardnerville 1910 Courtesy of UNR Special Collections

22

ELKO COUNTY MAP

Elko

23

ELKO COUNTY

3. West End of Hastings CutoffDONNER-TRAIL/ROAD Across the Humboldt Valley southward from this point a deeply incised canyon opens into a valley. Through that canyon ran the route called the Hastings Cutoff. It was first traversed in 1841 by the earliest organized California emigrant group. In 1846, The ill-fated Reed Donner Party traveled through here. 40.766087, -115.919748 [stone]

45. Humboldt WellsCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-RAILROAD These springs, seen as marshy spots and small ponds of water in the meadows, are Humboldt Wells, a historic oasis on the California Emigrant Trail. In 1869, the Central Pacific Railroad established a station named Humboldt Wells later named just Wells.41.117892, -114.978171 [blue]

46. Pilot PeakCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-DONNER-PERSON The high, symmetrically shaped mountain seen rising to the north is Pilot Peak, named by John C. Frémont. The mountain was a symbol of hope and relief to the Reed-Donner Party and all other wagon train pioneers who traveled across the Great Salt Lake Desert on the California Emigrant Trail.

40.843933, -114.207478 [blue]

47. Fort Halleck Site 1867-1886CALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-NATIVE AMERICAN-RAILROAD-TRAIL/ROAD Marker missing. In 1867, Fort Halleck was established twelve miles to the south near Soldier Creek. The Army intended the Fort to protect the California Emigrant Trail, the Overland Mail Route, and construction work on the Central Pacific Railroad during conflicts with Goshute and Western Shoshone in that decade.40.956274, -115.465769

48. TuscaroraCHINESE-MINING-RANCHING/FARMING Mines that made up the Tuscarora Mining District experienced their boom between 1872 and 1884. The population reached over 3,000, including several hundred Chinese. Tuscarora residents shifted their work between mining gold and silver and ranching in Independence Valley.41.281007, -116.113917 [blue]

50. Carlin CanyonCHINESE-PERSON-TRAPPING In 1828, Peter Skene Ogden and his trapping brigade (Hudson’s Bay Company) were the first European Americans to enter here. In 1845, John C. Frémont dispatched a group down

ARCHITECTURE (2)CE TRAIL (5)CEMETERY (1)CHINESE (2)DONNER PARTY (2)

EVENT (2)MILITARY (1)MINING (4)NATIVE AMERICAN (3)PERSON (4)

PONY EXPRESS (1)RAILROAD (4)RANCHING (4)TRAIL/ROAD (3)TRAPPING (1)

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the Humboldt including this difficult canyon. The Central Pacific’s Chinese track gangs constructed the transcontinental railroad (now Union Pacific) through here in 1868. 40.727940, -116.019831 [blue]

69. JarbidgeMINING-NATIVE AMERICAN Shoshone-speaking people have lived in this area for generations. The name Jarbidge comes from a Shoshone word meaning “a bad or evil spirit”. Dave Bourne discovered gold in this isolated area in 1909.41.871744, -115.431220 [blue]

73. Unknown SoldiersCEMETERY-MILITARY Burried here are ten unidentified soldiers, victims of the influenza epidemic of 1918. They were unloaded from the Southern Pacific Railroad to a makeshift hospital at the town’s hotel. In 1975, some graves were able to be marked.41.261992, -114.193398 [blue]

106. ElkoRAILROAD-RANCHING/FARMING The Central Pacific Railroad planned out Elko in 1868. The railhead was busy with stage lines carrying freight and passengers to area mines. By the early 1870s, Elko became the center for northeastern Nevada’s range livestock empire. 40.841389, -115.753441 [blue]

107. Elko AirportEVENT-PERSON In 1926, Varney Air Lines pilot, Leon Cuddeback carried one bag of mail and landed his tiny Curtiss

Swallow biplane at Elko, Nevada, completing the first scheduled Air Mail run in the United States. Varney sold to Boeing, which merged with United Airlines in 1931.40.828743, -115.780109 [blue]

108. Ruby Valley Pony Express StationThis small building was originally located 60 miles to the south, where it served the Pony Express from April 1860 to 1861. It was moved to this location in 1960.40.841851, -115.752835 [blue small]

109. Lamoille ValleyCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-RANCHING/FARMING In order to rest their livestock in Lamoille Valley, many emigrants skirted the east Humboldt Range and the Ruby Mountains along a Shoshone Indian path before returning to the Humboldt River. Lamoille Valley was first settled in 1865. The original buildings, and the most recent 20-bedroom Lamoille Hotel, creamery, flour mill, and dance hall are gone.40.727632, -115.479733 [blue]

112. CarlinCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-MINING-RAILROAD A favorite stopping place for wagon trains along the California Emigrant Trail, Carlin, the oldest town in Elko County, was established as a railroad division point in 1868 by the Central Pacific Railroad. Carlin competed with Elko, Palisade, and Winnemucca for the staging and freighting business of the many mining camps north and south of the railroad. 40.710312, -116.118394 [blue]

ELKO

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151. Duck Valley Indian ReservationNATIVE AMERICAN The Shoshone and Paiute people have occupied northern Nevada, southeastern Oregon, and southern Idaho since time immemorial. In the mid-1800s European emigrants changed the Shoshone and Paiute homelands forever. The Duck Valley Indian Reservation was first established in 1877 and expanded twice: once in 1886 and a second time in 1910. Between 1880 and the early 1900s, other small bands of Paiutes and Shoshone made their way to the reservation, some by choice and others by force. In 1934, the different bands that came to the reservation from other areas became federally recognized as the Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Indian Reservation. 41.997450, -116.132001 [blue]

153. Jarbidge Community HallARCHITECTURE In 1910, citizens built this pioneer-type community hall with a “floating” maple floor. Support from the Nevada Commission for Cultural Affairs and the community funded the restoration of the building.41.875519, -115.430682 [on building]

229. Oil From ShaleEVENT Directly south of this point and across the valley floor are the remains of a short-lived oil extraction plant from the early twenties. Out of several tries at extracting oil from shale, this was the only successful operation in Nevada.40.825540, -115.779914 [blue]

244. Dinner StationARCHITECTURE-TRAIL/ROAD Marker removed. Dinner Station was established in the early 1870s as a meal stop for the Tuscarora and Mountain City Stage Lines. After a fire in the 1880s, a two-story stone house, outbuildings, and a corral were built. Early in the twentieth century, it became one of the most popular county inns of the time. 41.099749, -115.866354

251. Diamondfield Jack DavisMINING-PERSON-RANCHING/FARMING This historical marker commemorates the lasting notoriety of flamboyant western gunman Jackson Lee Davis (1870-1949), who was better know by the colorful name, “Diamondfield Jack”. In the late 1890s, Davis was a gunman for cattle interests. Later he became a successful mine operator and founder of several mining camps.41.984799, -114.671903 [stone]

ELKO

Carlin Late 19th CenturyCourtesy of UNR Special Collections

26

ESMERALDA COUNTY MAP

Goldfield

27

Goldfield

ESMERALDA COUNTY

14. GoldfieldMINING-RAILROAD Gold ore was discovered here in 1902 by two Nevada-born prospectors, Harry Stimler and Billy Marsh. Goldfield boomed from 1904 to 1918. The city had a railroad that connected to Las Vegas and a peak population of 20,000, making it Nevada’s largest community at the time.37.707608, -117.233431 [stone]

20. ColumbusMINING Marker missing. The remnants of Columbus are located on the edge of the salt marsh, five miles to the southwest. The town was initially settled in 1865, when a quartz mill was erected at the site. In 1871, William Troop discovered borax in the locality. Four borax companies worked the deposits until around 1881. 38.149407, -117.947939

101. MillersMINING-RAILROAD This town was originally established in 1904 as a stage station and watering stop on the Tonopah and Goldfield Railroad. The Tonopah Mining Company had its 100-stamp cyanide mill built here in 1906. The town was abandoned in 1947 when the railroad went out of business.38.140509, -117.454420 [blue]

133. Fish Lake ValleyMINING-PERSON-RANCHING/FARMING

The valley was settled when the Palmetto Silver Mining District was discovered in 1866. In the 1870’s companies mined for borax. Several local ranches supplied food to the freight industry and mining communities. This marker commemorates W.O. Harrell, known as “Harrell, the irrepressible,” who lived here in the 1870’s. 37.693977, -118.090260 [blue]

155. Silver PeakMINING Silver Peak is one of the oldest mining areas in Nevada. Lawlessness prevailed during the late 1860s. In 1906, Silver Peak was, at times, one of the leading camps in Nevada, but by 1917 it was abandoned. The town burned in 1948. 38.018306, -117.775778 [blue]

156. Gold PointMINING In 1908, miners discovered a form of silver chloride known as hornsilver. Later, a town of over 225 wood-frame buildings, tents, and shacks appeared. The camp assumed the name Gold Point after 1930 when more gold was being mined than silver. 37.437505, -117.284975 [blue]

157. LidaMINING-NATIVE AMERICAN Known as a gathering point for Shoshone and Northern Paiute Indians, Lida Valley was the site of early prospecting in the 1860s. A town was built in 1872. Mining efforts were off and

ARCHITECTURE (1)MINING (9)NATIVE AMERICAN (1)

PERSON (1)RAILROAD (3)

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on through the years and a small community existed here until World War I.37.455434, -117.499636 [blue]

158. PalmettoMINING A local 12-stamp mill processed silver ore here in the late 1800s, but the town died for lack of profitable material. New prospecting in 1903 caused Palmetto to grow to a town of 200 tents. By 1906, most miners were gone and lease mining has been minimal ever since. 37.444168, -117.694873 [blue]

174. BlairMINING-RAILROAD The remnants of stone buildings and mill foundations are the only survivors of the once thriving, but short-lived, mining town. The Pittsburgh-Silver Peak Gold Mining Company built a 100-stamp mill here in 1907 as well as a railroad to the Tonopah & Goldfield main line.37.787702, -117.636535 [blue]

242. Southern Nevada Telephone – Telegraph Company BuildingARCHITECTURE-TELEGRAPH This building was the communications center of Goldfield from 1908 to 1963. This building was one of the few spared by a fire that destroyed 53 blocks of the downtown area in 1923. 37.709118, -117.234879 [on building]

ESMERALDA

Main Street in Goldfield 1906

Courtesy of UNR Special Collections

Blair, NevadaCourtesy of UNR Special Collections

29

EUREKA COUNTY MAP

Eureka

30

EUREKA COUNTY

11. EurekaMINING-RAILROAD “Eureka!” a miner is said to have exclaimed in 1864 when he discovered rich lead-silver ore here. During the 1880s Eureka had 16 smelters, over 100 saloons, a population of 10,000, and a railroad – the colorful Eureka and Palisade – that connected with the transcontinental line to the north.39.499881, -115.958485 [stone]

65. PalisadeRAILROAD Palisade was surveyed and laid out by the Central Pacific Railroad in 1870. At this time, it was a departure point on the line for wagon, freight, and stage lines to Mineral Hill, Eureka, and Hamilton. The Eureka and Palisade Railroad was completed in 1875 and until 1930, the town was the principal transfer and shipping point on the Central Pacific. 40.601131, -116.178075 [blue]

80. Eureka CourthouseARCHITECTURE Designed by George Costerisa and built in 1879-80 from locally-fired brick and sandstone quarried nearby, the Italianate style courthouse remains a fine example of boomtown Victorian opulence. This relic reflects the glory days from 1864 to 1890 when Eureka was the first important lead-silver district in the United States.39.512349, -115.961003 [on building]

82. Diamond ValleyMINING-NATIVE AMERICAN-PERSON-PONY EXPRESS-RANCHING/FARMING-TELEGRAPH For generations Shoshone and Paiute Indians had gathered nature’s bounty here. John C. Frémont mapped the area in 1845. A route, through the north end of the valley, became the Pony Express route from 1860-1861. The Overland Telegraph replaced the Pony Express and also crossed the valley. In the 1860s, area led and silver mines were supported by limited ranching and serviced by toll roads all across the valley. In 1957, a large underground lake was tapped to supply water for irrigation.39.755569, -116.083893 [blue]

170. Eureka Sentinel BuildingARCHITECTURE Constructed in 1879, this building was designed by architect C.M. Bennett. The Eureka Sentinel was published here from 1879 to 1960. 39.512468, -115.961652 [on building]

187. The Cattle IndustryRAILROAD-RANCHING/FARMING The numerous valleys of Nevada have supported a vigorous cattle industry since the 1850s. The completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 was the catalyst that created a prosperous industry. 40.680140, -116.473798 [blue]

ARCHITECTURE (3)MINING (4)NATIVE AMERICAN (1)

PERSON (1)PONY EXPRESS (1)RAILROAD (3)

RANCHING/FARMING (2)TELEGRAPH (1)

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222. Tannehill CabinARCHITECTURE-MINING In 1864, the Tannehill brothers, who owned mining interests, built one of Eureka’s first houses. Over time, the cabin has had a number of owners, including the firm of Nathan & Harrison, one of the area’s first mercantile establishments in the late 1860s.39.503149, -115.959516 [blue]

254. The Eureka Mining District Producing Ore Since 1864MINING In 1864, a group of prospectors from Austin, Nevada discovered rock containing a silver-lead mixture on Prospect Peak. From 1870-1890, the Eureka Mining District was one of the top mineral producing districts in the state. Many hills around Eureka still contain rock piles, open shafts, and abandoned mining equipment. Modern day gold mining continues in the area today. 39.555260, -115.995721 [stone]

EUREKA

Eureka 1880 Photo by Louis Monaco

Courtesy of UNR Special Collections

32

HUMBOLDT COUNTY MAP

Winnemucca

33

HUMBOLDT COUNTY

2. Pioneer Memorial ParkCEMETERY-NATIVE AMERICAN-PERSON This part of the cemetery is the last resting place of Frank Baud and other pioneers who founded Winnemucca. Baud arrived in 1863 and is one of the men credited with naming the town Winnemucca after the famous Northern Paiute chieftain.40.978808, -117.741942 [stone]

21. The Humboldt CanalMINING The Humboldt Canal coursed southwestward from Preble, near Golconda, toward Mill City. Its primary purpose was to supply water for over forty stamp mills planned at and above Mill City, but it was also designed for barge traffic and some irrigation water supply. The present highway crossed it at this point. 40.982104, -117.726696 [blue]

22. Humboldt RiverEVENT-PERSON-TRAPPING Peter Skene Ogden, of the Hudson Bay Company, encountered the Humboldt River in 1828, explored hundreds of square miles, left records in his journal, and drafted the first map of the area. The Humboldt was the only natural arterial across the Great Basin. From 1841-1870, it funneled thousands of emigrants along its valley enroute to the Pacific Coast. 41.016642, -117.573543 [blue]

89. Paradise ValleyMILITARY-MINING-NATIVE AMERICAN-PERSON-RANCHING/FARMING-TRAPPING In 1828, Hudson Bay Company’s Peter Skene Ogden traversed this valley. Thirty-five years later, settlers started to arrive and conflicts with local Native Americans led to the establishment of Camp Winfield Scott (1866-1870) four miles from here. Settlers established farms that supplied the nearby mines in both Nevada and Idaho territories. Later, ranching became the major industry in the area.41.491674, -117.534556 [blue]

105. GolcondaCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-MINING-RAILROADGolconda, a one-time Utah territory mining town and a landmark on the California Emigrant Trail, was famous for its hot springs. In 1868, Golconda became an ore shipping station on the new Central Pacific Railroad. 40.948614, -117.486583 [blue]

143. Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins MILITARY-NATIVE AMERICAN-PERSON Marker in production. Sarah Winnemucca, whose Paiute name was Thocmentony (Shell-flower), was the daughter of Chief Winnemucca. Because of her importance to the nation’s history, Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins was

ARCHITECTURE (1)CE TRAIL (2)CEMETERY (1)EVENT (1)

MILITARY (5)MINING (4)NATIVE AMERICAN (8)PERSON (5)

RAILROAD (3)RANCHING/FARMING (2)TRAILS/ROADS (2)TRAPPING (2)

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honored in 2005 with a statue in the National Statuary Hall of the U.S. Capitol. This marker discusses some of her accomplishments.41.972534, -117.622723

144. Fort McDermittMILITARY-NATIVE AMERICAN-TRAIL/ROAD Established in 1865 to protect the Virginia City-Quinn River Valley-Oregon road, Fort McDermitt consisted of several adobe, stone, and frame buildings. Its troops participated in the Modoc War and in conflicts with the Bannock and Shoshone Tribes. It was the last of the Nevada army posts in service when it converted into an American Indian reservation school in 1889.41.942901, -117.707561 [blue]

146. Fort McDermitt Indian ReservationMILITARY-MINING-NATIVE AMERICAN In the mid-1860s many poorly treated Paiutes from both Oregon and the Pyramid Lake Indian Reservations joined and settled around Fort McDermitt. At times they aided the local military and many worked at nearby mercury mines. 41.942919, -117.707581 [blue]

162. Camp McGarryMILITARY-NATIVE AMERICAN From 1865-1868, the U. S. Army operated Camp McGarry twelve miles northeast of here at Summit Springs near Summit Lake. The troops protected the Idaho-California mail, stage roads, and the nearby trails in Nevada and Oregon. 41.394447, -119.166116 [blue]

164. Button PointPERSON-RANCHING/FARMING In 1873, Frank Button and his uncle Isaac Button drove cattle to the area to begin ranching operations in the fertile valleys of northern and eastern Humboldt County. They had 4,000 square miles of ranchland. 41.016539, -117.573459 [blue]

167. ValmyCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-NATIVE AMERICAN-RAILROAD Overlooking the old California Emigrant Trail, Valmy was established as a water and fuel stop in 1910 by the Southern Pacific Railroad Company. Treaty Hill, to the northwest, marks a division point between the Northern Paiute lands to the west and Shoshone lands to the east. 40.788890, -117.129009 [blue]

239. StonehouseARCHITECTURE-NATIVE AMERICAN-RAILROAD-TRAIL/ROAD Native Americans and passing emigrants once camped here. The Overland Stage Company built this stone house in the 1860s. In 1868, the Central Pacific Railroad line passed through here and the nearby springs provided water for engines.40.839754, -117.191418 [blue]

HUMBOLDT

35

LANDER COUNTY MAP

36

LANDER COUNTY

8. AustinMINING Austin sprang into beingafter William Talcott discoveredsilver at this spot in 1862. Just a year later,Austin became the Lander County seat and washome to thousands of residents.39.498340, -117.079546 [stone]

59. Stokes CastleARCHITECTURE-PERSON In 1879,Anson Phelps Stokes, minedeveloper, railroad magnate, and member of a prominent eastern family, built Stokes Castle asa summer home for his sons. The family onlyused it for two months.39.493476, -117.079916 [blue]

66. JacobsvillePONY EXPRESS-TELEGRAPH-TRAIL/

ROAD The stone foundations of Jacobsville are one-half mile north of here. The town was established in 1859 as an Overland Stage and Mail Station and became a Pony Express stop in 1860. In the early 1860s, it boasted of having the first telegraph relay station and was the first county seat of Lander County. 39.492893, -117.183836 [blue]

67. Austin ChurchesARCHITECTURE-PERSON St. GeorgesEpiscopal Church, to the east, wasconsecrated in 1878. St. Augustine’s CatholicChurch, to the west, was built in 1866. TheMethodist Church, to the north, was built in1866. Emma Wixom, also known as the famousopera singer Emma Nevada, attended Sundayschool there.39.491955, -117.070085 [blue]

ARCHITECTURE (3)EVENT (2)MILITARY (1)MINING (2)

NATIVE AMERICAN (2)PERSON (4)PONY EXPRESS (1)

RAILROAD (1)TELEGRAPH (1)TRAIL/ROAD (1)

austin

37

austin

95. Battle MountainMINING-RAILROAD In 1868, therailroad established a siding here.In 1870, a station was moved to this location. Between 1880 and 1938 this was the operating headquarters for the Central Nevada Railwayand the shorter-lived Battle Mountain andLewis Railroad. The town’s first copper boomdeveloped in 1897 and Battle Mountain steadily outgrew Austin to the south and the countyseat was moved here in 1979.40.641894, -116.934046 [blue]

119. Reuel Colt Gridley“Citizen Extraordinaire”EVENT-MILITARY-PERSON Thissimple stone structure, opened to the publicin late 1863, originally operated as a general store. Gridley, one of the store owners, is bestremembered for his 1864 wager that promptedthe auctioning of a sack of flour for donations to the “Sanitary Fund,” the Civil War forerunnerof the American Red Cross.39.489508, -117.062922 [on building]

136. Toquima CaveNATIVE AMERICAN Located about18 miles away by car and a halfmile on foot, Toquima Cave is an important Great Basin Native American site. The caveis gated but visitors can still see the colorfulpictographs (images applied to rocks with paint)that cover the walls and ceiling.39.399926, -116.941823 [blue]

137. Hickison SummitNATIVE AMERICAN Marker inproduction. About one milenorthwest lies Hickison Summit (named after

rancher John Hickison). Archaeological evidence indicates passes like this one were used by Native American hunters for funneling and ambushing bighorn sheep and deer herds. Native American petroglyphs (images carved into the rock surface) are interpreted along a short hiking trail. 39.444361, -116.743148

176. The SurveyorsPERSON Two notable surveyscrossed the Nevada Territory:Honeylake to Fort Kearny Wagon Road,completed in 1860 by Captain Frederick WestLander, and the route surveyed by Lieutenant James H. Simpson, from Camp Floyd in Utahto Genoa, Nevada in 1859. Captain Lander has been memorialized in the name of this county.Nearby Simpson Park Mountains are named inhonor of Lieutenant Simpson’s efforts.39.457089, -116.996581 [blue]

208. International HotelARCHITECTURE-EVENT This was thefirst commercial building constructedin Austin. It was built in 1863 of lumber from the first International Hotel, constructed inVirginia City.39.493719, -117.072493 [on building]

LANDER

International Hotel 1870sCourtesy of UNR Special Collections

38

LINCOLN COUNTY MAP

Caliente pioche

Panaca

39

LINCOLN COUNTY

5. PiocheMINING Silver ore was discoveredhere in 1864. In 1869, the minesopened and Pioche was founded. In about three years, over five million dollars in ore wasretrieved. In 1871, the town was designatedthe seat of Lincoln County. In the 1930s, Pioche enjoyed two decades of lead-zinc mining.37.926683, -114.449234 [stone]

38. Pahranagat ValleyMINING-NATIVE AMERICAN-RANCHING/FARMINGThere are three local springs that feedthe valley’s lakes and meadows. This areacontinues to be important to both WesternShoshone and Southern Paiute Tribes. In 1865,ore was discovered in the area and the oreprocessing town of Hiko became the center ofactivity.37.362174, -115.159125 [blue]

39. PanacaEVENT-LDS-MINING-RANCHING/FARMING Southern Nevada’s firstpermanent settlement was established asa Mormon colony in 1864. Although nearby mining at nearby Bullionville and Pioche has had its effect, Panaca remains an agriculturalcommunity.37.790113, -114.388076 [blue]

55. CalienteRAILROAD-RANCHING/FARMINGCaliente was first settled as a ranch,

furnishing hay for nearby mining. In 1901, rancher Charles Culverwell allowed a railroad grade to be built through his land and the population boomed. With the completion of the Las Angeles, San Pedro, and Salt Lake Railroad in 1905, Caliente became a division point. The iconic Mission Revival-style depot was built in 1923.37.614346, -114.512537 [blue]

57. Old BoundaryEVENT Starting in 1850, the 37thdegree north latitude, marked atthis point, was the dividing line between the territories of Utah and New Mexico. In 1861 it became the southern boundary for the Nevada Territory.37.044596, -114.984411 [blue]

90. Delamar, “The WidowMaker” 1893-1909MINING Around 1891, gold wasdiscovered twelve miles south of here. By 1893, the mining town of Delamar was home to over 1,500 residents. The dry milling process, used at the time, created a fine silica dust,or “death” dust. Many residents died of lung disease giving the town its nickname, “The Widow Maker”.37.619598, -114.794884 [blue]

93. Panaca MercantileARCHITECTURE This adobe buildingwas constructed in 1868. The“Panaca Cooperative Mercantile Institution,”

ARCHITECTURE (3)CEMETERY (1)EVENT (3)

LDS (3)MINING (8)MORMON TRAIL (1)

NATIVE AMERICAN (1)RAILROAD (3)RANCHING/FARMING (4)

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comprised of more than one hundred stock holders, was established to meet barter, merchandising, and marketing needs. 37.791415, -114.387868 [on building]

160. Panaca SpringEVENT-LDS-MINING-RANCHING/FARMING This spring produces alarge constant flow of warm water. Mormonsbuilt the first permanent settlement in southern Nevada at Panaca in 1864. The same year the Meadow Valley Mining District, including thePioche area, was organized with its center atPanaca Spring.37.795446, -114.385129 [blue]

182. Panaca Ward ChapelARCHITECTURE-LDS One of theoldest buildings in Lincoln County,the Panaca Ward Chapel was constructed ofadobe from the swamps west of town in 1867-1868. The building was also used as a schooland recreation hall.37.790921, -114.387486 [on building]

203. BullionvilleCEMETERY-MINING Bullionville was established in 1870 when thePioche mills were located here. By 1875, thetown had a population of 500. During the same year a water works was constructed at Pioche,which led to the relocation of the mills. All that remains is the cemetery at the top of the hill.37.806563, -114.406246 [blue]

204. JackrabbitMINING-RAILROAD The JackrabbitDistrict was started in 1876. Afifteen-mile narrow gauge railroad opened in

1891 between the Jackrabbit Mine and Pioche. After 1893, the mines fell silent except for several short periods of activity.38.095466, -114.582300 [blue]

205. Crystal SpringsMORMON TRAIL Crystal Spring was used as a watering place and campsite on an alternate route of the Mormon Trail in the mid-nineteenth century. In 1866, the town site was designated as the provisional County Seat for Lincoln County. The Governor found that the region lacked the number of voters necessary and the county government was organized at Hiko.37.532594, -115.233563 [blue]

206. HikoMINING In 1865, a mining camp was established here. The next year a 5-stamp mill began processing Pahranagat ores and soon after, Hiko became the first county seat. About two years later, area mining enterprises failed and the mill was moved to Bullionville in 1870. Hiko consequently declined in population and importance, which accelerated following the removal of the county government to Pioche in 1871.37.596713, -115.223904 [blue]

249. Union Pacific Depot 1923ARCHITECTURE-RAILROADConstructed as a Union Pacific railroad depot in 1923, this mission revival structure was designed by well-known Los Angeles architects, John and Donald Parkinson. The depot replaced a former structure which burned on September 9, 192137.612767, -114.513880 [blue]

LINCOLN

41

LYON COUNTY MAP

42

South Dayton

silver city

North Dayton

LYON COUNTY MAP

43

LYON COUNTY

7. DaytonCE TRAIL-MINING Dayton was firstknown as a stopping place on theriver for California–bound pioneers. In 1849,gold was found at the mouth of Gold Canyon and prospecting began. Ten years later, minersdiscovered ore deposits at Gold Hill and Virginia City.39.236240, -119.589305 [blue/stone]

61. Mound HouseMINING-RAILROAD Located one-halfmile north of this point, MoundHouse started off as a station and siding on the Virginia and Truckee Railroad in 1871. In 1880, the Carson and Colorado rail was built fromhere to the mining camps of western Nevadaand eastern California. In 1900, the Southern Pacific Railroad purchased the two railroads.From 1900 to 1920, immediately northwest ofMound House, extensive gypsum mining andmilling operations were carried on.39.214004, -119.670048 [blue]

74. WellingtonRANCHING/FARMING-TRAIL/ROADFollowing the mining boom in theAurora District in 1860, a bridge was builtacross the West Walker River and a stagestation/trading center was established. In1863, Daniel Wellington bought interests and the place became known as “Wellington’s

Station”. 38.751930, -119.370536 [blue]

85. SutroMINING-PERSON Sutro was a town,a drainage tunnel, and a man.Miners completed the main tunnel in 1878 and then extended lateral excavations, providingdrainage, ventilation and access to manyComstock mines.39.272266, -119.579585 [blue]

113. WabuskaMINING-RAILROAD-TRAIL/ROADWabuska was established in theearly 1870s as a station on the road fromWadsworth, on the Central Pacific, to the miningcamps of Aurora, Bodie, Candaleria, Columbus,and Bellville. In 1881, the town served as a distribution center on the narrow gauge Carsonand Colorado Railroad. When copper wasdiscovered in Mason Valley, the town becamethe northern terminus of the new NevadaCopper Belt Railroad, built 1909-1911.39.143603, -119.181766 [blue]

127. Courthouse Site 1865 –1909ARCHITECTURE-EVENT Dayton,the first seat of Lyon County, had one ofthe first courthouses built in Nevada. It wasan Italianate style two-story brick building

ARCHITECTURE (5)CE TRAIL (1)CEMETERY (1)CHINESE (1)EVENT (5)

MARK TWAIN (1)MILITARY (2)MINING (9)NATIVE AMERICAN (3)PERSON (4)

PONY EXPRESS (2)RAILROAD (2)RANCHING/FARMING (2)TRAIL/ROAD (5)

44

finished in 1864. In 1909, the building burned. Utilizing the ruins, a high school was built and opened in 1918. The school closed in 1959 and the building became an elementary school, then a junior high school, and is now the Dayton Valley Community Center.39.238094, -119.591121 [blue small]

163. Dayton ChinatownCHINESE-EVENT-MINING Dayton isthe site of Nevada’s first Chinatown.The Dayton Chinese were hired in 1857 to dig the four-mile Rose Ditch from the mouth ofthe Carson River west of town to the minersworking the placers at the entrance to GoldCanyon. The community continued to be an important hub for Chinese Americans in Nevada into the 1880s.39.236240, -119.589305 [blue/stone]

177. Desert Well Station(Overland Mail and StageStation)EVENT-MARK TWAIN-TRAIL/ROAD Locatedapproximately one mile south are the remains of a typical stage station of the period 1843 to 1869. The station achieved a measure of fame when Mark Twain wrote of his experience therein Roughing It. The original site featured two wells, an inn, and corrals. One of the wellswas used exclusively by camels brought to theNevada desert to haul salt to the mines on the Comstock.39.364120, -119.365569 [blue]

186. Union Hotel & Post OfficeARCHITECTURE-PONY EXPRESS-TRAIL/ROAD Private property not open tothe public. The free standing rock wall is the

original wall of the Overland Stage Station and Pony Express stop. 39.236143, -119.590638 [on building]

192. Buckland’s StationARCHITECTURE-MILITARY-NATIVEAMERICAN-PERSON-PONY EXPRESS-TRAIL/ROAD Samuel S. Buckland settled herein 1859 and began a ranching operation, established a station for the Overland StageCompany, and operated a tent hotel. The station served as the assembly point forvolunteers for the Pyramid Lake War, a stationon the Pony Express, and later on, a store. He also constructed the large two-story house,presently located here.39.294228, -119.251578 [blue]

199. Camels in DaytonMILITARY-MINING Camels wereimported into the United States andtested for military purposes in the mid-1850’s.The experiment failed and the camels wereauctioned. Some were brought here to haulwood and salt to the mines and mills of the Comstock. They were corralled behind thisstone hay barn, known as the Leslie Hay Barn.39.238749 -119.591254 [blue]

200. Hall’s StationCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-EVENTThis site as the place where thefirst recorded dance was held on New Year’sEve, 1853. Spafford Hall built this station and trading post in the early 1850s to accommodate emigrants bound for California. Major Ormsbywas the last owner. The title was still in hisname in 1860 when he died in the first battle of the Pyramid Lake War. The exact site was

LYON

45

destroyed by borrow pit.39.235818, -119.592469 [blue]

223. Devil’s GateMINING-NATIVE AMERICAN Devil’sGate marks the boundary linebetween Storey and Lyon Counties. From 1850-1860 Gold Canyon was busy with placer mining.During the brief Paiute War of 1860, residents of Silver City built a stone battlement on the eastern summit and a wooden cannon forprotection. Later on, miners traveled throughhere on their way to the gold and silver mines of the Comstock Lode.39.266623, -119.643199 [concrete]

233. Dayton CemeteryMINING-PERSON Founded in 1851,this is one of the oldest constantlymaintained cemeteries in Nevada. The trail tothe California Mother Lode passed directly infront and the wagon tracks can still be seenwith careful observation. James Finney (“OldVirginny”) after whom Virginia City is named,is buried here. Many people buried hereare Italian Americans, as this ethnic groupdominated much of Dayton’s early history.39.233421, -119.597071 [blue]

255. Wilson CanyonMINING-NATIVE AMERICAN (GHOSTDANCE)-PERSON-RANCHING/FARMINGWilson Canyon and the Wilson Mining Districtwere named for brothers David and “UncleBilly” Wilson. The family settled in the area in 1863 mining gold discovered in Pine Grove and ranching in Mason Valley. A Northern Paiutenamed Wovoka was raised with the Wilsonboys and took the name Jack Wilson. Wovoka started the Ghost Dance movement in 1890,

which swept into the Great Plains with potent political force.38.809668, -119.220149 [stone]

257. Nevada’s First GoldDiscoveryEVENT-MINING This monumentcommemorates the 150th anniversary ofthe discovery of gold and the thousandsof pioneers who passed near this site. Thecontinuous occupation of Gold Canyon’s mouthmakes this site Nevada’s first non-NativeAmerican settlement.39.235897, -119.591806 [stone]

262. Dayton School House –1865ARCHITECTURE In 1865, Lyon Countybuilt a stone school building for the residentsof Dayton, then the county seat. It is the second oldest schoolhouse in Nevada and is the oldest such structure to remain in its originallocation.39.237918, -119.592480 [on building]

264. Silver City School HouseARCHITECTURE The growing townof Silver City built a schoolhouseat this site in 1867-1868. The school closed in1958. The building then served as a community center and volunteer fire department. Firedestroyed the original building in 2004.The new building closely resembles the oldschoolhouse in size and architectural style.Materials from the original building areincorporated into the new structure.39.264552, -119.639577 [stone]

LYON

46

MINERAL COUNTY MAP

hawthorne

47

hawthorne

MINERAL COUNTY

16. Mineral CountyMINING-PERSON Jedediah Smithpassed near here in 1828 duringhis remarkable trip across the Great Basin.Peter Skene Ogden traveled through the region in 1829. John C. Frémont arrived in 1845 with his guide, Joseph Walker, for whom the lakeis named. Formerly part of Esmeralda County,Mineral County was formed in 1911. The countyincludes several well-known mining towns aswell as other smaller mining camps.38.690385, -118.770673 [stone]

60. HawthorneLUMBER-MILITARY-MINING-PERSON-RAILROAD In 1880, the Hawthornetownsite was a division and distributionpoint for the Carson and Colorado Railroad. The town was named after William A.Hawthorne, a Nevada pioneer, lumberman, road superintendent, and Justice of the Peace. In1926, the Navy selected Hawthorne for a newammunition depot.38.532510, -118.625006 [blue]

92. Candelaria and MetallicCityMINING The ghost towns ofCandelaria and Metallic City are seven mileswest of here. Candelaria was located in themid-1860s and in 20 years it was the largesttown in the immediate area. Metallic City lies¾ mile to the south of Candelaria.38.208077, -118.001744 [blue]

154. BellevilleMINING-RAILROAD Founded in 1874,Belleville flourished by millingore from Northern Belle Mine at Candelaria.The mill, located just east of here, made itsfirst bullion-bar shipment (worth $9,200) in1875. Starting in 1881, Belleville was also the terminus and work camp of the Carson andColorado Railroad.38.222908, -118.180332 [blue]

183. Walker River ReservationNATIVE AMERICAN Although thearea around Walker Lake in the UtahTerritory was set aside for “Indian purposes”in 1859, it was not until 15 years later thatPresident Grant signed the executive orderformally establishing the Walker River IndianReservation, on March 19, 1874.38.952343, -118.810608 [blue]

237. Carson and Colorado R.R.Freight DepotRAILROAD This is the first railroadbuilding to be constructed in Hawthorne. Itis the remnant of the narrow-gauge Carsonand Colorado Railroad built south from MoundHouse, near Virginia City in 1881. In later years, this building served as a general store,a bar and restaurant with a bingo parlor, and a banquet hall, until acquired by the Hawthorne Elks Lodge in 1946.38.524330, -118.623862 [on building]

LUMBER (1)MILITARY (1)

MINING (4)NATIVE AMERICAN (1)

PERSON (2)RAILROAD (3)

48

NYE COUNTY MAP

Tonopah

49

NYE COUNTY MAP

Beatty

northern Nye

Pahrump

NYE COUNTY

15. TonopahMINING-RAILROAD Tonopah becamethe richest silver producer in thenation and replaced Belmont as the Nye County seat in 1905. The mines spawned a railroad,several huge mills, and a bustling population of approximately 10,000. The mines faltered in the 1920s.38.066994, -117.229351 [stone]

42. Big Smokey ValleyMINING-NATIVE AMERICAN-PERSON-PONY EXPRESSS-TELEGRAPH-TRAIL/ROAD This valley and its bordering Toiyabeand Toquima ranges are Shoshone territory.European American explorers came into thearea starting with Jedediah Smith in 1827.Other figures include John C. Frémont, and KitCarson. Between 1859-1869, the valley wascrossed by Chorpenning’s Jackass Mail, thePony Express, the Overland Telegraph, andthe Concord Coaches of the Overland Mail andStage Company. Silver strikes at Austin (1862-1863) initiated the valley’s first mining boom. Numerous bustling mining camps sprang up. In1900, the Tonopah silver strike reinvigoratedmining in the valley.38.783165, -117.175405 [blue]

58. Old BoundaryEVENT Starting in 1850, the 37thdegree north latitude, marked atthis point, was the dividing line between the 50

territories of Utah and New Mexico. In 1861 it became the southern boundary for the Nevada Territory. 37.002016, -116.725944 [blue]

64. OphirMINING Up in the canyon abovethis marker are massive stonefoundations and other mining town relics.In 1864, the Murphy Mine opened. By the1890s, the town was deserted but somemining activity at the Murphy Mine continued sporadically into the 20th century.38.938781, -117.197451 [blue]

96. Round MountainMINING Round Mountain got itsstart as an early 1900s gold mine. Itwas productive for more than 60 years. Manysmall, high-grade veins were easily minedwith hand tools while larger, lower-grade veinsprovided ore for milling plants.38.726551, -117.114944 [blue]

97. ManhattanMINING-TELEGRAPH The ManhattanMining District, northeast of here,was first organized in 1867. In 1905, gold wasdiscovered and a typical boom followed. Soonthe camp had a post office, telegraph, utilities, and businesses. After an earthquake in 1906,mining switched from big investors to lessees.38.572373, -117.180949 [blue]

CHINESE (1)EVENT (2)MILITARY (1)MINING (10)

NATIVE AMERICAN (4)PERSON (1)PONY EXPRESS (1)

RAILROAD (2)TELEGRAPH (2)TRAIL/ROAD (2)

51

138. BelmontMINING-NATIVE AMERICAN A springthat flows year-round made thisarea an attractive gathering site for ShoshoneIndians and miners. In 1865, silver ore wasdiscovered and Belmont boomed. It was theNye County seat from 1867-1905. A courthouse survives from this period. By 1890, Belmont’spopulation dwindled as most residents left fornew discoveries in nearby mining towns.38.596333, -116.875722 [concrete]

159. IoneMINING In 1863, EuropeanAmericans discovered silver here. Ayear later, Ione City was the first county seat ofthe newly created Nye County. Over 600 people worked in town until a promising ore body inBelmont attracted most of the miners and latercaptured the county seat in 1867.38.949536, -117.585166 [blue]

165. Nevada Test SiteEVENT-MILITARY-NATIVE AMERICANThe nation’s principal nuclearexplosives testing laboratory was locatedwithin this 1,350 square mile, geologicallycomplex area. The first nuclear test took placein 1951. Archeological studies of the testingarea have revealed continuous occupationof the area over the past 9,500 years withSouthern Paiutes being the most recent Native American inhabitants.36.592657, -116.028351 [blue]

171. Chief Tecopa: Peacemakerof the PaiutesNATIVE AMERICAN Chief Tecopawas a young man when the first European

Americans came to Southern Nevada. He is honored for the peaceful relations he maintained between the Southern Paiutes and the settlers who came to live among them.36.209098, -115.989518 [blue]

172. TyboCHINESE-MINING Eight milesnorthwest of this point lies whatwas formerly one of the leading lead-producingdistricts in the nation. Ore was first discoveredin 1866. It’s mainly European residents hadinternal conflicts. Later, the different groupsbanded together to drive away a company ofChinese woodcutters.38.310030, -116.275635 [blue]

173. BeattyMINING-RAILROAD Beatty wasthe center of three short-lived,so-called “gold” railroads that were spawnedby early 1900s strikes in Tonopah, Goldfieldand Rhyolite. The town was referred to as the“Chicago of the West”.36.905963, -116.755789 [blue]

217. Tate’s Stage StationTRAIL/ROAD Thomas Tate sub-contracted mail routes in centralNevada for over thirty years. In 1886, he and his wife established a station due east as anovernight stop between the county seats ofAustin and Belmont.38.978274, -117.196327 [blue]

NYE

52

PERSHING COUNTY MAP

lovelock

53

PERSHING COUNTY

17. Pershing CountyCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-MINING-RAILROAD Travelers on their way to California in the 1840s and 1850s named this rich valley Big Meadows. Mining began here in the 1850s. The coming of the railroad in 1869 brought new growth to the area. Pershing County, established in 1919, was previously part of Humboldt County.40.180457, -118.476651 [stone]

23. Humboldt HouseCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-MINING-RAILROAD Humboldt House, also known as Humboldt Station, was a departure point for Humboldt City, Prince Royal, and the mines in that vicinity. As the Central Pacific Railhead advanced from eastern California, it reached Humboldt House in September 1868. Between 1841 and 1857, 165,000 Americans traveled the California Emigrant Trail past here. 40.598778, -118.251639 [blue]

49. Applegate-Lassen Emigrant Trail CutoffTRAIL/ROAD From 1846-1848, Oregon emigrants successfully traveled the Applegate Trail. In 1848, Peter Lassen, guided a party of ten to twelve wagons bound for California from here to Goose Lake where he turned southward over terrain that was barely passable. It became known as the “Death Route.”40.652280, -118.165702 [blue]

145. UnionvilleEVENT-MINING Southern (Confederate) sympathizers settled in Buena Vista Canyon in 1861 after the discovery of silver ore. Appropriately called Dixie, their camp’s name changed to Unionville in 1862, when the will of the neutral and northern factions of the population prevailed. 40.449753, -118.071769 [blue]

231. Star CityMINING Marker is damaged. Located in the Star Mining District some seven miles west of here, Star City was established in 1861 when rich silver ore was discovered in the area. The town boomed in both 1864 and 1865. All that remains today are crumbling foundations, rusted mill equipment, and memories.40.553250, -118.051641 [blue]

232. Reunion in UnionvilleEVENT-MARK TWAIN Across the road and down about 300 feet was the original Unionville School. Built in 1862, this was the first public structure in Humboldt County. It served the community until its demolition in 1871. Exactly 109 years later, members of the Honorable Order of E Clampus Vitus gathered here to hold a reunion in commemoration of this propitious event. To the rear of this marker is the site where Samuel Clemens allegedly lived briefly before going to Virginia City in 1862 and taking the name Mark Twain. 40.448044, -118.146047 [blue]

CE TRAIL (2)EVENT (2)

MARK TWAIN (1)MINING (4)

RAILROAD (2)TRAIL/ROAD (1)

54

STOREY COUNTY/VIRGINIA CITY MAP

Virginia City

55

STOREY COUNTY/VIRGINIA CITY

13. The Comstock LodeEVENT-MINING Near this spot was the heart of the Comstock Lode, the fabulous 2 ½ mile deposit of high-grade ore that produced nearly $400,000,000 in silver and gold. After the discovery in 1859, Virginia City boomed for 20 years, helping bring Nevada into the union in 1864 and building wealth for investors in San Francisco.39.316170, -119.647265 [stone]

28. Mark TwainPERSON Samuel Clemens was a reporter here in 1863 when he first used the name, Mark Twain. He later described his colorful adventures in Nevada in “Roughing It.”39.310097, -119.649696 [stone]

87. Savage Mansion (1861)ARCHITECTURE-MINING-PERSON This elegant mansion, designed in the French Second Empire style, served as a residence for the superintendent, as well as a mine office for the Savage Mining Company. Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President of the United States, spoke to the townspeople from here in 1879, after a town parade in his honor.39.305347, -119.651000 [stone]

132. Mackay MansionARCHITECTURE-MINING Once owned by John Mackay, the richest man the Comstock ever produced, this elegant mansion

was built in the 1860s. It served as the office for the Gould & Curry Mining Company and the headquarters for Mackay, Fair, Flood, and O’Brian - “Silver Kings” of the Comstock.39.306649, -119.650202 [blue small]

185. McCones’ Foundries RAILROAD In 1862, a foundry was established at Johntown, two miles southeast of here, in Gold Canyon. After a fire in 1872, John McCone bought the Fulton Foundry that was built in Virginia City in 1863. McCone made it into one of the largest foundries in the state and manufactured all the early castings of the Virginia and Truckee Railway.39.298820, -119.655658 [stone]

209. Chollar MineMINING First located in 1859, the Chollar was consolidated with the Potosi in 1865. As the Chollar-Potosi, it was one of the leading producers on the Comstock. The Nevada mill was erected here in 1887. It was the last to use the Washoe pan process, but the first on the Comstock to generate and utilize electric power.39.301941, -119.651126 [blue]

211. Old Geiger Grade MINING-ROAD/TRAIL Constructed in 1862, this old toll road, seen in the canyon below, was the most direct connection between the Comstock Lode and the Truckee

AFRICAN AMERICAN (1)ARCHITECTURE (3)EVENT (3)

MARK TWAIN (1)MINING (5)

PERSON (3)RAILROAD (1)

56

Meadows. It was replaced by the present, New Deal-era highway in 1936.39.372601, -119.667607 [blue]

228. The Great Fire of 1875EVENT The origins of the fire lie within fifty feet of this marker. October 26, 1875, a coal oil lamp was knocked over in a nearby boarding house and burst into flames. Strong winds spread the blaze and thirty-three blocks of structures were leveled. 39.310530, -119.650957 [concrete]

236. Piper’s Opera HouseARCHITECTURE This building was erected by John Piper in 1885. Piper’s Opera House, with its original scenery, raked stage, and elegant proscenium boxes,

is a remarkable survivor of a colorful era in American theatrical history.39.310991, -119.650105 [on building]

266. African Americans and the Boston SaloonAFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY-EVENT-MINING-PERSON Between 1866 and 1875, Free-born William A.G. Brown operated the Boston Saloon, serving Virginia City’s African Americans. Shortly after Brown sold his business, the great fire of 1875 swept through town and destroyed the building. The site of the Boston Saloon is located uphill and to the left of this location at the corner of Union and D Streets now occupied by the Bucket of Blood Saloon parking lot. 39.310567, -119.649497 [on building]

STOREY COUNTY/VIRGINIA CITY

Consolidated Virginia Hoisting Works, Virginia City. Nev. 1877 Photo by Carleton E.

Watkins Courtesy of UNR Special

Collections

57

WASHOE COUNTY MAP

North of Reno

Verdi

58

South Reno

WASHOE COUNTY MAP

Mount Rose Hwy (431)

Old US 395 South of Reno

Northeast of 267

59

Downtown Reno

WASHOE COUNTY MAP

West Reno

60

WASHOE COUNTY

4. Junction HousePERSON-TRAIL/ROAD The earliest emigrants from the east crossed through Truckee Meadows at this point, and by 1853, the intersection was known as Junction House. It was the first permanent settlement in this valley. Governor Sparks owned the property in the late 1890s.39.902459, -119.565753 [stone & inside]

18. Koqyoqe Panunadu - Pyramid LakeNATIVE AMERICAN This lake is a remnant of ancient Lake Lahontan which covered over 8,500 square miles in western Nevada during the Ice Age. This marker provides a history of the Numu (Paiute) people and the encroaching settlers. 39.902459 -119.565753 [blue]

24. OlinghouseMINING-RAILROAD-RANCHING/FARMING Marker missing. Named

for a former teamster-turned-sheepman, Elias Olinghouse, who settled at the base of the Pah Rah mountain range. Olinghouse bought several mining claims and erected a small stamp mill in 1903 to process ores. Both electric and telephone service were installed in 1903, and in 1907 the standard-gauge Nevada Railroad arrived. 39.649233 -119.320997

29. Chinese in NevadaLUMBER-MINING-RAILROAD This honors the heroism and hardihood of the thousands of Chinese Americans who played a major role in the history of Nevada. They built railroads, cut timber, and performed countless tasks. Sizable Chinese communities grew up in Virginia City and other towns.39.534711, -119.753426 [unique]

30. RenoLUMBER-MILITARY-MINING-NATIVE AMERICAN-PERSON-RAILROAD-

ARCHITECTURE (8)CE TRAIL (3)CEMETERY (2)CHINESE (2)DONNER PARTY (2)

EVENT (10)LUMBER (8)MILITARY (4)MINING (8)NATIVE AMERICAN (6)

PERSON (20)RAILROAD (15)RANCHING/FARMING (7)TELEGRAPH (1)TRAIL/ROAD (8)

sparks

61

RANCHING/FARMING-TRAIL/ROAD Before the arrival of European Americans, the Washoe and Paiute people were the only people inhabiting the Truckee Meadows area. European settlement began in the early 1850s. In 1868, land was offered to the Central Pacific Railroad for a depot and the town was laid out. Reno’s transcontinental railroad connection and rail link to the Comstock Lode helped lay the foundation for the economy, as did the lumber industry and the surrounding ranches and farms. Throughout history and into modern day, gambling has been big business. 39.524251, -119.812394 [blue]

43. Derby Diversion Dam PERSON-RANCHING/FARMING Marker missing. Derby Dam diverts the flow of the Truckee River for irrigation use. The dam was authorized in 1903 as part of the Newlands Project, named in honor of Nevada Senator Francis G. Newlands. Operational water diversions began in 1906.39.589009, -119.446226

62. Truckee River WestCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-DONNER-EVENT-NATIVE AMERICAN-RAILROAD Native Americans settled for thousands of years in the Truckee Valley. Their camps were on flats near the river. In 1864, the ill-fated Donner party rested in the Truckee Meadows. Despite the Donner tragedy, many emigrant trains to California traversed the Truckee route. In 1868, the Central Pacific Railroad followed the Truckee’s course. 39.509465, -119.936945 [blue]

63. Truckee River EastPERSON-RAILROAD The river’s first recorded discovery was by Captain John C. Frémont in 1844. That same year the Truckee River became a route for California emigrants until the advent of the Central Pacific Railroad in 1868-1869. After the Southern Pacific took over the railway in 1899 and relocated much of its Nevada alignment, the old roadbed between Sparks and Wadsworth was deeded to Washoe County. In 1958, after reconstruction, this route became the initial section of interstate 80 across Nevada.39.550095, -119.573599 [blue]

68. WadsworthRAILROAD From 1868 until 1884, the Central Pacific’s Truckee Wadsworth Division was located on this site. In 1882, work was started on a new site across the river, and by 1883, a new roundhouse, shop, and other buildings were completed there. After two fires, the railroad planned to move to a new site. In 1904, division facilities moved west to an entirely new location, which became Sparks, Nevada.39.630926, -119.279170 [blue]

79. Grand Army of the Republic CemeteryEVENT-MILITARY In 1890, General OM. Mitchel bought 17 lots in the original Hillside Cemetery for the last resting place for comrades-in arms during the Civil War. Restoration began in 1963 by the Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War and other interested citizens in the Reno area.39.536146, -119.819837 [blue]

WASHOE COUNTY

62

81. Grand Army of the Republic TreeEVENT-MILITARY This tree was planted in soil from Civil War battlefields and dedicated to the memory of the Grand Army of the Republic by the national commander in chief on June 10, 1913. 39.536392, -119.814745 [blue]

88. SparksPERSON-RAILROAD The Southern Pacific Company moved its shops and headquarters from Wadsworth to this location in 1904. Sparks boasted one of the largest roundhouses in the world during the steam era. The famous cab-in-front locomotive type known as Mallets, were the huge steamers hauling both freight and passengers over the steep grades of the Sierra Nevada between Roseville, California and Sparks.39.538224, -119.766486 [blue]

94. The Winters RanchARCHITECTURE-PERSON-RANCHING/FARMING This large Gothic-style structure, completed around 1864, was the ranch home of Theodore and Maggie Winters and their seven children. Winters had a large dairy operation and raised race horses, work horses, beef cattle, and sheep. He was also active in politics and was elected as a territorial representative in 1862.39.310528, -119.823611 [blue]

114. FranktownLUMBER-MINING-RANCHING/FARMING In 1855, Orson Hyde, probate judge of Carson County, Utah Territory, founded Franktown. The town was surrounded by farms.

It also had a sawmill that furnished timber to the Comstock mines and a sixty-stamp quartz mill that crushed ore. The town declined in importance after the completion of the railroad from Carson City to Virginia City in 1869.39.271401, -119.840790 [blue]

128. The Great Train RobberyEVENT-RAILROAD The West’s first train robbery occurred near this site on the night of November 4, 1870. A gang of men concocted an elaborate scheme to rob the Central Pacific Railroad as the train passed through Verdi. 39.517454, -119.988444 [blue]

148. The Two Battles of Pyramid LakeMILITARY-NATIVE AMERICAN-PERSON On May 12, 1860, Northern Paiute (Numu) warriors, fighting to retain their way of life, decisively defeated a volunteer army from Virginia City and nearby settlements. On June 2, 1860, a larger force of volunteers and regular U.S. Army troops engaged Numu warriors in battle. Several hundred warriors, held back forces until their women, children, and elders could escape. Numu war leader, Numaga (young Winnemucca) desired only peace, but he fought back to defend his people.39.749278, -119.331785 [blue]

149. High Rock CanyonNATIVE AMERICAN- PERSON-TRAIL/ROAD Marker removed. This area is important to Native Americans and contains rock shelters, campsites, and petroglyphs (images pecked into the rock surface) that are thousands of years old. In 1843, John C.

WASHOE COUNTY

63

Frémont first journeyed through this canyon. In 1846, the Applegate brothers blazed their trail from Oregon through here to the Humboldt River. By 1849 gold seekers crowded the trail.

152. GerlachNATIVE AMERICAN-PERSON-RAILROAD-TRAIL/ROAD Established after the Western Pacific Railroad (1905-1909) was constructed, Gerlach lies in country occupied by Native Americans for thousands of years. John C. Frémont traveled through these Northern Paiute lands when he camped here in 1843. This was also emigrant country; the Noble Road left the Applegate-Lassen Trail at Black Springs, went past this site, and proceeded southwest through Smoke Creek Desert toward Susanville. 40.651621, -119.354357 [blue]

166. Bowers MansionARCHITECTURE-MINING Bowers Mansion, built in 1864 and restored in 1869, recalls the wealth of the Comstock Bonanza. Lemuel S. “Sandy”& Eilley Orrum Bowers were probably the first millionaires produced by the famous find in Gold Canyon. Misfortune followed fortune and soon all was lost. The property had a succession of owners and from 1903-1946 it was a popular resort under Henry Ritter.39.284693, -119.840610 [blue]

169. Glendale School (1864-1958)ARCHITECTURE-PERSON “Oldest Remaining School Building in Nevada” Archie Bryant built this structure in 1864 and it remains as a testament of his craftsmanship.

It was moved from its original site in 1976 and finally came to rest at this location in 1993. Perhaps the most notable student that attended here was U.S. Senator Patrick A. McCarran.39.534573, -119.754847 [on building]

189. Southern Pacific Railroad YardsEVENT-RAILROAD Soon after 1900, laborers reworked some 373 miles of the original Central Pacific (now the Southern Pacific) line between Reno and Ogden, Utah. In 1904, the terminal in Wadsworth was moved to this location, which became the town of Sparks. The railroad dismantled a huge forty-stall locomotive roundhouse in 1959. The machine and erecting shops are still standing.39.534695, -119.752618 [blue]

191. VerdiLUMBER-RAILROAD-TRAIL/ROAD A log bridge was built across the Truckee River near where Verdi is now located. Known as O’Nell’s Crossing, the site served as a stage stop during the 1860s. Modern Verdi came into being with the construction of the Central Pacific Railroad through Nevada between 1867 and 1869. Verdi was a major mill town and terminal for the shipment of ties and construction timbers. A fire in 1926, plus depletion of timber reserves, resulted in Verdi’s decline.39.515945, -119.993731 [blue]

198. Steamboat SpringsPERSON-RAILROAD-TRAIL/ROAD After the springs were located in 1860, a hospital and bathhouses were built. In 1871, the Virginia & Truckee Railroad built a

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64

terminal at Steamboat. Materials for the silver mines were transferred to freight wagons for the steep haul to Virginia City. Fires destroyed the luxurious buildings, but the therapeutic waters remained and their mineral muds are sought by cosmeticians and race horse owners. President Ulysses S. Grant even visited the springs in 1879.39.379958, -119.742317 [blue]

210. N.C.O. Railroad Depot – 1910ARCHITECTURE-PERSON-RAILROAD This railroad depot was built in 1910 along the Nevada-California-Oregon Railway. Architect Fredric DeLongchamps designed the building. He incorporated several architectural styles in the station (mission, Italianate, and Romanesque Revival). The depot continued to serve the traveling public until 1937.39.530944, -119.809479 [blue]

212. GalenaLUMBER-MINING Galena began as an important lumbering center and mining camp. The Hatch brothers’ quartz mill and smelter were among the earliest erected on this side of the Sierra. Eleven sawmills were operating by 1863. After two disastrous fires in 1865 and 1867, Galena was abandoned.39.362563, -119.817533 [blue]

218. Geiger StationTRAIL/ROAD Seven-tenths of a mile east of this marker was Geiger’s Station, the largest station on the Geiger Grade Toll Road, the main thoroughfare between the Comstock Lode and the ranches of Truckee Meadows. Following the extension of the

Virginia & Truckee Railroad to Reno in August 1872, the toll road fell into disuse, and a few years later it became a public highway. 39.375751, -119.715927 [blue]

220. The Fight of the CenturyEVENT-PERSON At this site on July 4, 1910, Reno hosted ‘The Fight of the Century,” a heavyweight championship boxing match between John Arthur Jack Johnson, the African American title holder, and James J. ‘Jim’ Jeffries, a former champion seeking to regain the title he had vacated in 1904. 39.533188, -119.796434 [blue]

221. Sand HarborLUMBER From 1881-1896, Sand Harbor played an important role in the operations of the Sierra Nevada Wood and Lumber Company that supplied lumber to the Comstock mines during the late 19th century. A steamer towed log rafts from the south end of Lake Tahoe to Sand Harbor. Here the logs were loaded on narrow-gauge railway cars and taken two miles north to a sawmill on Mill Creek.39.200494, -119.929941 [blue]

227. Lake Mansion Home of Myron C. Lake Founder of Reno 1877ARCHITECTURE-PERSON Built by Washington J. Marsh, this property is also on the National Register of Historic Places.39.522695, -119.816047 [blue small]

230. Mount Rose Weather ObservatoryEVENT-PERSON Two miles to the northwest of this point lies Mt. Rose. In 1905,

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65

Dr. James Edward Church, of the University of Nevada, established one of America’s first high-altitude meteorological observatories on this summit. 39.313053, -119.897332 [blue]

234. Moana SpringsARCHITECTURE Opened as a resort in 1905, Moana Springs had a large bath house with a pool fed by hot springs, a hotel and other recreation amenities. The City of Reno purchased Moana in 1956 and the remaining buildings were demolished the next year to make way for a new recreational complex.39.491117, -119.800011 [blue small]

238. Huffaker’sLUMBER-PERSON-RAILROAD-RANCHING/FARMING-TELEGRAPH In 1858, Granville W. Huffaker drove cattle into Truckee Meadows and established his ranch. In 1862, a stage line and post office were added. For ten years, Huffaker’s was the center of the community. In 1875, a pacific lumber and flume operation from the Lake Tahoe Basin was completed. At the terminus of the flume, the Virginia and Truckee Railroad opened a depot and a telegraph office. They also constructed a spur where workers transferred timber.39.441341, -119.771873 [blue]

240. Coney IslandARCHITECTURE From 1909-1912, Coney Island was among the most elaborate amusement parks of its day. An aircraft assembly plant occupied the site in the early “twenties” and an auto court was established here later. All of the buildings were

either burned or torn down when Interstate 80 was constructed.39.534931, -119.780546 [blue]

245. Frederik Joseph DeLongchampsARCHITECTURE-PERSON Frederic Joseph DeLongchamps was Nevada’s foremost architect of his time. He designed many of Nevada’s civil and legal buildings.39.524939, -119.812356 [concrete]

246. The Great Incline of the Sierra NevadaLUMBER Located on the mountain above are the remnants of the “Great Incline of the Sierra Nevada”. Completed in 1880, this lift carried cordwood and lumber up 1,800 feet to a v flume which carried the lumber down to Washoe Valley where it was loaded on wagons for use in the mines of the Comstock.39.236793, -119.928791 [blue]

247. Site of Nevada’s First Public LibraryEVENT-PERSON In 1895, Frank H. Norcross began persuading the Nevada Legislature to enact a law to establish public libraries. The state’s first public library building was erected on this site in 1904, with donations from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie and pioneer Myron C. Lake. It remained in service until 1930 and was demolished in 1931.39.524939, -119.812356 [concrete]

248. Virginia and Truckee Railroad Right-of-WayCHINESE-PERSON-RAILROAD The Virginia & Truckee Railroad was built between

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66

1868 and 1872 to connect the mining and milling communities of the Comstock to the Central Pacific Railroad that ran through Reno. Chinese laborers graded this section during the summer of 1871. The first through train traversed the route in 1872.39.516839, -119.806989 [stone]

253. Emigrant-Donner CampCALIFORNIA EMIGRANT TRAIL-DONNER-EVENT Here at the base of Rattlesnake Mountain, California emigrants established a campground. Once rested, the emigrants turned west to cross the Sierra Nevadas. In 1846, the ill-fated Donner Party spent five days in this area. One member of the party, William Pike, died from being shot accidentally and was buried in the vicinity.39.475754, -119.754121 [concrete]

256. Historic Transportation CE TRAIL-MINING-RANCHING/FARMING-TRAIL/ROAD The historic road corridors from the Truckee Meadows northwestward into the Honey Lake area contain a tangle of intertwined routes following the course of valleys. These routes include portions of an emigrant trail cutoff, toll roads, county roads, and casual parallel routes developed to bypass blockages such as mud holes. This marker talks about the history of these and later roads in the area.39.625214, -119.915506 [stone]

265. Governor Emmet Derby BoyleCEMETERY-PERSON This marker is located in the Mountain View Cemetery on the northeast corner of the intersection of Sequioa and Juniper streets. Eight grave sites to the north of the marker rests Emmet Derby Boyle (1879-1926), the first native-born governor of Nevada. He was known for many things including calling a special session in 1920 to ratify the 19th amendment to the United States Constitution granting women the right to vote. 39.525223, -119.845044 [stone]

267. Galena Creek Fish HatcheryEVENT-MINING This hatchery represents an attempt to make amends after Nevada’s Comstock Lode ravaged the region’s ecosystem in the 1860s and 1870s. Fishing decimated local streams and lakes. Eventually, restocking became an important goal. The county ceased hatchery operations in 1949. 39.352698, -119.860290 [on building]

WASHOE COUNTY

Postcard of horses pulling carriages with caption: Moana Springs, circa

1920 Courtesy of UNR Special Collections

67

WHITE PINE COUNTY MAP

Downtown Ely

Downtown Ely

68

WHITE PINE COUNTY

9. Copper CountryMINING The famed open-pit copper mines of eastern Nevada, including the Liberty Pit, are located two miles south of this point. Through the first half of the twentieth century, this area produced nearly a billion dollars in copper, gold, and silver. The huge mounds visible from here are waste rock, which was removed to uncover the ore.39.283589, -114.964238 [concrete]

51. SchellbourneMILITARY-MINING-PONY EXPRESS-RANCHING/FARMING Schellbourne was located approximately four miles east of this marker. The Pony Express established a mail station there in 1860. Fort Schellbourne, a small military post, protected the station. In the early 1870s, silver ore was discovered in the mountains immediately to the east. After mining dried up, the town was the headquarters for various ranches.39.797254, -114.741044 [blue]

52. Cherry CreekMILITARY-MINING-PONY EXPRESS-TRAIL/ROAD The town of Cherry Creek was part of a network of mining districts. The town peaked in 1882, with over 1,800 residents. Egan Canyon, to the south, was a thoroughfare for, Howard Egan and the Mormon Battalion in 1855. In 1860, the Pony

Express placed a change station at the west opening. From 1861 to 1869, Butterfield’s Overland Mail and Stage established a station here that grew into a small temporary town. Soldiers from Fort Ruby discovered gold in the canyon in 1863, leading to the creation of the town of Egan and a mining district. Like Cherry Creek, to the north, Egan boomed and busted into the 1920s before mining ceased.39.900905, -114.886081 [blue]

53. HamiltonMINING The mines of the White Pine district were first established in 1865. Between 1868 and 1875, they supported many thriving towns including Hamilton, Eberhardt, Treasure City, and Shermantown. These communities, now all ghost towns, are clustered eleven miles south of this point. 39.353654, -115.394466 [blue]

54. Ward Mining DistrictMINING The ghost town of Ward, in the foothills of the Egan Range, lies some eight miles west of here. Booming from 1876 until 1882, with a peak population of 1,500, Ward was somewhat of a lawless mining camp. The town was abandoned by the late 1880s, but new discoveries and better mining methods prompted a resurgence of activity in 1906 and again in the 1960s.39.088861, -114.752903 [blue]

ARCHITECTURE (2)LUMBER (1)MILITARY (2)MINING (10)

PERSON (1)PONY EXPRESS (2)RAILROAD (2)RANCHING/FARMING (2)

TRAIL/ROAD (1)TRAPPING (1)

69

84. Jedediah Strong SmithPERSON-TRAPPING From May to June 1827, Jedediah Smith, explorer and trapper, found a route from California’s central valley to the Great Salt Lake Valley in Utah. He became the first European American to completely cross what is now Nevada. Since Smith’s journal and map have never been found, his exact route is unknown. 39.291445, -114.837921 [blue]

98. Osceola 1872-1940MINING-RANCHING/FARMING Osceola, most famous of the White Pine County gold producers, was one of the longest-lived placer camps in Nevada. The camp produced nearly $5 million, primarily in gold, with some silver, lead, and tungsten. It was a good business town because of its location near the cattle and grain ranches and gardens in the Spring and Snake Valleys.39.071317, -114.449518 [blue]

99. TaylorMINING Silver and gold were discovered by Taylor and John Platt in 1873 in what was to become Taylor, a typical mining community. In seven years, the town boasted a population of 15,000 people. By 1886, Taylor was the center of county activity. Mining continued intermittently until 1919. World War II renewed mining activity temporarily. 39.088917, -114.752759 [blue]

100. Nevada Northern RailwayARCHITECTURE-MINING-RAILROAD The Nevada Consolidated Copper

Company laid 150-miles of track from Cobre, on the Southern Pacific line, to Ely in 1905-1906. Ore was loaded into railroad gondolas at Copper Flat mines, west of Ely, and transported by rail to the smelter at McGill. Passenger service and the “school train” carrying McGill youth to Ely High School ended in 1941. With the closing of local copper mines in 1983, the railroad ceased operations. Currently, part of the line serves the Nevada Northern Railway Museum for live steam rides. The East Ely shop complex for the Railway was listed as a National Historic Landmark District in 2006. 39.252605, -114.878593 [blue]

184. Ward Charcoal OvensARCHITECTURE-LUMBER-MINING These ovens were constructed during the mid 1870’s and are larger and of finer construction than most other ovens found in Nevada. The charcoal was used in the smelters at nearby Ward. As railroads penetrated the west, charcoal was replaced by coke made from coal, and the charcoal industry faded.39.037381, -114.846373 [blue]

269. Ely, Forging The Link MINING-RAILROAD In the mid to late 1800s, Ely was surrounded by silver, gold, and copper mines. In 1887, it became the seat of White Pine County. Ely was the headquarters for the Nevada Northern Railway which connected Ely to the transcontinental railroad. In 1913, a road through Ely was incorporated into the transcontinental Lincoln Highway. 39.248205, -114.891086 [metal stand]

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MARKERS BY TOPICAfrican American History 266

Architecture 25, 35, 40, 41, 59, 67, 70, 71, 72, 75, 80, 87, 91, 93, 94, 100, 122, 125, 127, 132, 153, 161, 166, 169, 170, 175, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, 196, 208, 210, 222, 227, 234, 236, 239, 240, 242, 244, 245, 249, 250, 252, 259, 262, 263, 264, 270

Aviation 134, 179

Basque 129

California Emigrant Trail (CE Trail) 17, 19, 23, 26, 44, 45, 46, 47, 62, 76, 105, 109, 112, 118, 120, 121, 167, 200, 207, 253, 256

Cemetery 2, 73, 77, 79, 121, 203, 233, 265

Chinese 29, 48, 50, 163, 172, 248

Dutch 129

Donner Party 3, 46, 62, 253

Event 12, 13, 22, 37, 39, 40, 57, 58, 62, 79, 81, 107, 119, 121, 127, 128, 145, 150, 160, 161, 163, 165, 177, 180, 189, 190, 196, 200, 208, 220, 228, 229, 230, 232, 243, 247, 253, 257, 258, 266, 267

Lumber 29, 30, 60, 114, 118, 184, 191, 193, 194, 212, 213, 219, 221, 225, 238, 246

Latter-Day Saints (LDS) 36, 39, 102, 115, 160, 182, 207

Mark Twain 28, 78, 177, 232

Military 6, 30, 51, 52, 60, 73, 79, 81, 89, 104, 115, 119, 143, 144, 146, 148, 162, 165, 192, 199, 235

Mining 1, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 24, 29, 30, 38, 39, 42, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 61, 64, 69, 82, 85, 87, 89, 90, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 105, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 132, 133, 138, 145, 146, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 163, 166, 172, 173, 174, 184, 193, 199, 201, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 209, 212, 219, 222, 223, 225, 231, 233, 251, 252, 254, 255, 256, 257, 266, 267, 269

Mormon Trail 56, 205, 214

Native American 2, 10, 18, 27, 30, 38, 40, 41, 42, 47, 62, 69, 77, 82, 86, 89, 91, 103, 110, 111, 131, 136, 137, 138, 140, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 157, 162, 165, 167, 171, 181, 183, 192, 223, 226, 239, 255

Old Spanish Trail 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 40, 56, 139, 141, 142, 197, 214

Person 2, 4, 16, 22, 28, 30, 35, 37, 40, 42, 43, 46, 50, 59, 60, 63, 67, 70, 77, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 91, 94, 107, 116, 118, 119, 121, 122, 125, 131, 133, 134, 139, 143, 148, 149, 152, 164, 169, 175, 176, 179, 188, 190, 192, 198, 210, 214, 220, 224, 225, 227, 230, 233, 238, 245, 247, 248, 251, 255, 258, 259, 263, 265, 266, 270

71

Pony Express 10, 12, 42, 51, 52, 66, 82, 83, 108, 111, 186, 192, 271

Railroad 1, 11, 14, 15, 17, 23, 24, 29, 30, 35, 45, 47, 55, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 76, 88, 95, 100, 101, 105, 106, 112, 113, 116, 128, 130, 152, 154, 167, 173, 174, 178, 185, 187, 189, 191, 194, 195, 198, 204, 210, 213, 224, 237, 238, 239, 248, 249, 269

Ranching/Farming 24, 30, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 43, 48, 51, 55, 74, 82, 89, 94, 98, 102, 106, 109, 114, 122, 126, 129, 130, 133, 160, 164, 178, 187, 194, 207, 215, 224, 238, 251, 252, 255, 256

Spanish Exploration 140

Telegraph 42, 66, 76, 82, 83, 97, 124, 238, 242

Trail/Road 3, 4, 30, 42, 47, 49, 52, 66, 74, 113, 117, 123, 124, 125, 126, 131, 135, 144, 149, 152, 168, 177, 186, 191, 192, 197, 198, 216, 217, 218, 239, 244, 256, 261

Trapping 22, 50, 84, 89

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MARKER PAGE AND COUNTY1 05 Carson City2 33 Humboldt3 23 Elko4 60 Washoe5 39 Lincoln6 14 Clark7 43 Lyon8 36 Lander9 68 White Pine10 09 Churchill11 30 Eureka12 19 Douglas13 55 Storey14 27 Esmeralda15 50 Nye16 47 Mineral17 53 Pershing18 60 Washoe19 09 Churchill20 27 Esmeralda21 33 Humboldt22 33 Humboldt23 53 Pershing24 60 Washoe25 05 Carson City26 09 Churchill27 09 Churchill28 55 Storey29 60 Washoe30 60 Washoe31 14 Clark32 14 Clark33 14 Clark34 14 Clark 35 14 Clark36 14 Clark37 14 Clark

38 39 Lincoln39 39 Lincoln40 14 Clark41 15 Clark42 50 Nye43 61 Washoe44 05 Carson City45 23 Elko46 23 Elko47 23 Elko48 23 Elko49 53 Pershing50 23 Elko51 68 White Pine52 68 White Pine53 68 White Pine54 68 White Pine55 39 Lincoln56 15 Clark57 39 Lincoln58 50 Nye59 36 Lander60 47 Mineral61 43 Lyon62 61 Washoe63 61 Washoe64 50 Nye65 30 Eureka66 36 Lander67 36 Lander68 61 Washoe69 24 Elko70 05 Carson City71 05 Carson City72 05 Carson City73 24 Elko74 43 Lyon

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75 05 Carson City76 05 Carson City77 05 Carson City78 06 Carson City79 61 Washoe80 30 Eureka81 62 Washoe82 30 Eureka83 09 Churchill84 69 White Pine85 43 Lyon86 15 Clark87 55 Storey88 62 Washoe89 33 Humboldt90 39 Lincoln91 06 Carson City92 47 Mineral93 39 Lincoln94 62 Washoe95 37 Lander96 50 Nye97 50 Nye98 69 White Pine99 69 White Pine100 69 White Pine101 27 Esmeralda102 15 Clark103 15 Clark104 15 Clark105 33 Humboldt106 24 Elko107 24 Elko108 24 Elko109 24 Elko110 09 Humboldt111 09 Churchill

112 24 Elko113 43 Lyon114 62 Washoe115 15 Clark116 16 Clark117 19 Douglas118 19 Douglas119 37 Lander120 19 Douglas121 19 Douglas122 19 Douglas123 19 Douglas124 20 Douglas125 20 Douglas126 20 Douglas127 43 Lyon128 62 Washoe129 20 Douglas130 20 Douglas131 20 Douglas132 55 Storey133 27 Esmeralda134 06 Carson City135 09 Churchill136 37 Lander137 37 Lander138 51 Nye139 16 Clark140 16 Clark141 16 Clark142 16 Clark143 33 Humboldt144 34 Humboldt145 53 Pershing146 34 Humboldt147 10 Churchill148 62 Washoe

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149 62 Washoe150 16 Clark151 25 Elko152 63 Washoe153 25 Elko154 47 Mineral155 27 Esmeralda156 27 Esmeralda157 27 Esmeralda158 28 Esmeralda159 51 Nye160 40 Lincoln161 10 Churchill162 34 Humboldt163 44 Lyon164 34 Humboldt165 51 Nye166 63 Washoe167 34 Humboldt168 16 Clark169 63 Washoe170 30 Eureka171 51 Nye172 51 Nye173 51 Nye174 28 Esmeralda175 06 Carson City176 37 Lander177 44 Lyon178 10 Churchill179 06 Carson City180 06 Carson City181 06 Carson City182 40 Lincoln183 47 Mineral184 69 White Pine185 55 Storey

186 44 Lyon187 30 Eureka188 16 Clark189 63 Washoe190 17 Clark191 63 Washoe192 44 Lyon193 06 Carson City194 06 Carson City195 17 Clark196 07 Carson City197 17 Clark198 63 Washoe199 44 Lyon200 44 Lyon201 10 Churchill202 10 Churchill203 40 Lincoln204 40 Lincoln205 40 Lincoln206 40 Lincoln207 20 Douglas 208 37 Lander209 55 Storey210 64 Washoe211 55 Storey212 64 Washoe213 07 Carson City214 17 Clark215 10 Churchill216 10 Churchill217 51 Nye218 64 Washoe219 21 Douglas220 64 Washoe221 64 Washoe222 31 Eureka

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223 45 Lyon224 17 Clark225 21 Douglas226 21 Douglas227 64 Washoe228 56 Storey229 25 Elko230 64 Washoe231 53 Pershing232 53 Pershing233 45 Lyon234 65 Washoe235 07 Carson City236 56 Storey237 47 Mineral238 65 Washoe239 34 Humboldt240 65 Washoe241 Never Assigned242 28 Esmeralda243 07 Carson City244 25 Elko245 65 Washoe246 65 Washoe247 65 Washoe248 65 Washoe

249 40 Lincoln250 07 Carson City251 25 Elko252 07 Carson City253 66 Washoe254 31 Eureka255 45 Lyon256 66 Washoe257 45 Lyon258 07 Carson City259 07 Carson City260 Never Assigned261 21 Douglas262 45 Lyon263 10 Churchill264 45 Lyon265 66 Washoe266 56 Storey267 66 Washoe268 Never Assigned269 69 White Pine270 17 Clark271 10 Churchill

MARKER PAGE AND COUNTY

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