Neutron from low temperature D2 gas in a magnetic field
Transcript of Neutron from low temperature D2 gas in a magnetic field
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Neutron emission from D2 gas in magnetic field under low
temperatureTadahiko Mizuno, Tadashi Akimoto, Akito
Takahashi1 and Francesco Celani2
• Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan• 1:Emeritus Professor of Osaka University,
Japan• 2:INFN-LNF, Frascati, Rome, Italy
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Contents
• 1: Before works• 2: Experimental • 3: Results• 4: Theory• 5: Discussion
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Experimental study
• Neutron during electrolysis• Transmutation material• Isotopic Change• Neutron from alternative treatment in heavy
water and light water • Neutron from pure deuterium gas
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Reports for neutron emission• Chicea, D. and D. Lupu, Low-intensity neutron emission from TiDx samples under
nonequilibrium conditions. Fusion Technol., 2001. 39: p. 108. • Choi, E., H. Ejiri, and H. Ohsumi, Application of a Ge detector to search for fast
neutrons from DD fusion in deuterized Pd. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 1993. 32A: p. 3964. • Choi, E., et al., Search for time-correlated fast neutrons from DD fusion at room
temperature. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 1996. 35: p. 2793. • Cisbani, E., et al., Neutron Detector for CF Experiments. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res. A, 2001. 459: p. 247. No neutron• Claytor, T.N., D.G. Tuggle, and H.O. Menlove. Tritium Generation and Neutron
Measurements in Pd-Si Under High Deuterium Gas Pressure. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Ita: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
• Jones, S.E., et al. Neutron Emissions from Metal Deuterides. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA:
• Oya, Y., et al. Material Conditions to Replicate the Generation of Excess Energy and the Emission of Excess Neutrons. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
• Shyam, A., et al. Observation of High Multiplicity Bursts of Neutrons During Electrolysis of Heavy Water with Palladium Cathode Using the Dead-Time Filtering Technique. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
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Neutron emission during electrolysis (1995)
(Pd-D2O)
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Measurement system
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Results (Shyam、1995)
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Heat and neutron during electrolysis (1998)
Pd-LiOD
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Measurement
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electrolysis
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Results
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Neutron emission by phase transition (2001)
(Ti-D2)
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Experimental system
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Results (Chicea,2001)
Background=226±1 5c/10min
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Neutron emission from TiD (2003) (Ti-D2)
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Measurement
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Cell
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Results(Jones)
Background= 2.0±0.2c/h
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First method neutron measurement system
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Closed cell
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Result
2.45MeVに相
当するピークが認められる
中性子エネルギー/MeV
中性子数
2.45 MeV of neutron energy peak
Neu
tron
coun
ts
Energy/MeV
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Result from the first method
• Heat , transmutation elements and neutron• Rate of neutron emission:σ=10-23/d-d・s• Difference between light and heavy water• Difference between electrode material• Theory
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Variety of reaction method
• Electrolysis method (Pd, Pt, Ti, Ni electrode)• Electrolysis by molten salt (KCl-LiCl-LiD)• Electrolysis of solid electrolyte• Discharge in D2 gas• Irradiation by deuteron ion• Irradiation by ultra sonic sound• D2 gas absorption• Plasma electrolysis• Phase transitions
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100% D2O
+0.2M K2CO3
Pt anode
Pd electrode
Second method D2 absorption
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Pd electrode
0.2M K2CO3-H2OPt anode
Hydrogen absorption
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Electrolyte and sample
• Pd wire; Nilaco 99.95%, 1.0mmΦ×30mm• D2O; Acros Organic Co., 100%• K2CO3 ; Kanto chemical Co., 99.5%
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He3 detector
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0 1 2 3 4 50
50
100
150
200
250
0
2
4
6
8
10
単位 千
Time/1000s
Temperature/C and Voltage/V
Current/A
Voltage
Electrolytetemperature
Current
Voltage change in light water solution
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0 1 2 3 4 50
20
40
60
80
100
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
単位 千
Time/s
Temperature/℃
,Voltage/V and Current/A
Count rate/s
cfdata\Pd10131B
Voltage
Temperature
Current
Neutron emission
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0 1 2 3 4 50
0.5
1
1.5
2
1E-03
1E-02
1E-01
1E+00
1E+01
単位 千
Time/1000s
Power efficiency; Out/In
Couting rate/s
cfdata\Pd10131B
Power eff. Neutron
Log presentation for neutron
Background= 0.002±0.001 c/s
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80 85 90 95 1000
500
1000
1500
2000
単位
千
Deuterium purity in electrolyte (%)
Total neutron emission/1000
file0004
Neutron emission was depended on the concentration of deuterium in heavy water
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Results obtained by the second method
• Neutron emitted 5 in 10 test.• Total number of neutron were 105~106.• Rate of neutron emission;• σ=1.5×10-17/d-d・s• Neutron emission was depended on the
purity of heavy water.
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Third method
• D2 gas • Temperature; -196℃.• Magnetic field• Reacted materials, neutron,Q-mass
analysis.
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D2 gas cylinder
Neutron detectorCell
View of experimental
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Schematic representation for measurement system
He3 detector
He3 detector
He3 detector
Cd film
DC power
Magnetic coil
Reactor tube
Liq. N2D2 gas
sylinderーVacuum
pump
Styrofoam
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Reactor tube
reactor Magnetic coil
Liq. N2
30cm
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Reactor tube
magnetic coil
reactor
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Neutron emission average value in 10min
0 1 2 30
5
10
15
20
単位 千
Time/1000min
Count/10min
C ount/10min
50min mov. avg.
90min mov. avg.
DD cluster reactiondistance between cell and detector:30cm
backup\dd30725#.wk4
BG=2.7±1.9c/10min
Next graph
D2 gas in, 3atm
D2 gas out
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0 100 200 3000
2
4
6
Time/min
Counts/s
Neutron emission
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Neutron emission real time
0 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 00 . 0 0 0 1
0 . 0 0 1
0 . 0 1
0 . 1
1
1 0
T i m e / m i n
Counts/s
background
0.0045±0.003c/s
5c/s =B.G.×1000
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0 1 2 30
5
10
15
20
単位 千
Time/1000min
counts/10min
dd30707$
Change for background count
1.8±1.3c/10min
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Neutron emission
0 1 2 30
2
4
6
8
10
単位 千
Time/1000min
Count/10min
C ount/10min
50min mov. avg.
90min mov. avg.
DD cluster reactiondistance between cell and detector:30cm
backup\dd30730#.wk4
B.G.=2.9 ±1.6c/s
D2 gas in, 3atm D2 gas out
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Neutron emission
0 50 100 1500
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Time/min
neutron/s
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Neutron emission real time
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
Time/min
neutron/s
B.G. = 0.00475±0.0027c/s
0.33c/s
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0 1 2 3 4 50
5
10
15
20
単位 千
Time/1000min
Count/10min
C ount/10min
50min mov. avg.
90min mov. avg.
DD cluster reactiondistance between cell and detector:30cm
backup\dd30805#.wk4
3atm. H2 gas 8kG、
-196 ℃
H2 gas in、3atm H2 gas out
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0 200 400 600 800 10000
5
10
15
20
Time/1000min
Count/10min
C ount/10min
50min mov. avg.
90min mov. avg.
DD cluster reactiondistance between cell and detector:30cm
backup\dd30725#.wk4
3atm D2 gas、8kG、
20 ℃
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Rate of neutron emission at various condition
Gas Mag. field Temperature Neutron count
Air 8kG 20℃
0.60c/min
Air 8kG -196℃
0.58c/min
Vac. 5kG 20℃
0.59c/min
Vac. 8kG -196℃ 0.54c/min
H2 8kG 20℃
0.52c/min
H2 8kG -196℃
0.82c/min
D2 8kG -196℃
5c/s
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Results obtained by the third method
• Neutron can be generated without some medium.
• Neutron generated at the condition of D2 gas,low temperature and magnetic field.
• Neutron generated as burst and sporadic. • σ=10-16/d-d・s
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Proton--Neutron Superconductivity in N~Z Nuclei Witold Nazarewicz,
University of Tennessee-Knoxville and Oak Ridge National Laboratory Stuart Pittel
Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware Lay Language Description of Session E8 Saturday, April 19, 1997, 8 AM
Joint APS/AAPT Meeting, Washington, DC
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EVIDENCE FOR CLUSTER IMPACT FUSION swings back and forth. This phenomenon, in which the rate for d-d fusion would be enhanced by many orders of magnitude if a beam of clusters of D2O molecules (rather than free deuterons) were collided with a deuterated target, was first reported by a Brookhaven team in 1989. A new experiment carried out at the University of Washington in Seattle finds no evidence for cluster impact fusion, at least not for small water clusters such as OD-, O2D3-, and O3D5-. (R. Vandenbosch et al., Physical Review Letters, 16 December 1991.)
Cluster Fusion
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Superconductive model
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Deuterium and electron motion