Neutrino Masses and the Quest for Unification
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Transcript of Neutrino Masses and the Quest for Unification
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Neutrino Masses and the Quest for UnificationNeutrino Masses and the Quest for Unification
K.S. BabuK.S. Babu
Oklahoma State UniversityOklahoma State University
Physics SeminarPhysics Seminar
Wichita State University, Wichita, KSWichita State University, Wichita, KS
November 6, 2013November 6, 2013
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Cosmic Gall
Neutrinos, they are very small. They have no charge and have no
mass And do not interact at all.
The earth is just a silly ball To them, through which they
simply pass, Like dustmaids down a drafty hall
Or photons through a sheet of glass.
They snub the most exquisite gas, Ignore the most substantial wall, Cold-shoulder steel and sounding
brass, Insult the stallion in his stall.
And, scorning barriers of class, Infiltrate you and me! Like tall
And painless guillotines, they fall Down through our heads into the
grass.
At night, they enter at Nepal And pierce the lover and his lass
From underneath the bed—you call It wonderful; I call it crass.
John Updike Telephone Poles and Other Poems,
1963
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• Postulated by Pauli as a desperate measure to restore momentum and energy conservation in beta decay (1930)
• Electron type neutrino discovered by Reines and Cowan in reactor experiments (1956) -- Nobel Prize in 1995
• Muon type neutrino produced in accelerators by Lederman, Schwartz, Steinberger et al (1962) – Nobel Prize in 1988
• LEP experiments measure N(nu) = 2.994 +-0.012 (1991-2002)• Neutrinos from the Sun detected by Davis et al (1968) – Nobel Prize in
2002• Neutrinos from Supernova 1987A detected in US and Japan -- Koshiba,
Nobel Prize in 2002• Neutrino oscillations discovered in atmospheric neutrinos [IMB,
Kamiokonde Hints (1988), Discovery by SuperKamiokande (1998)]• Solar neutrino deficit confirmed by various experiments and interpreted as
evidence for neutrino oscillations (1968 –)• Reactor antineutrino oscillations discovered – Daya Bay (2012), RENO,
DoubleChooz, T2K
A Brief History of Neutrinos
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•
Neutrinos from the Sun
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Neutrinos from the sky
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L/E Dependence of atmospheric neutrinos
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Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment
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Global Fit to 3-Neutrino Oscilaltions
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Minkowski (1977)Yanagida (1979)Gell-Mann, Ramond, Slansky (1979)Mohapatra, Senjanovic (1980)
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Leptons
Quarks
Disparity a challenge for Quark-Lepton unified theories.
Neutrino mixing versus quark mixing
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Neutrino Masses Probe the Scale of Unification of all Forces
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The Greatest Equations Ever?
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Tied for 1st place:
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Top Finishers
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Quantum Mechanics & Relativity
Dirac’s Equation (1927)
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Antiparticles
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Quantum Electrodynamics
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Great Success of Quantum Electrodynamics
e
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+
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R +Test charge
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+-R
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q
g
g g
g g
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Causes charge screening
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Causes color charge anti-screening
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Gross, Wilczek, Politzer Nobel Prize, 2004
Asymptotic freedom
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ddu
uud
e, , W±, Z0
e,
Energy
1 GeV 102 GeV 1016 GeV 1019 GeV
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With SUSY, Quadratic Divergence Cancels
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SM ParticlesSM Particles SUSY PartnersSUSY Partners
Spin = 1/2 Spin = 0
Spin = 0 Spin = 1/2
Spin = 1 Spin = 1/2
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More Hints in favor of GUTs
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Standard Model
SO(10)
Structure of Matter Multiplets
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Sakai, Yanagida (1982)
Weinberg (1982)
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(Dimopoulos-Wilczek mechanism)
Proton Decay in Supersymmetric SO(10)
Dimopoulos, Wilczek (1981)Babu, Barr (1993)Barr, Raby (2000)
Babu, Pati, Wilczek (2000)Babu, Pati, Tavartkiladze (2010)
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Gauge coupling evolution in explicit SO(10) model
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Correlation between two modes of proton decay
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Proton lifetime expectations
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Model has only 11 real parameters plus 7 phases
Minimal SO(10) Model
Babu, Mohapatra (1993)Fukuyama, Okada (2002)Bajc, Melfo, Senjanovic, Vissani (2004)Fukuyama, Ilakovac, Kikuchi, Meljanac, Okada (2004)Aulakh et al (2004)
Bertolini, Frigerio, Malinsky (2004)Babu, Macesanu (2005)Bertolini, Malinsky, Schwetz (2006)Dutta, Mimura, Mohapatra (2007)Bajc, Dorsner, Nemevsek (2009)
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Fit Input at GUT scale
Output: Type II Seesaw
Babu, Macesanu (2005)
Specific Example for Quark & Lepton masses
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Theta(13) in Minimal SO(10)
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Summary and Conclusions
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Acknowledgments