NEUROSKY TECHNOLOGYM.Tejasri(1602-11-733-056)

INTRODUCTIONNeurosky is a Silicon Valley company located at California.Produces innovative biosensors in hundreds of wearable products of body and mind health.These solutions capture,quantify and reveal unique health and wellness insights.People can monitor and improve performance of body and mind.

OUT LOOKIntroductionWorking PrinciplesMajor SpecificationsMajor ApplicationsAdvantagesDisadvantagesProducts on-shelfConclusion

What are brain waves?All brain cells communicate via electrical signals. Ones brain contains about 100 billion neurons, well over the number of stars in our galaxy. Each neuron is connected to about 10,000 other neurons, making for about 100 to 500 trillion neuron-to-neuron connections in the brain. Our current technology cannot see whats happening at the neuron level. Theyre just too small, and theres just too many of them. However, our technology can see overallpatternsof brain activity. Neurons firing

Brainwave EntrainmentAlso called brainwave synchronization. It purportedly depends upon a "frequency following" response on the assumption that the human brain has a tendency to change its dominant EEG frequency towards the frequency of a dominant external stimulus.One study showed that when two people are in the same room, their brainwaves and heartbeats become entrained that is, their brainwaves become matched up in frequency.

Methods to study brain functionFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Electroencephalography (EEG)MagnetoencephalographyElectrocorticography (ECG)

Brain-computer interface (BMI)often called a mind-machine interface (MMI), is a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device. BCIs are often directed at assisting, augmenting, or repairing human cognitive or sensory-motor functions.

Brain wave sensorBrain wave sensor is the sensor to capture the signals generatedby brain activities. Data acquisition device implementing EEG measurement is nothingbut a net of voltmeters.Nowadays, the brain wave sensor refers more on the data fusionand processing technology than sensing itself. Most products areturnkey (whole set) involving sensing with applications.

WORKING PRINCIPLEElectroencephalography (EEG) An electroencephalogram is a test that measures and records the electrical activity of ones brain.

Source of EEG activityThe brain's electrical charge is maintained by billions of neurons.Neurons are electrically charged (or "polarized") by membrane transportproteins that pump ions across their membranes. Neurons are constantlyexchanging ions with the extracellular milieu, for example to maintainresting potential and to propagate action potentials. Ions of like chargerepel each other, and when many ions are pushed out of many neurons atthe same time,they can push their neighbors, who push their neighbors,and so on, in a wave.This process is known as volume conduction.When the wave of ions reaches the electrodes on the scalp, they can pushor pull electrons on the metal on the electrodes. The difference in push orvoltage between any two electrodes can be measured by a voltmeter.Recording these voltages over time gives us the EEG.

EEG RECORDING

WORKING PRINCIPLEEEG Wave patternsDelta is the frequency range up to 4 Hz. It tends to be the highest in amplitude and the slowest waves.Theta is the frequency range from 4 Hz to 7 Hz. Theta is seen normally in young children. It may be seen in drowsiness or arousal in older children and adults; it can also be seen in meditation.Alpha is the frequency range from 8 Hz to 12 Hz. Hans Berger named the first rhythmic EEG activity he saw as the "alpha wave".Beta is the frequency range from 12 Hz to about 30 Hz. It is seen usually on both sides in symmetrical distribution and is most evident frontally. Beta activity is closely linked to motor behavior and is generally attenuated during active movements. [6]Gamma is the frequency range approximately 30100 Hz. Gamma rhythms are thought to represent binding of different populations of neurons together into a network for the purpose of carrying out a certain cognitive or motor function. [7]Mu ranges 813 Hz., and partly overlaps with other frequencies. It reflects the synchronous firing of motor neurons in rest state.

EEG WAVES

Brainwaves, Not ThoughtsNeuroSky ThinkGear technology digitizes analog electrical brainwaves to power the user-interface of games, education and investigative applications. A monumental hurdle lies in distinguishing brain signal from the noise that comes from ambient electricity, muscle movement, etc. Such interferences are digitally filtered and eliminated. Raw brain signals are amplified and processed delivering concise input to the device. Algorithms come from both NeuroSky as well as research institutions and universities, and currently include attention, meditation, and physical eyeblinks. NeuroSky technology accurately measures brainwaves today, but is busy in labs throughout the world advancing development in new areas of emotional EEG, Electromyogram (EMG), Electro-Oculogram (EOG) and Electrocardiogram (ECG). For a deeper scientific description of our technology.

The NeuroSky MindSet headset is our first manifestation available for researchers. As a turnkey EEG data acquisition tool, it measures raw, power band and algorithm output for use with BCI2000, MATLAB and proprietary applications. New developer kits for capacitive sensors, multi-channel sensors and Steady State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) are all currently available to preferred partners. For more information on our developer hardware kits.

THINKGEAR PRODUCTS

NEURO MINDSET

ADVANTAGESEEG based brain wave sensorEEG sensors can be used in more places than fMRI, SPECT, PET, MRS, or MEG, as these techniques require bulky and immobile equipment. For example, MEG requires equipment consisting of liquid helium-cooled detectors that can be used only in magnetically shielded rooms, altogether costing upwards of several million dollars; and fMRI requires the use of a 1-ton magnet in, again, shielded room.EEG has higher temporal resolution - milliseconds, rather than seconds - it can, in fact, take as many as 2000 samples per second Only MEG rivals these speeds.EEG is relatively tolerant of subject movement, unlike all other neuroimaging techniques. There even exist methods for minimizing, and even eliminating movement artefacts in EEG data

DISADVANTAGESEEG based brain wave sensorSignificantly lower spatial resolution compared to other measuring approaches. EEG determines neural activity that occurs below the upper layers of the brain (the cortex) very poorlyUnlike PET and MRS, cannot identify specific locations in the brain at which various neurotransmitters, drugs, etc. can be found. Often takes a long time to connect a subject to EEG, as it requires precise placement of dozens of electrodes around the head and the use of various gels, saline solutions, and/or pastes to keep them in place. While the length of time differs dependent on the specific EEG device used, as a general rule it takes considerably less time to prepare a subject for MEG, fMRI, MRS, and SPECT.Signal-to-noise ratio is very poor, so sophisticated data analysis and relatively large numbers of subjects are needed to extract useful information from EEG

ON-SHELF PRODUCTSNeuroSkyMindSet HeadsetMindWave Headset w/ Education BundleMindBandThinkGear AMBrain Athlete

ON - SHELF PRODUCTSNeuroSky MindSet Overview [vi] The MindSet was the rst mass market EEG headset when it debuted in 2009. The device consists of earphone, amicrophone, and a sensor arm. The headsets reference and ground electrodes are on the ear phones and the EEGelectrode is on the end of the sensor arm, sitting on the forehead above the eye. Not only can it collect research-gradeEEG data, but it features a set of high-quality Bluetooth enabled wireless headphones complete with microphone. TheMindSet is versatile, compact, and portable. It is an excellent choice for gaming, research, or public installations.Measures: Raw-Brainwaves EEG power spectrums (Alpha, Beta, etc.) eSense meter for Attention and Meditation

CONCLUSIONSince brainwaves are weak electric signals, contactless monitoring is difficult.Researchers are trying to introduce new products.Make an intelligence video games by using malty sensors,you can make a brain browser.