Neuromuscular Stimulation (NMS) - Neurotrac · Electrical stimulation can act as a life ... This...
Transcript of Neuromuscular Stimulation (NMS) - Neurotrac · Electrical stimulation can act as a life ... This...
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NeuroTrac® Electrode Placement Manual
Electrode Placement Manual
Visit our website: www.veritymedical.co.uk for detailed application protocols
Neuromuscular Stimulation (NMS)
NeuroTrac® Electrode Placement Manual
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Contents Page
Introduction 4 Muscleprofile 4 Classificationofthevarioustypesofmuscularfibres 5 Howdoesthemusclecontract 5 Redmusclefibretype1 8 WhitemuscleF.O.GfibretypeIIa 8 WhitemuscleF.O.GfibretypeIIb 9 TypeIImfibres 9 Limitationsofthepresentfibreclassifications 9 Musclefibredistribution 10
Muscle Profile (trained muscle) 11 Typesofmusclefibres 11
Selection of parameters 12 Pulsewidthselection 13 Channelselection 13 Work/Restselection 13 Selectionofelectrodesizes 14
Electrodes positioning forSTIM(NMS),EMGandETS 14
Electrode placement 15 Abdominals 15 Waistlineshaping 16 Intestinaltension 16 Deltoids 17 Shoulders 17 Latimusdorsi 18 Trapezius 18 Lowerback 19
Contents
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Contents Page
Erectorspinalis 20 Elbows 20 Triceps 21 Biceps 21 Extensorofthewrist 22 Flexorofthewrist 22 Wrist 23 Handregeneration 24 Handstimulation 25 Back&legs 26 Gluteus 26 Adductors 27 Innerthigh 27 Outsidethigh 28 Femoralbiceps 28 Hamstrings 29 Quadriceps 29 Fluidtension 30 Innerknee 30 Calves 31 Tibialisanterior 31 Peroneus 32 Knee 32 Anklemalaise 33 Ankles 33 Metataraus 34 Soleoffoot 35 Heel 35
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Ithasbeenshownthatnervescontrolmusclebytransmittinganeurologicalcode.Thiscodeormessageoccursintwofrequencyrangesaccordingtothetypeofmusclefibrerequired.Posturalfibresrequireatonicfeedingattherateof10pulsespersecond[Hz].Ifappliedforperiodsofapprox.onehoureveryday,itispossibletosupporttheessentialcharacteristicsofthemuscle.Electricalstimulationcanactasalifesupportuntilthenormalfunctioncanberesumed.Thisisachievedbypreservingcapillarybeddensity,musclebulkandtheessentialabilitytouseoxygen.
Thesecondfrequencyrangeoccursat30pulsespersecond[Hz].Thisfrequencyrelaysinformationtothefastmusclefibres,whichsupportspowertomusclemovement.Thisfeedingofthemuscleoccursnaturallyinaphasicway.Electricalstimulationtreatmentprotocolstopromotethesefibresaregivenformuchshorterperiodsthantheslowtwitchfibres.
Thisphysiologicalapproachtoneuromuscularstimulationalsorequirespulsesthatareshapedsimilartothenaturallyoccurringnervesignalsthathaveverybriefpulsewidths.Bymimickingnatureasaccuratelyaspossible,electricalstimulationhasbeenusedforlongperiodswhenrequired,withoutcausingsideeffects.
Muscle profileWhenthemusclereceivesanelectricalimpulseitstartstocontract,whetherthepulseoriginatesfromthebrainorisproducedbyelectricalstimulation.Averyshortelectricalstimulationburst,howeveronlyproducesashortcontractionor“singleshock”afterwhichthemuscleimmediatelyreturnstoitsnaturalshapeandlengthwhenatrest.However,ifthestimulationisrepeatedrapidlymanytimesinsuccession,weobservethattheeffectsofthecontractionareadditiveduetothesuperimpositionofthecontractionstagesandtheinabilityofthemuscletorelax.Thisphenomenoniscalledincompletetetanus.Neither“singleshock”norincompletetetanusisnormallyobservedinvoluntaryactioninhumans.
However,astateofmuscularcontractioncausedbyrepeatedelectricalstimulationofthemotornerveswithafrequencysufficientlyhightomergetheindividualshocksandmakethemindistinguishablefromeachotheriscalled“completetetanus”Inthisscenario,themusclecontractsandbecomesfirmduetothevoltagegeneratedwithinthemuscleand,exertsameasurableforceatitstendonousends.Almostall-muscularcontractionsnormallyoccurringinhumanmusclehavethecharacteristicsofa“completetetanus.
Introduction
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Classification of the various types of muscular fibresTheskeletalmusclesarecomposedofacollectionofmuscularfibresandhavevariationshapesaccordingtothemechanicalfunctionstheyarerequiredtoperform;broaddifferences,however,maybediscoveredinahistologicalexaminationofthefibresandthesearestrictlyconnectedwiththemethodbywhichaparticularmuscleisrequiredtoperformitstask.Analysisofthefibresusingachemicalcolourationtechniquehasrevealedthepresenceofvariousdifferentanaerobicandaerobicenzymesandthesametechniquehaspermittedthevariousoccurringintheactivitiesoftheseenzymestoberevealed.
How does the muscle contractSkeletal[striated]muscleismadeofnumerouslongthinparallelfilamentsnamedmuscularfibresrunningbetweentendonsbymeansofwhichtheyareconnectedtothebones[seeFigure1].
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Figure1
SARCOMEREACTIN ACTIN
MYOSIN
MYOFIBRIC
MUSCLEFIBRE
BUNDLEOFMUSCLEFIBRES
MUSCLE
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Muscularfibrescontainbundlesoffilaments,surroundedbythesarcoplasmaticnetworkknownasmyofibrilandeachmyofibrilconsistsinturnofasequenceofmanymicroscopiccylindricalelements,thesarcomeres,connectedtogetherlongitudinallycreatingthecontractilemotorofthemuscle.Thesarcomerehasastructureofcylindricalformandinsideitcontainsthisfilamentsofactinthatareconnectedatisends[lineZ]interspersedwiththickerfilamentsofmyosin{seeFigure2}.
Figure2
Whenanelectricalimpulsereachesthemuscle,anactivatedvoltagetravelsalongtheperimeterofthecellularmembraneandthroughthesystemoftubesatTpenetratesdeeplyintothemusclecellcreatingthereleaseofcalciumionsinsidethesarcomere.Thereleaseofcalciumcausesattachmentsofspecificpartsofthethickfilamentofmyosintothethinfilamentsofactinandtheconstructionofbridgesbetweenmolecules{acto-myosinbridges}.
Therotationthatoccursonthedistalportionofthebridge–headproducesaslidingofthefilamentsbetweeneachother,whichistheactualmechanismofcontraction.
Figure3
ACTINMYOSINMYOSIN
ACTIN
MYOSIN
ACTIN
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Therotationoftheheadofthemyosinfromposition2toposition3producesreciprocalmotionofthefilamentsofactinandmyosin;thismechanismisthebasisofallmuscularcontraction.ThemutualslidingproducesthelinesZtoapproacheachotherandshorteningofthesarcomeres,whichbeingaddedtothatofallthesarcomeresplacedinseries,generatestheoverallshorteningofthemusclethatoccursineverymuscularcontraction.
Thefilamentsdonotchangetheirlengthwhenthemusclecontracts,butslidebetweeneachotherchangingtheirmutualposition.
Red muscle fibre type 1ThesetypeoffibresarealsocalledSTfibres[slowcontractingfibres]orSOfibres[slowfibreswithoxidativemetabolism].
Themotorneuronethatinnervatesthemistonicandhasalowspeedofconduction.Fibresofthisnatureareredincolour[therednessduetothepresenceofthemyoglobinmolecule].Insidethemthereisalargenumberofmitochondriaandoxidativeenzymesthatexplainsthereasonwhythemajorityoftheintramitochondrialoxidativephosphorilationprocesstakeplaceinthesefibres.Averyhighcontentoflipidsandmyoglobinisalsoassociatedwiththesemetabolicfunctions.Thesetype1muscularfibresarehighlyresistanttofatiguesincetheyareresponsibleforalltypesofactivitiesofatonicnature,slowactingandassociatedwithmaintainingposture.Theseslowfibresaresurroundedbyadensenetworkofcapillariesthatpermitoptimumperformanceoftheaerobicmetabolisminaprolongedactivityassociatedwiththemodestexertionofforce.Theseredmusclefibresgivethestrengthtothemuscleandsupportthejoint.Theyarefibresthatareveryimportantinallendurancesports,suchascycling,running,swimming,tennis,etc.
White muscle F.O.G fibre type IIaThesearecalledFTa[rapidcontractingfibres]fibresofFOG[rapidfibreswithoxidative-glycolyticmetabolism]fibres.Thesefibresareinnervatedbyaphasictypemotorneurone,characterisedbyhigherspeedofconductionofthetonicmotorneurone.Theyarewhiteincolour,duetoabsenceofmyoglobinand,arecharacterisedbyamixedmetabolicactivity.Thesefibresarerichinglycogenandglycolyticenzymes,butalsocontainmitochondriaenzymes;theoverallmetabolismismoreanaerobicthantheaerobicoxidative.
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Thesefibresarealsoprovidedwithanetworkofcapillariesthatcarrytheoxygenrequiredfortheaerobicprocess.TypeIIafibresaretherefore,abletoperformrapidcontractionscharacterisedbyasignificantexertionofforce,whichisalsosustainedovertimegivingarelativeresistance[endurance]tofatigue.
White muscle fibre type IIbThesefibresarecalledFTb[rapidcontractingfibres]fibresorFG[rapidfibreswithglycolyticmetabolism]fibres.Thistypeoffibreisinnervatedbyaphasicmotorneuronewithacellularbodyandaverylargeaxonthattransmitspulsestothemuscleatveryhighspeed.Thesefibresarewhitetolookatandhaveveryhighglycogenandglycolyticenzymecontentinordertoproduceaveryhigh-energyoutputoftheanaerobictype.Contractionisfairyrapidandcreatesahighlevelofforce;thealmostcompleteabsenceofmitochondriarendersthesefibresincapableofsustainingprotractedactivityandtherefore,easilyfatiguedparticularlyintheuntrainedmuscle.TypeIIbfibresplayaverysignificantpartinallhumanactivitiesrequiringtheexertionofexplosiveforceand,naturally,inallpowersandexplosivesportssuchassprinting,weightlifting,swimming,jumping,etc.
Type IIm fibresAtypeoffibrethathasbeendescribedwithcharacteristicssimilartothoseoftheIIbtype,butwitharesponsetostimulationshiftedtohigherfrequencies[approx.100–110Hz].
a}Synchronousrecruitmentb}Disinhibitsapprox.30%ofmaximumeffortc}Theconstantglycogendemandsproducesamoreefficientreplacementsystem. Limitations of the present fibre classificationsThecurrentclassificationsofthemusclefibresisdeterminedmorebythenecessityofestablishingasetofcharacteristicstobeusedforpracticalpurposesratherthanbythebiological-functionalrealityofthehumanmuscularsystem.Itisassuredthatthefibresformpartofacontinuousrangeofvariouslevelsofmetabolicorganisationthatareproducedbythefunctionalrequirementsofthevariousformsofhumanactivityingeneralandsportingactivityinparticular.
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Muscle fibre distributionThefibretypesashasbeendetailedabovecanbefoundinvariouspercentagesinmusclesandtheratiobetweentypeIandtypeIIfibrescanvaryconsiderably.SomemusclegroupsconsistoftypicallytypeIfibresi.e.thesoleusandmusclesthathaveonlytypeIIsuchastheorbicular,butinthemajorityofcasesvarioustypesoffibrearefoundtogether.
Figure4
Infigure4onecanseethephasicandtonicfibresmixedtogethersidebyside,butthevariousfibresdorespondtotheirrespectivemotorneurones.Therehavebeenclinicalstudiesconductedonthedistributionoffibresinthemusclethathavedemonstratedtherelationshipbetweenthemotorneurone–tonicandphasic,andthefunctionalcharacteristicsofthefibresinnervatedbyitandshownhowaspecificmotoractivity,inparticularsportingactivitiescananddocauseafunctionaladaptationofthefibresandamodificationoftheirmetaboliccharacteristics.
TONIC
PHASIC
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[Trained Muscle]SlowOxidative: Increaseinsizeofexistingfibres[SO] Increaseinnumberofredfibres Increaseinsizeofmitochondria Increaseinoxidativeenzymes
FastOxidativeGlycolytic Possesglycolyticandoxidative [FOG] metabolicpathways.Earlyonsetof fatigueispreventedbythedevelopment ofF.O.Gfibreswhichworklongperiods withoutfatigue.
FastGlycolytic Localmuscleglycogenstoresaredepleted [FG] with10-15rhythmicalcontractions. [HirchETAL1970]
Types of muscle fibres:
Muscle profile
Motorunit Motorneurone
Typeofmetabolism
Typeofmusclecontraction
Muscle fibretype
Frequencyrangeofstimulation
TonicLow speedofconduction
SOSlow Oxidative
ST Slow Contraction Ia 10-40Hz
PhasicMediumspeedofconduction
FOGFastOxidativeGlycolytic
FTaRapidContraction IIa 50-70Hz
PhasicHighspeedofconduction
FGFastGlycolytic
FTbRapidContraction IIb 70-100Hz
PhasicHighspeedofconduction
FGFastGlycolytic
FTmRapidContraction IIm 100-120Hz
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Frequency selection5 ppsorbelow:Tointroducethestimulustoanerveorthemusclestimulation,thatmaynotrespondimmediatelyormaynothavefunctionforaperiodofmonthsorevenyears.
Forexample:3ppsisusedasanintroductoryfrequencyfortheelectricalstimulationofspasticity.Thisfrequencyisagentleintroductiontotreatmentunlikelytocausespasms.3ppsiswithinthefrequencyrangefortheproductionofendorphinsforpainreliefandgeneralrelaxationanditisthenaturalfiringfrequencyofthefusimotorpathways,whichcontrolthemusclespindlesandinitiatethemovementsequence.
5 - 15pps Thisfrequencyrangeisselectedtoimprovemuscletone,improvejointsupportandstability.10ppsarethenaturalfrequencyoftheslowoxidativemusclefibres.Electricalstimulationwillimprovethemusclefatigueresistancebyimprovingitscapillarybeddensityandimprovethemuscletohandleoxygenbreakdown.ThisfrequencyrangemaybeusedforextendedperiodsofseveralhoursperdayforsportsandrelatedtreatmentandshorterperiodsforareassuchasContinence.
15 - 20ppsThesefrequenciesmaybeusedtopromoteenduranceinthemuscle.Thisfrequencyrangeisthenaturalbandforthefastoxidativeglycolyticmusclefibres.Treatmentinthisfrequencybandmaybeusedupto1hourperday.
30 - 50 ppsThesefrequenciesareselectedforstrengtheningamuscleandrecruitingthefastglycolyticmusclefibres.Treatmentusingthisfrequencybandwouldbeforshortperiodsonlyasfatiguingamuscletakesonlyafewminuteswithelectricalstimulation.
50 - 120ppsThesefrequenciesareusuallyselectedwheregreatpower/speedandstrengtheningofthemuscleisrequired.Whenstimulatingatthesehighfrequenciesitisimportantthatitisonlyforveryshortperiods.
pps = pulsespersecond
Selection of parameters
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Pulse width selectionTheselectionofpulsewidthismadeaccordingtothedepthofpenetrationrequiredforthetreatment.Theshorterthepulsewidththemorecomfortableandsuperficialthetreatmentreceived.
Pulsewidthexamples:Superficialmusclesoftheface- 70-80µS [Nohigher]uselowfrequenciesbelow20Hz
Superficialmusclesofthehand- 70-90µS Musclesoftheleg- 200-350µS Muscleofthearm- 150-300µS PelvicorAnalmuscles- 75-250µS
Channel selectionMostmusclestimulatorshavealternatingorsynchronousmodes,whichallowsforthereproductionofagonist/antagonistactivityaroundthejoint.Thealternatingoptionshouldalwaysbeconsidered,asitwillpreventtheproblemsassociatedwithmuscleimbalance.Alsoinputtingadelaytimebetweenthechangeoverfromonechanneltoanothermayassistvoluntarymovement.
Thesynchronouschannelmodeallowsforthereproductionofsynergicmuscleactivity.Thisisusefulforfunctionalactivitiesaccompanyingspecificphysiotherapyprogrammes.
Work / Rest SelectionTherestcycleshouldundermostcircumstancebeaslongastheworkcycletoallowthereactivehyperaemiatodisperse.
Ifthefrequencyandcurrentisraisedtoaleveltoinduceatetaniccontractionitmaybemoreappropriatetoenlistalongerrestcycletoallowamovementtooccur.Onewouldexpectthepatienttoproducevoluntarymovement[contraction]duringtherestcycle.
Example4secson4secsoff-increase rest time to between 6 –8 seconds or more.
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Selection of electrode sizes Thesizeofelectrodetobeuseddependslargelyonthepulsewidthtobeusedand,whichpartofthebodytheelectrodeistobeplaceupon.GenerallythewiderthepulsewidthandthehigherthemAcurrenttobeusedthelargertheelectrodeneedstobe.
Fortheface,fingersandhandswherethemuscleissuperficialthepulsewidthshouldbekeptdowntobelow90µS,allowingasmallersurfaceareaelectrodetobeusednormally26to30mmdiameter.
Forthearm,lowerpartsofthelegandanklethepulsewidthselectionideallyshouldbebelow300µSallowingthesurfaceareaelectrodetobemorethanwhenusedonsuperficialmusclesofapprox.40to50mmsquare.
Forthequads,upperarm,lower,upperbackandgluteusmaximusthepulsewidthideallyshouldbe350µSorbelow.Themusclemassislargerintheseareasthatallowslargersurfaceareaofelectrodetobeused.50x50or50x100beingthemostcommonsizes,althoughlargersurfaceareaelectrodescanbeused.
Electrode positioning for STIM (EMS), EMG and ETS
Attachtheelectrodestoyourbody(seeelectrodeplacementdiagrams).Uselargerelectrodessizesforvastmusclegroups.PlacenegativeBlack-pinneartheupperinsertionortopofthemuscle.PositiveRed-pinmustbeplacedatthemotorpointofthemuscle.Themotorpointisusuallylocatedatthecentreofthemusclemasswherethemotornerveentersthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.Yourobjectiveistofindthespotwheretheminimumamountofelectricalstimulationwilleasilyexcitethegreatestmuscularcontractionwithoutcausingpain.
Pleasenote,forTENS-painrelief,theelectrodeplacementcriteriaaredifferent!
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Abdominals 1
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 250µS
Abdominals 2
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 250µS
Electrode placement
Ch.A
Ch.B
Ch.A
Ch.B
Ch.C
Ch.D
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
+ = Red- = Black
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Intestinal tension
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-250µS
Ch.A
Ch.B
Ch.C
Ch.D
Waist line shaping
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-250µS
Ch.A Ch.B
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
+ = Red- = Black
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NeuroTrac® Electrode Placement Manual
Deltoids
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-250µS
Ch.A
Ch.B
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
Shoulders
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-250µS
Ch.A Ch.B Ch.C Ch.D
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Latimus Dorsi
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm or 50x100mm PulseWidth: 250-275µS
Ch.A
Ch.BCh.C
Ch.D
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
Trapezius
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: Shoulders 50x50mm Back 50x50mm or 50x100mm PulseWidth: 220-250µS
Ch.A Ch.B
+ = Red- = Black
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Lower back
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-250µS
Ch.A Ch.B
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
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Elbows
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-250µS
Ch.A
Ch.B
Erector spinalis
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-250µS
Ch.CCh.D
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
+ = Red- = Black
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NeuroTrac® Electrode Placement Manual
Biceps
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-250µS
Ch.A
Triceps
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-250µS
Ch.A
Ch.B
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
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Extensor of the wrist
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220µS
Flexor of the wrist
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220µS
Ch.B Ch.A
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
+ = Red- = Black
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Wrist
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm or 30mmdia PulseWidth: 220µS
Ch.A
Ch.B
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
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Hand regeneration
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm or 30mmdia PulseWidth: 200µS
Ch.A
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
+ = Red- = Black
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Hand stimulation
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm or 30mmdia PulseWidth: 200µS
Ch.A Ch.B
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
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Back & legs
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-300µS
Ch.A
Ch.B
Ch.C
Ch.D
Gluteus
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 250-300µS
Ch.A
Ch.B
Ch.C
Ch.D
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
+ = Red- = Black
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Adductors
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 250-300µS
Ch.A
Ch.B
Inner thigh
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm or 50x100mm PulseWidth: 250-300µS
Ch.A Ch.B
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
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Femoral biceps
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm or 50x100mm PulseWidth: 220-250µS
Ch.A
Ch.B
Outside thigh
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm or 50x100mm PulseWidth: 250-300µS
Ch.A Ch.B
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
+ = Red- = Black
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Ham strings
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 250-300µS
Ch.ACh.B Ch.C
Ch.D
Quadriceps SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm or 50x100mm PulseWidth: 250-300µS
Ch.A
Ch.B
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
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Fluid tension
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: UpperLeg 50x50mm or 50x100mm Ankle 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-275µS
PleaseNote: Ch.C&Ch.DpositionsontheleftlegareidenticaltotheCh.A&Ch.Bposi-tionsontherightleg.TheelectrodeforCh.Disnotvisibleonthispicture.
Ch.ACh.B
Ch.C Ch.D
Inner knee
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 250-300µS
Ch.ACh.B
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
+ = Red- = Black
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Calves
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-275µS
Ch.A Ch.B
Tibialis anterior
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-250µS
Ch.A Ch.B
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
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Knee
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-250µS
Ch.A
Ch.B
Peroneus
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-275µS
Ch.A
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
+ = Red- = Black
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Ankles
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220µS
Ch.A Ch.B
Ankle malaise
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-250µS
Ch.A
Ch.B
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
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+ = Red- = Black
Metataraus
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220-250µS
Ch.BCh.A
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
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Feet regeneration
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220µS
Ch.A
Ch.B
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
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Feet stimulation
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220µS
Pleasenote:Ch.Aelectrodesareplacedontheleftfoot.Ch.Belec-trodesareplacedontherightfoot.
+ = Red- = Black
Ch.A
Ch.B
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.
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Sole of foot
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm PulseWidth: 220µS
Ch.A Ch.B
Heel
SuggestedSettings ElectrodeSize: 50x50mm or 30mmdia PulseWidth: 220µS
Ch.A
Ch.B
PositiveRedmustbeplacedonthemotorpointofthemuscle.Findthebestpositionbyslightlymovingthepositiveelectrodearound.