Neuroanatomy for Exam #1

Basic Brain Anatomy

Lange

Biology 463 - Neurobiology

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Figure 12.5: Ventricles of the brain, p. 434.

(b)(a)

Lateralventricle

Posteriorhorn

Thirdventricle

Cerebralaqueduct

Fourthventricle

Medianaperture

Anteriorhorn

Inter-ventricularforamenInferiorhorn

Lateralaperture Central

canal

Lateralventricle

SeptumpellucidumThirdventricle

Cerebralaqueduct

Left lateral viewAnterior view

Fourthventricle

Centralcanal

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Figure 12.6a-b: Lobes and fissures of the cerebral hemispheres, p. 435.

(a)

(b)

Postcentral gyrus

Central sulcus

Precentral gyrus

Frontal lobe Parietal lobe

Parieto-occipital sulcus (on medial surfaceof hemisphere)

Lateral sulcus

Transversecerebral fissure

Occipital lobe

Temporal lobe

Cerebellum

Medulla oblongata

Spinal cord

Cortex(gray matter)

Fissure(a deep sulcus)

Gyrus

Sulcus

White matter

Central sulcusFrontal lobe

Temporal lobe(pulled down)

Gyri of insula

Pons

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

central canal - the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space that runs longitudinally through the length of the entire spinal cord

central sulcus - a fold in the cerebral cortex in the brains of vertebrates

cerebellum - a region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control. It may also be involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language

cingulate gyrus - a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cerebral cortex receiving input from the thalamus

corpus callosum - a wide, flat bundle of neural fibers beneath the cortex that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication

fornix - a C-shaped bundle of fibers (axons) in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus

frontal lobe - the front region of the cerebrum

hippocampus - plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory

hypothalamus - a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. The most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

lateral sulcus - divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe above from the temporal lobe below

longitudinal fissure - the deep groove that separates the two hemispheres of the vertebrate brain

medulla oblongota - contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers and deals with autonomic (involuntary) functions, such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure

occipital lobe - the visual processing center of the mammalian brain

parietal lobe - integrates sensory information from different modalities, particularly determining spatial sense and navigation

pineal body - a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain that produces melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of sleep

pituitary gland - the master control gland of the mammalian body

pons - nuclei that transmit neural input from the periphery to the cerebrum that deal primarily with sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, facial sensation, and posture.

postcentral gyrus - prominent structure in the parietal lobe of the human brain and an important landmark. It is the location of the primary somatosensory cortex

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

precentral gyrus - prominent structure in the frontal lobe of the human brain and an important landmark. It is the location of the primary motor cortex cortex

temporal lobe - region of the cerebral cortex involved in the retention of visual memories, processing sensory input, comprehending language,

thalamus - relay center for both sensory and motor input to the cortex

Cerebrospinal Fluid Filled Spaces:

cerebral aqueduct - within the mesencephalon, this space contains cerebrospinal fluid and connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle

fourth ventricle - CFS filled space in the brain

interventricular foramen - channels that connect the paired lateral ventricles with the third ventricle at the midline of the brain

lateral ventricle - CFS filled space in the brain

third ventricle - CFS filled space in the brain