Neural Communication Ramon y Cajal Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906 Sketch of retina (1900) 1852-1934.
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Transcript of Neural Communication Ramon y Cajal Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906 Sketch of retina (1900) 1852-1934.
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Neural Communication
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Ramon y Cajal
Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906 Sketch of retina (1900)
1852-1934
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The Nerve Impulse
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Neural Communication
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Otto Loewi
• Nobel Prize in 1936• Forced to leave
Germany in 1938• Became US citizen in
1941• Worked at Woods
Hole Institute• Name pronounced as
“low”
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Loewi’s Experiment
KW 5-2
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The first known neurotransmitter
• acetylcholine
• first neurotransmitter identified (by Otto Loewi, 1921)
• Movement: causes muscles to contract
• Memory: dies in Alzheimer’s disease
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Autonomic NT’s
KW 5-17
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Ach Pathways
KW 5-19
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Synapse structures
KW 5-4
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Steps
KW 5-5
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Step 1
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ACh Synthesis
Acetylcholine
Bonded to form
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Step 2
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Step 3
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Step 4
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Step 5
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Step 6
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Modifying Neural Messages
• drug agonists - enhance potency of neurotransmitter
• drug antagonists - reduce effectiveness
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Agonist and AntagonistsNeurotransmitter molecule
Receiving cellmembrane
Receptor site onreceiving neuron
Agonist mimicsneurotransmitter
Antagonistblocksneurotransmitter
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Pain Killers
• Endorphins • natural opiates• natural key• Morphine• Opium poppy• Agonist• Naloxone• Antagonist
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Agonist and antagonist
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Step 7
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Reuptake and breakdown
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AChE
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Ach and AChE
KW 5-11
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NT characteristics
KW 5-9
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• the catecholamines:– Dopamine
• found at substantia nigra and limbic system
• regulates emotion & movement
– Norepinephrine• found in brain stem and subcortex
• regulates emotion, reward, sleep, mood
– Epinephrine• Found adrenal glands
• may help regulate blood pressure
Monoamine Neurotransmitters
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Catecholamine synthesis
KW 5-12
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Catecholamines
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Catecholamine Pathways
KW 5-19
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Neural Communication
Dopamine pathways
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• Serotonin– found in raphe nuclei in
brain stem– regulates temperature,
sensory perception and sleep onset
– LSD and antidepressants affect serotonin (antidepressants particularly affect serotonin reuptake)
Monoamine Neurotransmitters
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Serotonin
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Serotonin Pathways
KW 5-19
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Neural Communication
Serotonin pathways
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Drug Effects
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Classes of NT