HRH THE PRINCE OF WALES INSTITUTE

OFENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

A SEMINAR REPORT ON

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

SUBMITTED BY :

MANOJ KR. BORAHROLL NO: POW/BOP/13/IT/CV/056

 

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK NETWORKING GOALS TYPES OF NETWORK NETWORK TOPOLOGY TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

WHAT IS A NETWORK ? A network is a set of devices connected

to each other and those devices are often referred to as node. A node can be a computer, a printer or any other device capable of sending and receiving data generated by other nodes. Two devices are said to be connected if they are capable of exchanging information. The devices in a network are autonomous i.e no devices on the network can start or control another.

NETWORKING GOALSRESOURCE SHARING RELIABILITYCOST FACTORCOMMUNICATION MEDIUM

TYPES OF NETWORK : LOCAL AREA NETWORK

(LAN)METRO-POLITAN AREA

NETWORK (MAN)WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)PERSONAL AREA NETWORK

(PAN)

LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

A local area network is usually privately owned and link the devices in a single office, building or campus. A LAN can be as simple as two pc’s and a printer in someone home or it can extent throughout a company. A LAN normally covers an area less then two miles. In typical LAN one of the computer may be given a large capacity disk drive and may become a server to clients.

METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN):

It’s a network with a size between LAN & WAN. It normally covers the area inside a town or a city. It is designed for high speed Connectivity.

METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN):

WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)

A wide area network provides long distance transmission of data over large geographical areas. That may comprise a Country, continent or even the whole world. A WAN can be as complex as the backbone that connect the INTERNET or as simple as a dialogue that connects a home computer to the Internet. Computers in a WAN are often connected through telephone System. Sometime they can be connected through leased lines or satelite.

WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN):

PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN): A PAN prefers to

small network of communication. The range is typically upto 10 meters.PAN can be wired or wireless.

Example:1) BLUETOOTH.2) Infrared etc.

TOPOLOGY: A pattern of

interconnection of nodes in a network is called topology.

While choosing a topology we need to keep in mind the following factors ;

Cost factor Flexibility Reliability

BUS TOPOLOGY: In BUS topology one long

cable acts as a backbone to link all the devices in a network. Transmission from any station travels the length of the cable in both direction & can be received by all other station. When a station sends some data it also contains the address of the station where data is to be sent. Data travels along the bus and the station accepts the data on identifying the address.

BUS TO

POLO

GY

ADVAN

TAGE

SD

ISADVAN

TAGES

1) Easy to install.2) A bus requires less cable

link that of STAR topology.

3) Easy to extent.

1) Difficult fault isolation & identification.

2) A fault in the bus stops all transmission.

STAR TOPOLOGY: In STAR topology

each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to central controller usually called HUB. The device are not directly linked to one another. Star topology does not allow direct traffic between devices. If a device wants to send data to another then it has to pass through the HUB.

STAR TOPO

LOG

YADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

1) Less expensive.2) Easy to install & reconfigure.3) Addition or deletion of a device is easy.4) ROBOSNESS : If a link fails only that link

is affected all other links remains active.

5) Easy fault identification and fault isolation.

1) Dependency of whole topology on the HUB.

2) If the HUB goes down whole system is dead.

3) More caballing is reqiured.

RING TOPOLOGY: In RING topology

each device has a dedicated point to point connection with only two devices on ether side of it. Data is passed along the ring in one direction from device to device until it reaches its destination. After passing through each node it returns to the sending node which removes it.

RING

TOPO

LOG

YADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

1) Relating easy to install and reconfigure.

2) Addition & Deletion of devices is easy.

3) Easy fault isolation & identification.

1) Unidirectional traffic can be a disadvantage.

2) A break in the ring can disable the entire network.

MESH TOPOLOGY: In MESH

topology each device is connected to more than one device to provide an alternative root in the case host is down or to busy.

MESH TOPOLOGY : ADVANTAGE:1) Use of dedicated link gurantee’s that

each connection can carry its own data load.

2) Robossness3) Security4) Easy fault isolation & identification. DISADVANTAGE:1) Amount of cabling.2) Hardware requirement can be

prohibitely expensive.

CONCLUSION:

REFERENCE : COMPUTER SCIENCE & APPLICATION

– T.D. MALHOTRA. Informatics practice – Sumita Arora.