Network Technology 101

Common Mistakes and Challenges

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Nyoman Bogi Aditya Karna

e-mail : bogi@ieee.org

homepage : http://nyomankarna.id

phone : (+62) 811 223 8061

Elements of telecommunication

Telecommunication consists of 3 elements:

1. Source (Transmitter)

2. Medium (Communication Network)

– Transmission System

• Transmission Media

• Modulation

• Multiplexing

– Switching

– Signaling

3. Destination (Receiver)

medium information X information Y

source destination

Why do we need to push the boundaries of telecommunication? Because: • Distance of the two points of telecommunication becomes farther

• Energy consumption for transmission become less abundant

• Everyone wants to be connected anytime anywhere anyway

• Everyone wants better service

In telecommunication research we emphasize on: • How do we represent information?

• How do we sent information?

• How do we restore information?

0

200000000

400000000

600000000

800000000

1E+09

1,2E+09

1,4E+09

1,6E+09

China UnitedStates

Germany Japan Russia

Lines

Population

List of countries by number of telephone lines in use

Source: Wikipedia

The World

Lines

Population

0

200.000.000

400.000.000

600.000.000

800.000.000

1.000.000.000

1.200.000.000

1.400.000.000

1.600.000.000

List of countries by number of mobile phones in use

Source: Wikipedia

The World

Lines

Population

List of countries by number of Internet users

Source: Wikipedia

0,00%

20,00%

40,00%

60,00%

80,00%

100,00%

User : Population

The Evolution

Everything goes toward The Internet

The World

Phone Lines

Population

The World

MobilePhone

Population

Indonesia Internet User Profile

Age: 56 – 65

Age: 46 – 55

Age: 36 – 45

Age: 26 – 35

Age: 18 – 25

Source: APJII Survey 2014

SMARTPHONE PC

Common (mistakes) Point of Views

Type of network is based on:

1. Switching Node

2. Link (i.e. metal cable, radio, fiber optic)

A network is best when:

• Faster

• Cheaper

• Effective

• Efficient

communication network

information X information Y

source destination

Faster or Cheaper Network?

• Switching

• Medium

communication network

information X information Y

source destination

• fast but cheap

• choose vendor C Layer 3

• whatever you say lah

• okay, find vendor B Layer 2

• cheap but fast

• use vendor A Layer 1

Effective and Efficient Network?

• Switching

• Medium

communication network

information X information Y

source destination

• effective but efficient

• choose vendor C Layer 3

• whatever you say lah

• okay, find vendor B Layer 2

• efficient but effective

• use vendor A Layer 1

Technology Challenges

1. Optimization, a drawback from layering concept

2. Effective and Efficient, Network Technology or Information Engineering?

3. Standard, a drawback of flexibility

Challenge #1: Optimize

• Each layer depends on the next adjacent layer

• Vertical challenge

• fast enough

• very limited option for interconnection Layer 3

• very fast

• wide options for interconnection Layer 2

• very very fast

• limited interconnection Layer 1

Challenge #2: Effective & Efficient

• 1st phase: Software-defined Network

• 2nd phase: User-defined Network

• 3rd phase (?): Intelligent Network

• Horizontal challenge

communication

network information X information Y

source destination

• business application App Layer

• network services Ctrl Layer

• the network INF layer

Challenge #3: Standard

• Accommodate all parties’ “agenda”

Business Community

Research Community

Development Community

• fast enough

• very limited option for interconnection Layer 3

• very fast

• wide options for interconnection Layer 2

• very very fast

• limited interconnection Layer 1

Conclusion

• There is no such thing as “the best network configuration”

• You decide which technology to be used, but remember, newer is not always better

• Imagine that there’s a network with intelligence capability to identify, classify and choose the best possible network configuration for specific user

Thank You

• “What does Agility Mean to the Telecom Operator?” attributed to Ericsson

• “Internet Penetration across the world” attributed to Rbk210 under CC BY-SA 4.0

• All other resources can be found at http://nyomankarna.id

Nyoman Karna