Network Services Abstractions for Edge Computing · Network Services Abstractions for Edge...
Transcript of Network Services Abstractions for Edge Computing · Network Services Abstractions for Edge...
Network Services Abstractions for
Edge ComputingCOST ACROSS 2017
September 3, 2017
Next-gen applications and services leveraging advanced networking technologies
in smart and connected communities
Outreach
In partnership withwith withwith
Out InPeople use the Internet Devices use the Internet
Move data to computing Move computing to the data
Exploit massive datacenters & networks Exploit locality
Validated datasets Perishable data streams
Abundant inter-city backbone bandwidth Abundant intra-city access bandwidth
Bandwidth is the key measurement Latency is the key measurement
Wait for the response Predictable, deterministic response time
Computers model and monitor real world Computers are integral parts of real world
Glenn’s 2017 In-and-Out List
North America (ARIN)
Europe (RIPE)
Latin America (LACNIC)
Asia Pacific (APNIC)
Africa (AFRINIC)
“Backbone” (highly connected
networks)
Date: July 11 2015
Credit: Barrett Lyon / The Opte Project
Visualization of the routing paths of the Internet.
The End of End-to-End
Natural Edges
Changes in:
- Power availability
- Compute / storage / networking capability
- Aggregation / sharing possibilities
- Mobility
- Competition
- Regulation boundaries
- System federation boundaries
- Services boundaries (for composite services / NFV)
Examples of Edges
- Personal edge (e.g., smartphone)
- Home edge (e.g., Google Home)
- Vehicle edge (e.g., Android Auto)
- Farm edge
- Neighborhood edge (e.g., Brambleton)
- Business edge (company IT department)
- City edge (e.g., Digital Town Square)
- State / regional edge
- Trading partner edge (e.g., EU, NAFTA, Mercosur)
Examples of Edges
- Personal edge (e.g., smartphone)
- Home edge (e.g., Google Home)
- Vehicle edge (e.g., Android Auto)
- Farm edge
- Neighborhood edge (e.g., Brambleton)
- Business edge (company IT department)
- City edge (e.g., Digital Town Square)
- State / regional edge
- Trading partner edge (e.g., EU, NAFTA, Mercosur)
Why City Edges?
Economics: Price for inter-city communication
declining less rapidly than computing and
storage prices.
Break-even is in the range of 5-50Mbps =
relocation of one server John Chung-I and Marvin A. SIRBU
Carnegie Mellon University
Pricing Multicast Communications:
A Cost-Based Approach
Why City Edges?
Delay: response time limited by:
- Speed of light
- Economics of peering point locations
- Store-and-forward delays
- Queuing delays (congestion)
Locality:
- Data / AI / CPS / is only meaningful locally
- Data location requirements
- Resilience in times of natural disasters
- Supports local digital economy
What Belongs at a City Edge?
Economics:
- High I/O to compute ratio (e.g., IoT)
Delay:
- Requires real-time (or near real-time) response
Locality:
- Requirements of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
- Resilience requirements (survivability)
- Sustainability (e.g., CO2 management)
Credit: iScoop.eu based on Cisco data
City Edge Computing
The Future of Cloud Computing and the Internet
Drivers:
Explosion of M2M and IoT drives traffic and scale
City-based clouds now have sufficient scale
M2M and IoT data usually has locality and is perishable
Cyberphysical systems (CPS) (e.g., microgrid coordination) need low latency
Desire for civic resilience and digital self-sufficiency
Sample Applications:
Interactive and streaming VR/AR (experiential education)
Home health monitoring and intervention\
AI and personal assistants (e.g., cost-reduced robots)
City-wide autonomous vehicle scheduling
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Global City Teams
Challenge (GCTC)
Lexington, KY: July 19
Las Vegas, NV: July 19
HomeEdge
Learner-directedEducation
Safety ormedicalrobot
Real-time health monitoring
Real-time health monitoring
Non-stop intersection management
Incident
WirelessHead-end
Crowd-sourced incident management
Smart streetlight
FiberHead-end
CommunityEdge Cloud
ProgrammableNetwork
To provider’s own distantcloud
To provider’s own distantcloud
Advanced networking technologiesenable smart communities
GR 3/11/2017
HomeEdge
Learner-directedEducation
Safety ormedicalrobot
Real-time health monitoring
Real-time health monitoring
Non-stop intersection management
Incident
WirelessHead-end
Crowd-sourced incident management
Smart streetlight
FiberHead-end
CommunityEdge Cloud
ProgrammableNetwork
To provider’s own distantcloud
To provider’s own distantcloud
Advanced networking technologiesenable smart communities
Sensors
GR 3/11/2017
HomeEdge
Learner-directedEducation
Safety ormedicalrobot
Real-time health monitoring
Real-time health monitoring
Non-stop intersection management
Incident
WirelessHead-end
Crowd-sourced incident management
Smart streetlight
FiberHead-end
CommunityEdge Cloud
ProgrammableNetwork
To provider’s own distantcloud
To provider’s own distantcloud
Advanced networking technologiesenable smart communities
Sensors
Feed real-time big-data and AI analytics
GR 3/11/2017
HomeEdge
Learner-directedEducation
Safety ormedicalrobot
Real-time health monitoring
Real-time health monitoring
Non-stop intersection management
Incident
WirelessHead-end
Crowd-sourced incident management
Smart streetlight
FiberHead-end
CommunityEdge Cloud
ProgrammableNetwork
To provider’s own distantcloud
To provider’s own distantcloud
Advanced networking technologiesenable smart communities
Sensors
Feed real-time big-data and AI analytics
Action needed
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GR 3/11/2017
Example Edge Abstractions (Virtualization Affordances)
The Future of Cloud Computing and the Internet
Four of the Possible Edge Abstrations (Virtualization Affordances):
Secure Connections to IoT devices
Information compression (discard/summarize older / less useful information)
Network provides low latency as required by each application
Services abstraction
Security Virtualization for IoT Devices
The Future of Cloud Computing and the Internet
IoT Devices may have limited power, encryption capability security
Possible virtualizations for security:
- Very low-rate devices built with one-time pads on-board
- May have one-time responses on-board for challenge message responses
- Created with MAC addresses that have cryptographic properties
- Network routes packets based only on MAC source address (ignores
destination address and layer 3 addresses)
- Transmit/receive windows vary in time
- If connected wirelessly and stationary:
- Radio waveform multi-path signature matches verified signature
- If connected wirelessly and mobile:
- Signal strength to multiple receiving stations reasonable for reported
GPS location
Virtualization for Information Compression
The Future of Cloud Computing and the Internet
During periods of network overload / delays:
Older information may be summarized or discarded
because IoT information is often localized and perishable.
Low Latency Virtualizations as Required for IoT Devices
The Future of Cloud Computing and the Internet
Network priorities and timeslots may be assigned based on the specific latency
requirements of the type of IoT device and its current applications
Wirelessly: Frequency or coding assignments may also vary
Less demanding devices/applications/services may be given contention service
More demanding devices/applications/services may be given reservations or
time slots with less contention possibility
Locality and Repeating Service Properties help predict future behavioral needs
Low Latency Virtualizations
The Future of Cloud Computing and the Internet
Network priorities and timeslots may be assigned based on the specific latency
requirements of the type of IoT device and its current applications
Services Orchestration Layer
Resources Orchestration / Slicing Layer
Resources Layer
Micro-scheduling / Hypervisor Layer
Composite Services Layer
A better abstraction
The Future of Cloud Computing and the Internet
Instead of considering network flows …..
Consider network-delivered “services” as the main abstraction (related to NFV)
Each “service” may be composed of related compute, storage, software, and
network components.
Each service has its own billing and response requirements.
Services can provide virtualization idealizations (such as security, compression, …)
The Larry Peterson Services Abstraction (key issues)
The Future of Cloud Computing and the Internet
Services may be composed of other services (microservices).
Resources (containers, VMs, network links, virtualizations) are services.
Services have an implicit security wrapper around them.
Services may either have a single tenant (client) or multiple tenants (clients).
The dependent services of a composite service are part of the composite service
manifest.
Ricart adds:
Services could be versioned (similar to Docker) for stability.
Multiple versions of a service could be active at once.
Once there is no tenant for a service, it may be lazily deallocated.
Services can be added by federation (put service wrapper on external services).
Services could be (multiply) signed.
CORD (OpenCloud) = Open-source services abstraction
The Future of Cloud Computing and the Internet
Created by Larry Peterson, ON.LAB, and others with broad industry support
Open-source
Evolving rapidly
Being used for mobile NFV (M-Cord) by AT&T
Current Status
The Future of Cloud Computing and the Internet
Considering adapting CORD to both academic research and production support
for prototype city edges and for wireless NFV under PAWR (workshop October
15-16, Snowbird, Utah, USA).
Low-Latency
ApplicationsFor smart and connected
communities
Streaming virtual and augmented reality
Interactive 4K video
Personal assistants think faster than you do
Intra-beat cardiac monitoring
Streaming intelligence to inexpensive robots
Microgrid millisecond coordination
City-wide optimized autonomous vehicles
Hospital-quality in-home health monitor
Real-time public safety information fusion
Dynamically optimized emergency response
Interactive & collaborative 3D model design
3D telerehabilitation
“Natural” Teleconferencing