Name:Section:

Internet Scavenger Hunt Lab

Lab Assignment

BACKGROUNDRead an introductory tutorial at the following website

http://www.w3schools.com/website/web_tcpip.asp

which also explains in more detail the concept of Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol known as TCP/IP. The Internet is based on the TCP /IP protocol. This protocol allows all different types of networks to communicate with one another using the same language or standard. All hosts using the Internet have registered IP addresses. This number consists of two parts, a network ID and a host ID. Internet Protocol version 4 otherwise known as IPv4 consists of 4 bytes or 32 bits. (There is a newer protocol called IPv6 which consists of 128 bits for an IP address.)

For example, Temple University website IP address is 155.247.166.60. Each of the four sections represents an octet, 1 byte or 8 bits. Each octet has a value from 0-255 or 256 unique values of 0, 1. Part of the IP address identifies the network as the Temple network, and part of the IP address identifies the actual computer on the Temple network. 155.247.166 is the Temple network address. The 60 identifies the individual or host computer on which the Temple website is located. The IP address has to have the network portion so the routers can send the packets to the proper network. The router sees the 155.247.166 as 10011011.11110111.10100110 as the network address. The router uses built in algorithms to discover the possible routes and then selects the best route to send the packets from one network to another. Once the packets arrive at the right network, it is sent to the correct host which is indicated by the number 60 or 00111100. All Internet communications including emails, IMs, audio and video downloads require IP addressing to connect.

The Domain Name System or DNS translates the IP address and Domain Names. For more detail, visit the following Web site, http://computer.howstuffworks.com/dns.htm The Domain Name refers to the text name of the Web site. Each name must be unique. There are specially designated computers which hold tables that maps IP addresses to website domain names. Without the DNS system, one would have to know all the IP addresses of the websites you wanted to visit. Some examples of domain names include microsoft.com, and temple.edu.

ACTIVITY:There are several other network settings which are necessary to ensure an Internet connection. You are going on an Internet scavenger hunt to discover what those settings are. Have fun!!

For entering your answers you can type directly in this document, copy or paste or create a separate document with your answers.

For each of the following items, answer the following questions using an Internet search engine and provide the URL where the answers can be found.

1. Live video from Time square New York City (a webcam)

http://______________________________________

2. A picture of earth from space.

http://______________________________________

Domain Names: To answer the following questions, you will need a computer with a network connection and a command prompt. You can do this on your own computer. To get to the command prompt:a. Go to start b. Select run.c. Type in “cmd” (without the quotes)

Note that in Windows 7 you can type “cmd” in the search bar and then hit enterIn Window 8 you type “cmd” in the start menu or Right Click in the bottom left corner of your screen to pull up the administration menu and click on “Command Prompt”

d. Press enter. You should be at a c: > prompt. This is called the command line. You use commands instead of clicking on icons in Graphical User Interface (GUI).

Note for MAC Users: To get to the command prompt In the utilities folder (found in the applications folder) there is utility named Terminal. Double click on this, and this gets you to a command prompt. The path will look something like c:\directory name >

e. You will now type at the c:\directory name> prompt, the command, nslookup 67.195.160.76, and then press enter.

Instructions for copy and paste

1. Use cut and paste method to put in this document. 2. Right click and select mark. 3. Then left click your mouse to highlight what you wish to copy. Then right click in this document and paste results in the space provided.

3. What is the host name or domain name for the IP address 67.195.160.76? __________________

4. What is the host name or domain name for the IP address 17.112.152.57? __________________

Instead of using the IP address with nslookup, use the domain name

5. What is the IP address of www.cnn.com? _________________________

6. What is the IP address of www.facebook.com? _______________________

IP addresses and Smart Phones

What about your smart phone? Your IP address is assigned by the service that is providing you with Internet access, for example, a cellular connection or a Wi-Fi connection. The IP address for a cellular internet connection is assigned by the phone company that provides the internet connection. The IP address for a Wi-Fi internet connection is assigned by the Wi-Fi router that you are connected to.

If you are using a cellular internet connection follow these steps to find your IP address:

Launch Google on your phone or other browser and type “IP address”The address that is returned is the public IP address assigned by your data service provider

If you’re using a Wi-Fi internet connection follow these steps to find your IP address. Note: This process varies by type of phone, but will generally be located in your phone’s network settings:

On an IPhone

Select: Settings, Wi-Fi networks. Tap the blue arrow at the right hand side of the network. You’ll be able to find your IP address on the resulting screen of network specifics.

On an Android Phone

Hit the menu button, go to Settings, Wireless controls, Wi-Fi settings. In the networks list, again tap the network you are currently connected with. A pop-up with network specifics will appear, listing your current IP address at the bottom.

On a Windows Phone

Go to Settings, Wi-Fi, then click on the Wi-Fi connection you’re currently using. Here you’ll see the IP address for this Wi-Fi connection, and other information

7. List the IP address for your smartphone. _______________________________________

Go to the following site: http://www.godaddy.com If you wanted to register a domain name, you can do a search to see what is available. There are many sites like this which help you create your own domain name and Web site. These sites are under the umbrella organization of ICANN (Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers).

List two other Web sites in which you can register a domain name.

8. ___________________________________________

9. ____________________________________________

Ping is a utility which helps in troubleshooting network communications. It actually sends four (by default) “echo” packets to a specified address to test responsiveness between two hosts. It waits for a reply. If you have lost your network connection at home and you call tech support, they will use the ping command to test if your computer is still on the network.

A. Ping www.temple.edu and follow the procedure described below to record results.

To record response: 1. Use cut and paste method to put in this document. 2. Right click and select mark. 3. Then left click your mouse to highlight what you wish to copy. Then right click in this document and paste results in the space provided.4. Or you could create a separate text file by using the exact syntax in the screen shot below. The file temple.txt will be saved in the same directory in which it was created. In this case, the text file is located in my documents. You may attach that file to this assignment.

10. Record your results here:

B. The screen display the results of pinging www.upenn.edu

When a sending computer pings to another computer, it sends typically four ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo request messages. If the connection is made, the receiving computer replies with the same number of bytes. Bytes=32 refers to the number of bytes sent, time =19 ms refers to the round trip time of packet in milliseconds, and TTL=47 refers to the time to live for each packet. TTL acts as a counter and will disappear after 47 hops. The ping statistics summarizes the information. The ping command can be very helpful if you are trying to troubleshoot a lost Internet connection (demonstrated later in this lab.)

TRACERT is also a network troubleshooting utility program which both checks the responsiveness between two hosts and traces the path the packet takes to get from one host to another. It discovers the routes or paths that the packets actually take. This is shown in Fig. 1. Note that the times shown are actually the time it takes for a packet to move from the last router to the current router and back to the last router. This is called the RTT (Round Trip Time).

Figure 1

A. At the c:\name of directory>prompt, type in the tracert www.temple.edu and press enter.

To record response: 1. Use cut and paste method. 2. Right click what you wish to copy. Select mark. 3. Then left click your mouse to highlight what you wish to mouse. You may then right click in the document and paste results in this document in the space provided.4. Or you could create a separate text file by using the exact syntax in the screen shot below. The file temple.txt will be saved in the same directory in which it was created. You may attach that file to this assignment.

11. Record your response here:

Below are the results from tracert www.bucks.eduFigure 2

12. Studying Figure 2 above, how many hops (really routers or networks) did the packets travel? (Hint look at far left column. Does the number of hops really end at 25 or at 30? ) Routers connect many networks together.

13. When an asterisk (*) appears, it usually means that there is a firewall at that router location.This prevents the public and thus hackers from seeing the networks. On Figure 2, at what hops, do you see this occurring?-(Hint: There are six.) Can you tell what network are these routers located? Why or Why Not?

14. To what three states do the packets going to www.bucks.edu travel?

IPCONFIG - This is one of the most useful commands in troubleshooting your network and Internet access. If you have lost Internet access, this is the first command to use. This command will help you determine if you are receiving an IP address. If your computer is not receiving an IP address, then your computer is not connected to the network and will not get Internet access. There are two ways to receive an IP address:

a. A static IP address which is assigned and is manually typed into network properties. b. A computer receives an IP address dynamically from a special server called a DHCP server which provides IP addresses when a computer boots up into its network.

You are going to type in several commands and record each response. The first command you will type at the prompt is ipconfig /all. This command will display all TCP/IP network configurations.

For Mac Users: Instead of typing ipconfig, type ifconfig (stands for interface configuration)

When you type in this command ipconfig /all from the command line, the following identifiers will appear if you have a wireless connection. At the top of the network configurations is the type of network interface card (NIC card) used in the network connection. In the example below – “Ethernet adapter Wireless Network Connection” indicated a wireless connection. Something like Figure 3 appears. (Note there maybe some variation to Figure 3)

Figure 3

Or if you might have a wired connection which would have Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection

Answer the following questions using your results of using the IPCONFIG /ALL.

Find the physical address of your computer? This is frequently referred to as your MAC address. It is a 12 digit hexadecimal number which is unique to your network interface card (NIC). You may have two MAC addresses. If you have a wired Ethernet NIC card and a wireless NIC card, you will have two different MAC addresses. When you registered your computer for Temple’s wireless network, you have to register your unique MAC address. Since the MAC address is unique, it is used for authentication.

15. Your MAC address is:

16. Is DHCP enabled?

17. What is the DHCP IP address?

18. What is the IP address of your computer? If your computer has both an IPv4 and an IPv6 address (this should be the case on Temple computers) please list both.

19. What are the DNS servers’ IP addresses (if present)?

Note: The DNS servers need to translate all domain names IP addresses. Your ISP provides two DNS servers, in case one fails.

20. What is the IP Address of the default gateway?

The default gateway is the first router to which your local LAN to which your computer is connected. The default gateway is literally a gateway to other networks to which your LAN is connected. The Internet consists of many millions of networks that are all connected. If you are not getting any IP address, you would use the ping command to see if your computer is communicating with the router. If it is not communicating, you will not have Internet access. You might also want to ping the DNS servers and the DHCP server to see whether your computer is communicating with all of those computers. If there is a failure of communication, you will not have Internet Access.