Network Operating System First Home Work
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Transcript of Network Operating System First Home Work
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ASSIGNMENT: - 1
BY: - NARINDER PAL
CLASS: - MSC (cs)
DEPARTMENT: - COMPUTER SCINCE
SUBJECT NAME: - Network Operating System
Part- AQ.1 Find out the configuration and minimum s requirement for all 4 flavours
of Windows 2003 Server?
ANS : - INTRODUCTION OF WINDOWS SERVER : -
Windows Server 2003
comes in a number of editions, each targeted towards a particular size and type of
business. In general, all variants of Windows Server 2003 have the ability to share
files and printers, act as an application server, and host message queues, provide
email services, authenticate users, act as an server -oriented functions.
Flavours Of Windows 2003 Server : -
1) Web Edition
2) Standard Edition
3) Enterprise Edition
4) Datacenter Edition
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Sleep time - Causes the command interpreter to pause for the specified
number of seconds.
cp - Copy files
cp my file your file
Copy the files "my file" to the file "your file" in the current working
directory. This command will create the file "your file" if it doesn't exist. It
will normally overwrite it without warning if it exists.
chmod command
A utility that changes the permission of a file.
Usage
chmod [-r] permissions filenames r Change the permission on files that are
in the subdirectories of the directory that you are currently in. permission
Specifies the rights that are being granted. Below is the different rights that
you can grant in an alpha numeric format.filenames File or directory that
you are associating the rights with Permissions
u - User who owns the file.
g - Group that owns the file.
o - Other.a - All.
r - Read the file.
w - Write or edit the file.
x - Execute or run the file as a program.
chown command
A utility used to change file ownership.
Usage
chown [OPTION] OWNER[:[GROUP]] FILE
chown [OPTION] :GROUP FILE
chown [OPTION] --reference=RFILE FILE
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sudo command
Allows to system administrator to give certain users (or groups of users) the
ability to run some (or all) commands as root or another user while logging
the commands and arguments aka "superuser do."
ls command
The ls command shows information about files. With i t, system
administrators can list the contents of a directory in order to determine
when the configurations files were last edited. There are many
subcommands under ls, such as ls-r, which can reverse the order in which
files are displayed.
exit command
Allows you to exit from a program, shell or Linux network.
Q3: - Install windows 2003 Enterprise Edition and Record the completeprocedure .
ANS: - Install windows 2003 Enterprise : - Window server 2003 installation
from a CD by booting your computer with the CD.
Start the computer from the CD.
You can press F6 if you need to install additional SCSI adapters or other mass -
storage devices. If you do you will be asked to supply a floppy disk with the
drivers and you CANNOT browse it (or a CD for that matter). Make sure you
have one handy.
Setup will load all the needed files and drivers.
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Select To Setup Windows Server 2003 Now. If you want, and if you have a
previous installation of the OS, you can try to fix it by pressing R. If not, just
press ENTER.
Read and accept the licensing agreement and press F8 if you accept it.
Select or create the partition on which you will install Windows Server 2003.Depending upon your existing disk configuration choose one of the following:
If the hard disk is unpartitioned, you can create and size the partition on which
you will install Windows Server 2003.
If the hard disk is already partitioned, but has enough unpartitioned disk space,
you can create an additional partition in the unpartitioned space. If the hard disk already has a partition that is large enough, you can install
Windows Server 2003 on that partition. If the partition has an existing
operating system, you will overwrite that operating system if you accept the
default installation path. However, files other than the operating system files,
such as program files and data files, will not be overwritten.
If you select a new partition during Setup, create and size only the partition on
which you will install Windows Server 2003. After installation, use Disk
Management to partition the remaining space on the hard disk. Windows Server 2003 supports the NTFS file system in addition to the file
allocation table (FAT) and FAT32 file systems. Windows Server 2003,
Windows XP Professional, Windows 2000, and Windows NT are the only
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Microsoft operating systems that you can use to gain access to data on a local
hard disk that is formatted with NTFS. If you plan to gain access to files that
are on a local Windows Server 2003 partition with the Microsoft Windows 95
or Windows 98 operating systems, you should format the partition with a FAT
or FAT32 file system. We will use NTFS.
Setup will then begin copying necessary files from the installation point (CD,
local I386 or network share). Note: If you began the installation process from an MS-DOS floppy, make sure
you have and run SMARTDRV from the floppy, otherwise the copying processwill probably last more than an hour, perhaps even more. With SMARTDRV
(or if setup was run by booting from CD) the copying will probably last a few
minutes, no more than 5 max.
The computer will restart in graphical mode, and the installation will continue.
The setup process reboots and loads a GUI mode phase.
It will then begin to load device drivers based upon what it finds on yo ur
computer. You don't need to do anything at this stage.
Click Customize to change regional settings, if necessary.
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Current System Locale - Affects how programs display dates, times, currency,
and numbers. Choose the locale that matches your location, f or example,
French (Canada). Current Keyboard Layout - Accommodates the special characters and symbols
used in different languages. Your keyboard layout determines which characters
appear when you press keys on the keyboard. If you don't need to make any changes just press Next.
If you do need to make changes press Customize and add your System Locale
etc.
Note for Hebrew users: Unlike W2K, it is SAFE and it is OK for you to
install Hebrew language support at this phase.
Type your name and organization.
Type the product key.
Enter the appropriate license type and number of purchased licenses.
Type the computer name and a password for the local Administrator account.
The local Administrator account resides in the SAM of the computer, not in
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Active Directory. If you will be installing in a domain, you need either a pre -
assigned computer name for which a domain account has been created, or the
right to create a computer account within the domain.
If you enter a password that is blank or does not match the required complexity
settings you will get a warning message.
Select the date, time, and time zone settings.
Setup will now install the networking components.
If you're a stand-alone computer, or if you don't know what to enter, or if you
don't have the sufficient rights to join a domain - leave the default entry
selected and press next.
If you want to join a domain (NT 4.0 domain of W2K/2003 Active Directory
domain) enter the domain's name in the "Yes, make this computer a member of
the following domain" box.
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To successfully join a domain you need the following:
The person performing the installation must have a user account in ActiveDirectory. This account does not need to be the domain Administrator account.
The person performing the installation must have appropriate permission to
create a domain account for the computer during installation.
Setup finishes and boots Windows Server 2003.
Enter your user name and password to login .
Q4. Compare & contrast between Windows vs. Linux Operating system?
ANS : - INTRODUCTION OF Windows AND Linux : -
Linux and Windows
are operating systems. An operating system is the most important program that
runs on a computer. Every general -purpose computer must have an operating
system to run other programs. Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as
recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen,
keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling the hardware of
our system devices such as disk drives and printers etc.
Compression between windows and Linux:-
Windows Linux
1) All flavors of Windows 1) Linux come from different
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come from Microsoft.
2) Windows has low
sequerty.
3) in windows the user saves
his files anywhere in the
drive.
4) In windows we often use
mouse.
5) Windows is not free
software Windows Vista
Ultimate costs $398.99 at
the time of writing.
Companies that pay a
licensing annually could
have used the money for
other things like buying
an additional server to
reduce the load or evengive a bigger bonus to its
loyal employees.
6) Windows on the other
hand makes you lock your
own data in secret formats
that can only be accessed
with tools leased to you at
the vendors price.
7) MS Windows is based on
DOS MS Windows
Graphical User Interface
companies like LIndows,
Lycoris, RedHat, SuSe,
Mandrake ,Knopping,
Slackware.
2) Linux has high security.
3) In Linux each user will
have a home directory and
all his files will be save
under it.
4) When linux is properly
installed, there no longer a
need to use the mouse.
Chances of you using a
mouse is close to zero.
5) Linux is 100% free we
cant need for licence.
6) Linux file formats can be
accessed in a variety of ways because they are
free.
7) Linux is based on UNIX.
Linux GUI is based on
industry-standard
network-transparent X-
Windows.
8) Linux beats Windows
hands down on network
features, as a development
platform, in data
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(GUI) is based on
Microsoft-own
marketing-driven
specifications.
8) MS Windows desktop has
a more polished
appearance, simple
general business
applications, and many
more games for kids (less
intellectual games
compared to linuxs).
9) Windows is not
customizable.
10) Windows must
boot from a primary
partition.
11) Windows allows programs to store user
information (files and
settings) anywhere in the
drive.
processing capabilities,
and as a scientific
workstation.
9) Linux is customizable in
a way that Windows is
not. For example, NASlite
is a version of Linux that
runs off a single floppy
disk and converts an old
computer into a file
server. This ultra small
edition of Linux is
capable of networking,
file sharing and being a
web server.
10) Linux can boot
from either a primary
partition or a logical partition inside an
extended partition.
Windows must boot from
the first hard disk. Linux
can boot from any hard
disk in the computer.
11) In Linux each user will have a home
directory and all his files
will be save under it.
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Part- B
Q5:- Whats need of dual boot system? What is the role of boot loaders?
ANS: - Introduction of Dual Boot System : -
It is possible to have more than
one operating system installed on a computer at once. While only one operatingsystem can be run at once, you may choose which one to start when the computer is initially turned on. This is called dual-booting.
Advantages of dual-booting:-
1) You can boot into Windows if you need to use a Windows-specificapplication else you boot on another OS.
2) You can gradually switch to another operating system one step at a
time.Disadvantages of dual-booting :-
1) As two operating systems are installed, they can take up a large amount of hard disk space.
2) Upgrading to another version of Windows can cause the dual -bootconfiguration to break.
3) Start-up time is slightly increased.
4) More complicated than just running one operating system.
Role Of Boot Loaders : -
A boot loader is the first software program that runs
when a computer starts. It is responsible for loading and transferring control to the
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service Pack2. Registered to :- Lovely
76487-640-6414436-23006
COMPUTER
Ram: -512(496)MB. Processor: -Intel(R) Pentium(r) D CPU 2.66GHz. Mouse & key board: - HCL. Hard disk: -40GB.
Communicating devices:- Server Router Switches
Server: -
The server is main computer who provides the services to our
users. The server linked to other computers or electronic devices together. They
often provide essential services across a network, either to private users inside alarge organization (LPU) or to public users via the internet.
For example, when you enter a query in a search engine, the query is sent from
your computer over the internet to the servers that stor e all the relevant web pages.
The results are sent back by the server to your computer. Many servers have
dedicated functionality such as web servers, print servers, and database servers.
Router : -A router is a networking device whose software and hardware are
customized to the tasks of routing and forwarding information. Routers connect
two or more logical subnets, each having a different network address. The subnets
in the router do not necessarily map one-to-one to the physical interfaces of the
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router. The term "layer 3 switching" is often used interchangeably with the term
"routing". The term switching is generally used to refer to data forwarding
between two network devices with the same network address. This is also called
layer 2 switching or LAN switching.
Switches: -
A network switch or switching hub is a computer networking
device that connects network segments switch plays an integral part in most
Ethernet local area networks or LANs. Mid-to-large sized LANs contain a number
of linked managed switches. Small library , office/home office applications
typically use a single switch or an all -purpose converged device such as a gateway
access to small office/home broadband services such as DSL router or cable Wi-Fi
router. In most of these cases, the end-user device contains the Linksys 8-port and
48-port devices.
Q7. Join 2 computers to the domain and record the procedure.
ANS: - Connecting Two Computers with Each Other :-
Two computers with a network card installed in each one of them
Creating the Active Directory After you have installed Windows Server 2003 on astand-alone server, run the Active Directory Wizard to create the new ActiveDirectory forest or domain, and then convert the Windows Server 2003 computer
into the first domain controller in the forest. To convert a Windows Server 2003computer into the first domain controller in the forest, follow these steps:
1. Insert the Windows Server 2003 CD-ROM into your computer's CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive.
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2. Click Start, click Run, and then type dcpromo.
3. Click OK to start the Active Directory Installation Wizard, and then click Next.
4. Click Domain controller for a new domain, and then click Next.
5. Click Domain in a new forest, and then click Next.
6. Specify the full DNS name for the new domain. Note that because this procedure is for a laboratory environment and you are not integrating thisenvironment into your existing DNS infrastructure, you can use somethinggeneric, such as mycompany.local, for this setting. Click
Next.
7. Accept the default domain NetBIOS name (this is "mycompany" if you usedthe suggestion in
step 6). Click Next.
8. Set the database and log file location to the default setting of the c:\winnt\ntdsfolder, and then click Next.
9. Set the Sysvol folder location to the default setting of the c: \winnt\sysvolfolder, and then click next.
10. Click Install and configure the DNS server on this computer, and then click next.
11. Click Permissions compatible only with Windows 2000 or Windows Server 2003 servers or operating systems, and then click Next.
12. Because this is a laboratory environment, leave the password for the
Directory Services Restore Mode Administrator blank. Note that in a full production environment, this password is set by using a secure password format.Click Next.
13. Review and confirm the options that you selected, and then click Next.
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14. The installation of Active Directory proceeds. Note that this operation maytake several minutes.
15. When you are prompted, restart the computer. After the computer restarts,confirm that the Domain Name System (DNS) service location records for the
new domain controller have been created. To confirm that the DNS servicelocation records have been created, follow these steps:
1. Click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and then click DNS to start theDNS Administrator Console.
2. Expand the server name, expand Forward Lookup Zones, and then expandthe domain.
3. Verify that the _msdcs, _sites, _tcp, and _udp folders are present. Thesefolders and the service location records they contain are critical to ActiveDirectory and Windows Server 2003 operations.
1. To create a new user, follow these steps:
1. Click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and then click Active DirectoryUsers and Computers to start the Active Directory Users and Computers console.
2. Click the domain name that you created, and then exp and the contents.
3. Right-click Users, point to New, and then click User.
4. Type the first name, last name, and user logon name of the new user, andthen click
Next.
5. Type a new password, confirm the password, and then click to select oneof the following check boxes:
* Users must change password at next logon (recommended for mostusers)
* User cannot change password
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* Password never expires
* Account is disabled
Click Next.
6. Review the information that you provided, and if everything is correct,click
Finish.
2. After you create the new user, give this user account m embership in a groupthat permits that user to perform administrative tasks. Because this is a laboratoryenvironment that you are in control of, you can give this user account fulladministrative access by making it a member of the Schema, Enterprise, andDomain administrators groups. To add the account to the Schema, Enterprise, andDomain administrators groups, follow these steps:
1. On the Active Directory Users and Computers console, right -click thenew account that you created, and then click Properties.
2. Click the Member Of tab, and then click Add.
3. In the Select Groups dialog box, specify a group, and then click OK to add
the groups that you want to the list.
4. Repeat the selection process for each group in wh ich the user needsaccount membership.
5. Click OK to finish.
3. The final step in this process is to add a member server to the domain. This process also applies to workstations. To add a computer to the domain, followthese steps:
1. Log on to the computer that you want to add to the domain.
2. Right-click My Computer, and then click Properties.
3. Click the Computer Name tab, and then click Change.
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4. In the Computer Name Changes dialog box, click Domain un der Member Of, and then type the domain name. Click OK.
5. When you are prompted, type the user name and password of the accountthat you previously created, and then click OK.
A message that welcomes you to the domain is generated.
6. Click OK to return to the Computer Name tab, and then click OK tofinish.