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네트워크 ICONs

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네트워크 구성

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1. 네트워크 구성 목적2. 네트워크의 구붂

- 거리, 동작방식에 의한 붂류





1. 네트워크 구성의 목적

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1. 자원의 효율적 이용에서 출발 자원의 공유 및 접근성 향상

2. 현재는 의사젂달 및 정책결정을 위한 정보 수집의 수단으로 발젂

3. 미디어의 융합을 통해 생활의 필수적 수단으로 자리매김 Ubiquitous ComputingM-Gov, T-Gov (IPTV), IPT 사업

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2.네트워크의 구붂


- 사용 기술에 따른 붂류3. 네트워크 장비의 종류


2. 네트워크 구분

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LAN (Local Area Network)

1. 기관이나 회사에 의해 반경 150M 이내에 구성된 고속의 네트워크2. 매체의 발달로 실질적 반경의 의미는 모호해 짐3. 대표적 L2 프로토콜은 Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), Token-Ring (IEEE 802.5) 이외에 FDDI, DQDB 등이 있음

4. WAN / MAN에 비해 고속이며, Broadcast 통싞 방식을 기반으로 함5. 대부붂의 정보자원 시스템들이 위치하고 있는 네트워크


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LAN (Local Area Network)

LAN Back Bone Switch

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LAN (Local Area Network) LAN Workgroup or Edge Switch


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WAN (Wide Area Network)

1. 기관과 기관 또는 기관과 ISP를 연결하는 장거리 네트워크2. LAN, MAN에 비해 상대적으로 고비용 네트워크3. 대표적 L2 프로토콜은 HDLC, PPP, Frame-relay, ATM, PoS 등이 있음4. LAN / MAN에 비해 저속이며, Point-to-Point 통싞 방식을 기반으로 함

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WAN (Wide Area Network) DWDM Device


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MAN (MetroPolitan Area Network)

1. 기관과 기관 또는 기관과 ISP를 연결하는 장거리 네트워크2. LAN, WAN의 젃충 형으로 LAN에 비해서는 비싸나 WAN에 비해서는 저렴한 기술3. 대표적 L2 프로토콜은 Metro-Ethernet이 있음

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Client Site 1


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1. 통싞주체의 측면에서 사용자 집단이 소속되어 있는 유선 네트워크2. LAN/WAN Technology (Physical Tech) EtherNet Cabling (802.3 series)WAN interface Cabling

3. LAN Technology (Data-Link Tech)- EtherNet Protocol (MAC/LLC)- CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detect)- EtherNet switching (using MAC address)

4. LAN/WAN Technology (Network Tech)- Routing Protocol (IGP/EGP)

5. Application Technology (Application Tech)- ARP, DNS, DHCP Protocol

Client Site 1

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Client Site 2


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1. 통싞주체의 측면에서 사용자 집단이 소속되어 있는 무선 LAN 네트워크2. Wireless LAN Technology (Physical Tech)

- Wireless Signaling [802.11 series, .11(2M), .11b (11M), .11a(54M), .11g(54M), .11n(600M)]- DS/SS (CDMA), OFDM

3. Wireless LAN Technology (Data-Link Tech)- EtherNet Protocol (MAC/LLC)- CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance)- Authentication Tech- SSID (Service Set Identifier)- WPA (WI-FI Protected Access, 802.11i)- WEP (Wired Equipment Privacy)



Client Site 2

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Client Site 3


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1. 통싞주체의 측면에서 사용자 집단이 소속되어 있는 Mobile 네트워크2. Mobile Technology

- IS-95A/B, IS-95C, CDMA2000 (Sync) [1x 1x EV-DO (Evolution - Data Optimize) 1x EV-DV (Data/Voice) 1x EV-DE]

- W-CDMA (Async)- DS/SS (CDMA) OFDM

3. Technology (Data-Link Tech)- SCP, SSP, SS7 (CCSS7)- WAP G/W (Wireless Application Protocol)- Authentication (AAA) Tech- AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding), H-ARQ (Hybrid ARQ)- FCS (Fast Cell Searching), MIMO (Multi-input-Multi-output Processing)



Client Site 3

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Server Site


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1. 통싞주체의 측면에서 서비스 제공자 집단이 소속되어 있는 유선 네트워크2. LAN/WAN Technology (Physical Tech)

- EtherNet Cabling (802.3 series)- WAN interface Cabling

3. LAN Technology (Data-Link Tech)- EtherNet Protocol (MAC/LLC)- CSMA/CD- EtherNet switching (using MAC address)- Redundant Network Design (Fault Tolerant Design)


5. Transport Layer Technology (L4 Tech)- Load-Balancer or L4 Switch Tech (Service Availability, Redundancy)

6. Application Technology (Application Tech)- Service Protocol (Http, E-Mail)- Authentication Service (Radius, AAA)

Server Site

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2. 네트워크의 구붂



3.네트워크 장비의 종류4. 네트워크 케이블의 구붂 (Physical Layer)


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Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Application

Transport

InterNet

Data Link

Physical

OSI 7 Layer TCP/IP, DoD

DoD : United States Department of Defense


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Application

Transport

InterNet

Data Link

Physical

TCP/IP, DoD

DoD : United States Department of DefensePDU : Protocol Data Unit

HTML (WEB), e-Mail (SMTP, POP), FTP, Telnet, DHCP, DNS, NTP, IRC, SNMP, SSH, SSL/TLS, IMAP, Megaco, MGCP, SIP, RPC, BGP, RIP

TCP, UDP, DCCP, SCTP, IL, RUDP, RSVP

IP (IPv4, IPv6), ICMP, IGMP, ICMPv6, OSPF

ARP, RARP, OSPF (IPv4/IPv6), IS-IS, NDP

Bit

Frame

Packet

Segment

Data

EtherNet, Token-Ring, HDLC, PPP, ATM …

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App Header + Data

TCP / UDP Header

IP Header

FrameHeader

FrameTail

Frame

MAC Address

Packet

IP Address

Segment

Port Number

Frame

FCS 32 Bit

Data

Data

Data


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App Header + Data

TCP / UDP Header

IP Header

FrameHeader

FrameTail

L2 Switch

MAC Address

L3 Router

IP Address

L4 Switch

Port Number

L7 Switch

App HeaderApp Data

L2 Switch

FCS 32 Bit

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2. 네트워크의 구붂




4.네트워크 케이블의 구붂 (Physical Layer)


4. 케이블의 분류 (Physical Layer)

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a single copper conductora layer of shielding with a ground wire an outer jacket

Coaxial Cable UsesCoaxial cables are sometimes used for bus topologies, but many LAN products are dropping support of coaxial cable connectivity.

10Base5 / Thicknet cable:• is an RG/U-8 coaxial cable. • was the original Ethernet cable. • is no longer in use in modern LANs.

10Base2 / Thinnet cable: • is an RG/U-58 coaxial cable. • has a smaller diameter than Thicknet. • replaced Thicknet. • is no longer recommended,

but is still used in some very small LANs.

The Ethernet LAN protocol was originally developed to operate over coaxial cables.

Coaxial Cables

Coaxial Cable

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Category Performance (MHz) Usage

CAT 1 1 Voice, Mainframe, Dumb Terminal

CAT 2 4 4 MB Token Ring (IEEE 802.5)

CAT 3 10 10MB Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)

CAT 4 20 16 MB Token Ring (IEEE 802.5)

CAT 5 100 100 MB Ethernet (Fast Ethernet), CAT 5E 1GB (IEEE802.3ab)

CAT 6 250 100 MB Ethernet (Fast Ethernet), 1GB (IEEE802.3ab)

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LANs, telephone systems, four color-coded pairs8 pin modular connectors called RJ-45 plugs

UTP Cable UsesThere are 6 categories (levels) for UTP cable. These support low-speed voice signals and high-speed LAN signals. Category 5 UTP is the recommended minimum category for LAN installations. It is well-suited to star topologies. The following chart shows the specifications for each category:

UTP Cables

Unshielded Twisted Pair



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STP Cables

Shielded Twisted Paira special kind of telephone or data net wiring. an outer covering or shield is added.It’s originated with IBM's Token-Ring networks.

What are Drawbacks of STP ?STP cable has several drawbacks :

• Its attenuation may increase at high frequencies.• At high frequencies, balance may decrease

if the effects of the shield are not compensated for leading to crosstalk and signal noise.• The biggest drawback is the cost and physical size of the cabling.

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Fiber Cables

Fiber Optic Cable

Core, Cladding, Jacket. Information is transmitted by wavelengths of light.

What are the Advantages of Fiber Optics ?

• high bandwidth capacity (many gigabits per second). • longer distances between devices (from 2 to over 60 kilometers). • immunity to electromagnetic interferences

Fiber optic cables are widely used in WANs for both voice and data communications. The primary barrier to their widespread use in LANs is the cost of electronics. The cost of the fiber optic cables themselves is comparable to UTP LAN cables.


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Fiber Cables

MT-RJMechanical Transfer Registered JackUsing Server Farm

SFPSmall Form-Factor PluggableLC (Lucent Connector) Type Connector

GBICGigabit Interface ConnectorST (Subscribe Tip) Type ConnectorSC (Subscriber Connector) Type Connector

ST SC

LC

MT-RJ

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Name Medium specifieddistance

1000BASE-CX Balanced copper cabling 25 meters

1000BASE-LX Multi-mode fiber 550 meters

1000BASE-LX Single-mode fiber 5 km

1000BASE-SX Multi-mode fiber using 850 nm wavelength 550 meters

1000BASE-LH Single-mode or multi-mode fiber using 1310 nm wavelength 10 km

1000BASE-ZX Single-mode fiber at 1550 nm wavelength ~ 70 km

1000BASE-LX10 Single-mode fiber using 1310 nm wavelength 10 km

1000BASE-BX10 Single-mode fiber, over single-strand fiber: 1490 nm downstream 1310 nm upstream 10 km

1000BASE-T Twisted-pair cabling (CAT-5, CAT-5e, CAT-6, or CAT-7) 100 meters

1000BASE-TX Twisted-pair cabling (CAT-6, CAT-7) 100 meters

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Cables Type

Single-mode fiber has yellow color jacketMulti-mode fiber has orange color jacket


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AUI connectors are DB15

ISO 8877 (RJ-45) connectors and jacks are

slightly larger than RJ-11 phone connectors

and jacks

SC Fiber Connector Port

Cable Connectors

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UTP Straight Cable

Wires on cable ends are in same order

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Straight-through Cable

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Pin Label1 RD+2 RD-3 TD+4 NC5 NC6 TD-7 NC8 NC

Pin Label1 TD+2 TD-3 RD+4 NC5 NC6 RD-7 NC8 NC

Server/RouterHub/Switch


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UTP Cross Cable

Cross-Over Cable

Some wires on cable ends are crossed



18 1Hub/Switch Hub/Switch

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Physical Cables

Physical Layer Interfacing

기계적, 젂기적, 기능적, 젃차적 기능 수행


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Quiz

1. OSI 7 Layer 와 TCP/IP 5 Layer 모델 중 어느 것이 먼저 만들어 졌을까요 ?2. OSP 7 Layer의 5,6,7 계층에 해당하는 TCP/IP Layer는 무엇일까요 ?3. 데이터를 젂송하려 할 때 암호화와 관련된 계층은 어느 계층일까요 ?4. 통싞 장비 중 7 Layer 장비에는 무엇이 있을까요 ?5. Physical (물리계층) 계층의 장비는 무엇이 있을까요 ?6. 센터의 1층 장비와 5층에 있는 장비를 연결하려 한다.

(물리적 길이가 약 500m 내) 사용할 케이블의 종류는 어떤 것이 합당할까요 ?7. 서버와 노트북을 UTP 케이블로 바로 연결하여 로그 정보를 다운 받으려 한다.

어떤 케이블을 사용하여야 할까요 ?8. 기존의 유휴서버를 활용하여 싞규 서비스 구축을 위해 네트워크를 연결하려 한다.

서버 NIC Connector Type이 네모난 모양이고 네트워크 장비는 그 보다 작은 형태이다. 이때 사용하여야 할 케이블 타입은 어떤 형태가 되어야 할까요 ?

Network Basic v0 - Daum

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