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EP_BT001_E1_1 EPC Network Basic Principle
1-2
Targets
Upon completing the course, you will be able to: Familiar with EPC basic theory Familiar with EPC system structure and interface Know EPC interface protocol stack Know key technologies of EPC network
1-3
Contents
LTE/EPC Evolution EPC Network Structure EPC Interfaces and protocol stack EPC Key Technologies ZTE Solution and product
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-4
Broadband Trend in Wireless Technology
Bandwidth in wireless network is increasing 10k→100k→1M→10M→100M The increasing in system capacity and frequency spectrum decreases the
bearer cost of packet service every bit Many kinds of wireless technology co-exists at the same time
IMT-Advance
4G
CDMA2000 Evolution
2001-2005 2006
HSDPA Phase I
1.8M/3.6Mbps
HSDPA Phase II7.2/14.4Mbps
HSUPA2M/5.76Mbps
LTE
DL:100MbpsUL:50Mbps
GSM/GPRSEDGE
171/384kbps
WCDMAR99/R4
384kbps
WCDMA Evolution
2007 2008 2009
HSPA+DL >40MbpsUL >10Mbps
1xEV-DO Rev. 0DL: 2.4MbpsUL:153.6kbps
DO Rev. B(MC DO)
DL : 46.5MbpsUL: 27Mbps
1xEV-D0 Rev. ADL: 3.1MbpsUL: 1.8Mbps
CDMA 1X153kbps
2010 2011
IEEE802.16e70Mbps
IEEE802.16mDL:100MbpsUL: 50Mbps
WiMAX Evolution
IEEE802.16d20Mbps
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-5
Unified Packet Core Network Structure
1 Two level architecture of user
plane
2 control plane and user plane
together
3 TDM /ATM adopted
2/3G Core Network
1 Flat core network
2 control and bearer separated
partially
3 ALL IP bearer
3G DTS Mode Core Network
1 Flat Core Network
2 Control and bearer separation
3 ALL IP bearer
EPC Architecture
SGSN
GGSN
SGSN
2/3G
GERAN/UTRAN
ATM/TDM
ATM/TDM
IP
IP
GGSN
SGSN
GGSN
3G-DTS
IP
IP
UTRAN
SAE-GW
MME
SAE-GW
LTE/EPC
IP
IP
Unified Core NetworkUnified Core Network
Unified IP bearer modeUnified IP bearer mode
Unified control and bearer separationUnified control and bearer separation
Unified flat networkUnified flat network
GSMGSMTDSCDMATDSCDMA
Non-3GPPNon-3GPPLTELTE
eUTRAN
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-6
Flatter Architecture
SGSN
GGSN
RNC RNC
NodeBNodeB NodeB
NodeB
RNCRNC
SGSN
GGSN
SGSN/MME
GGSN/SAE-GW
eNodeB
eNodeB
Step 1 DTS is introduced in PCN: SGSN is in charge of signaling processing only, packets are transferred from GGSN to RNC directly.Step 2 Flatter architecture in RAN: RNC and NodeB is integrated to eNodeB for LTE and HSPA+
Step 1 DTS is introduced in PCN: SGSN is in charge of signaling processing only, packets are transferred from GGSN to RNC directly.Step 2 Flatter architecture in RAN: RNC and NodeB is integrated to eNodeB for LTE and HSPA+
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-7
MMESAE GW
Internet&Sevice network
HLR/HSS/AAA
Control Plane
User Plane
DHCP
NTP
DNS
Support network
WimaxSAE GW = Serving GW+PDN GW
LTE
GSM
SGSNGGSN
AGW
CDMA
PDSN
WCDMA
Se
rvic
e C
on
tinu
ity
Core network should support multiple access technology. Core network should support seamless mobility and service continuity across
RATs. Core network should bridge the current to the future.
Unified Core Network For Multi-RATs
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-8
WiFiWiFi
WiMaxWiMax
NodeB/BTSNodeB/BTS
CDMA1X
EVDO
GPRS
EDGE
UMTS
HSPA
WiMax
WiFi
LTE
Streaming
Message
Internet
VPN
VOD
WAP
LCS
MBMSSAE-GWSAE-GW
Subscriber Control Event measurement Balance enforcement Purchase acknowledgement Account replenishment
Service Differentiation Premium Service Service authorization Filtering
Content usage collectionand enforcement Popular application Popular content User profiling
Content based and comprehensive billing L3 or L4 billing URL billing event billing
GGSNGGSNPDSNPDSN
AGWAGW
Intelligent Data Service Awareness
EPC Network Basic Principle
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IMS
Circuit Core Legacy Packet Core
Evolved Packet Core
Core Network
2G
Phase Out over timeLTE Non-3GPP
Voice Service Network (PSTN etc.)
Voice Service Network (PSTN etc.)
Packet Service Network (Internet, Operator data
service)
Service Network
3G
To pure EPS
LTE
3G
2G
Smooth Evolution of Mobile Network
EPC Network Basic Principle
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1Feasibility study2004.12~2006.6 月 network structure optimization feasibility study ,Export these protocols: TR 23.882: "3GPP system architecture evolution (SAE): Report on technical options and conclusions"
2Stage1 (requirement phase)Define SAE requirement. Finish at 2006.12Export these protocols: 3GPP TS 22.278: "Service requirements for evolution of the system architecture:"
3Stage2 (technique implementation )Define SAE network structure, functional entity and interfaces. Finish at 2008. 6Export these protocols :3GPP TS 23.401: "General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enhancements for Long Term Evolution (LTE) access“3GPP TS 23.402: "3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accesses"
4Stage3 (protocol implementation)Define interface protocols. Finish at 2009.3Current protocols are :3GPP TR 24.801: "3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE); CT WG1 aspects"3GPP TR 29.803: "3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): CT WG4 aspects"3GPP TR 29.804: "3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): CT WG3 aspects"
EPC standard Evolution
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-11
Organizations Leading in LTE/EPC Ecosystem
Functional Requirements
Standards Establishment
LTE/SAE Trial Initiative
TSG RAN
TSG SA
TSG CT
PCG
TSG GERAN
Members
Sponsors
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-12
3GPP Versions Released Records
* HSPA+ = 42 Mbps @ 64QAM + MIMO, 82 Mbps @ DC-HSDPA
LTE-Adv
LTE/SAE Enhance,
LTE-Adv Feasibility Study
HSPA+ Phase II, LTE/SAE
HSPA+ Phase I,
LTE/SAE Feasibility
HSUPA,MBMS,
WiLAN-UMTS IWK
HSDPA,
IMS
BICC, TD-SCDMA
CS & PS, R99 Radio Bearers
Main Function
50050UL
1000160
DLLTE/LTE-A
Mbps
11 or 2211.525.760.3840.3840.384UL
42 or 82*28.814.414.40.3840.384DLWCDMA
Mbps
Mar 11Mar 10Mar 09Dec 07Mar 05Mar 02Mar 01Dec 99Frozen Time
Rel-10Rel-9Rel-8Rel-7Rel-6Rel-5Rel-4R993GPP
EPC Network Basic Principle
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EPC Features(1)
EPS provide access for various system Support roaming between different systems and within the
same system Support IP based broadband access network beside 3GPP Higher performance including low latency, low link
establish time and high quality Support roaming between EPS and between EPS and
existing network Support 3GPP R7 and earlier PS network service, support
communication between EPC and 3GPP R7 and earlier CS network
EPC Network Basic Principle
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EPC Features(2)
Support service continuity between different 3GPP access network, and between 3GPP and non-3GPP system
Support interconnection between fixed access system and support service continuity
Support various service provided by operators such as voice ,video, message and file transfer
Fully usage of system resources including frequency, terminal and power supply etc
1-15
Contents
LTE/EPC Evolution EPC Network Structure EPC Interfaces and protocol stack EPC Key Technologies ZTE Solution and product
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-16
Term Explanation
EUTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network,
refers to wireless network
EPC Evolved Packet Core, refers to core network
EPS
LTE Long Term Evolution=EUTRAN, only refers to wireless
network
SAE System Architecture Evolution=EPC, refers to core
network
EPC Network Basic Principle
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EPC Network
EPC Network Basic Principle
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all IP structure flat network structure media and control plane separated interconnection with existing network
SGi
S12
S3
S1 - MME
PCRF
S7
S6a
HSS
Operator 's IP Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
Rx+
S10
UE
SGSN
" LTE - Uu "
E - UTRAN
MME
S11
S5 Serving
Gateway
PDN
Gateway
S1 - U
S4
UTRAN
GERAN
EPS interconnecting with S4 SGSN network --3GPP non-roaming scenario TS 23.401 Non-roaming
EPC Network Basic Principle
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EPS interconnection with Gn/Gp GSN network ----- 3GPP non-roaming scenario
SGi
Gn
Gn S1-MME
PCRF
Gx
S6a
HSS
S10
UE
GERAN
UTRAN
Gn/Gp
SGSN
E-UTRAN
MME
S11
S5 SGW PGW Operator 's IP Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
Rx
Gr
S1u
• PGW provide Gn/Gp interface• MME provide Gn/Gp interface• PGW provide Gn/Gp interface• MME provide Gn/Gp interface
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-20
Support 3GPP access, EPC NE functions
MME Serving GW PDN GW
NAS signaling processing
NAS signaling security protection
Mobility management between different 3GPP nodes
Tracing and reaching of idle mobile terminal
TA List management Selection of PDN GW
and Serving GW Selection of MME and
SGSN Lawful monitoring Roaming control Security authentication Bearer management
Anchor point for hand off process between eNodeB
E-UTRAN data cache under idle mode and triggering of network side Service Request process
Lawful monitoring Packets routing and
forwarding UL/DL transport layer
data labeling Statistics based on
user and QCI (used for billing between operators)
DL/UL billing based on user, PDN and QCI
Filtering based on user Lawful monitoring IP address assignment UL/DL transport layer data
labeling PCC non-GBR DL rate control
based on AMBR GBR DL rate control based
on MBR DHCPv4 and
DHCPv6 ( client 、 server )
DL/UL Bearer binding UL bearer binding check
Similar to control plane of SGSN Similar to user plane of SGSN Similar to GGSN
EPC Network Basic Principle
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3GPP access structure (home routed)
S6a
HSS
S8
S3
S1 - MME
S10
UTRAN
GERAN
SGSN
MME
S11
Serving Gateway UE
“ LTE
- Uu ”
E - UTRAN
S12
HPLMN
VPLMN
PCRF
Gx Rx
SGi Operator’s IP
Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
PDN Gateway
S 1 - U
S4
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-22
3GPP access structure (Local Break Out)
S6a
HSS
S 5
S3 S1 - MME
S10
GERAN
UTRAN
S G SN
MME
S11
Serving G ateway UE
" LTE - Uu" E - UTRAN
S4
HPLMN
VPLMN
V - PCRF
Gx
SGi
PDN G ateway
S1 - U
H - PCRF
S9
Home Operator’s IP
Services
Rx
Visited Oper ator PDN
S12
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-23
Non-3GPP Access Structure (S2a/S2b)
SGi
PCRF
Gx
HSS
S2b
SWn
Operator's IP Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
SWm
SWx
Untrusted Non-3GPP IP
Access SWa
HPLMN
Non-3GPP Networks
S6b
Rx
PDN Gateway
ePDG 3GPP AAA Server
Gxb
S2a
Gxa
Trusted Non-3GPP IP
Access STa
Gxc
S5
S6a
3GPP Access
Serving Gateway
UE
SWu
• PGW support S2a/S2b interface to implement non-3GPP access• S2a support access from trusted non-3GPP, S2b support access from untrusted
non-3GPP network• S2a is based on PMIP and MIPv4, S2b is based on PMIPv6
• PGW support S2a/S2b interface to implement non-3GPP access• S2a support access from trusted non-3GPP, S2b support access from untrusted
non-3GPP network• S2a is based on PMIP and MIPv4, S2b is based on PMIPv6
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-24
Non-3GPP Access Structure (S2c)
SGi
PCRF
Gx
HSS
SWn
Operator's IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS, etc.)
SWm
SWx
Untrusted Non - 3GPP IP
Access SWa
HPLMN
Non-3GPP Networks
S6b
Rx
PDN Gateway
Trusted Non-3GPP IP Access
STa
S2c S2c
ePDG 3GPP AAA Server
UE
Gxa
Gxb
Gxc
S5
S6a
S2c
3GPP Access
Serving Gateway
• PGW support S2c interface for the access of non-3GPP network• S2c is the interface between UE and PGW, UE can get accessed from any
network, no need to add new function on roaming network• S2c is based on DSMIPv6 protocol
• PGW support S2c interface for the access of non-3GPP network• S2c is the interface between UE and PGW, UE can get accessed from any
network, no need to add new function on roaming network• S2c is based on DSMIPv6 protocol
1-25
Contents
LTE/EPC Evolution EPC Network Structure EPC Interfaces and protocol stack EPC Key Technologies ZTE Solution and product
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-26
EPC Main Interfacesinterface protocol
Protocol number Related NE Interface Function
S1-MME S1AP 36.413 eNodeB - MME SM and MM info transfer
S1-U GTPv1 29.060 eNodeB – S-GWTunnel established between GW and eNodeB
to transfer data
S11 GTPv2 29.274 MME – S-GWGTP adopted to establish tunnel between MME
and GW to transfer signal
S3 GTPv2 29.274 MME – SGSNGTP adopted to establish tunnel between MME
and SGSN to transfer signal
S4 GTPv2 29.274 S-GW – SGSNGTP adopted to establish tunnel between S-GW
and SGSN to transfer data and signal
S6a Diameter 29.272 MME - HSSUser location information switching and user
profile information management
S10 GTPv2 29.274 MME - MMEGTP adopted to establish tunnel between MME
to transfer signal
S12 GTPv1 29.060 S-GW – UTRANEstablish tunnel between UTRAN and GW to
transfer data
S2a PMIPv6/MIPv4 RFC5213P-GW – Trusted Non-
3GPP IP Accesse Transfer non-3GPP service data
S5/S8 GTPv2 29.274 S-GW – P-GWGTP adopted to establish tunnel between GW
to transfer data
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-27
EPC Main Protocol Stack
SCTP
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
SCTP
S1-MME eNodeB MME
S1-AP S1-AP
UDP
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
UDP
S10 MME MME
GTP-C GTP-C
UDP
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
UDP
S11 MME S-GW
GTP-C GTP-C
SCTP
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
S6a MME HSS
Diameter Diameter
SCTP
1-28
Contents
LTE/EPC Evolution EPC Network Structure EPC Interfaces and protocol stack EPC Key Technologies ZTE Solution and product
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-29
TA List1TA List1
TA List2TA List2
Idea of TA List
All the tracking areas in a Tracking Area List to which a UE is registered are served by the same serving MME.
The MME may initiate the GUTI Reallocation procedure to reallocate TAI list at any time when a signaling association is established between UE and MME.
The TAI list may also be reallocated by the Attach or the Tracking Area Update procedures
The UE doesn’t need trigger TA update procedure when the UE moves in the same TA List.
The Tracking Area Identity is constructed from the MCC (Mobile Country
Code), MNC (Mobile Network Code) and TAC (Tracking Area Code).
The Tracking Area Identity is constructed from the MCC (Mobile Country
Code), MNC (Mobile Network Code) and TAC (Tracking Area Code).
TA 1TA 1
TA 2TA 2
TA 5TA 5
TA 4TA 4
TA 3TA 3
MMEMME
TA (Tracking Area) List ---- Optimization of Mobility Management
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-30
ISR (Idle Signaling Reduction) ---- Optimization of Mobility Management
TA1TA3
RA3
TA2TA4
TA5
RA1
RA2
TA List1TA List1
TA List2TA List2
ISR
Combined Area= TA List + RAThe UE doesn’t need trigger TA update procedure when it moves in the combined area.ISR is not recommended to deploy in commercial phase because of
its complexity and less benefits.
Combined areaCombined area
RA4
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-31
IPv4v6 Dual Stack EPS Bearer HandlingIPv4v6 Bearer AdvantageIPv4v6 Bearer AdvantageBearer
TypeLTE 2/3G Note
IPv4 Y Y UE gets IPv4 address and forward IPv4 packet
Ipv6 Y Y UE getsIPv6 address and forward IPv6 packet
IPv4v6 Y Y/N UE gets IPv4 and v6 addresses and forward IPv4 and IPv6 packets
Solve the problem of forwarding IPv4 and IPv6 addresses within user data in one PDP context, reduce the bearer context numbers needed
Terminal SGSN/MME PDN-GW
Bearer Type is decided by terminal capabilities
IPv6 and IPv4 supported terminal ask for IPv4v6
IPv4 supported terminal ask for IPv4
IPv6 supported terminal ask for IPv6
Unclear of the capability of terminal ask for IPv4v6
MME/SGSN send request to PGW to identify Dual Stack Flag on following conditions
if UE signed Dual Stack return deny, otherwise return “subscription limitation” to UE
whether UE can switch to network not support IPv4v6, if yes return “single address bearers only” to UE
PGW check the following conditions to judge if Dual Stack request can be accepted
If this APN is not allowed to use two IP addresses, then only one IP address is assigned and return “network preference” to UE
If this APN is allowed to use two IP addresses then assign IPv4 address and IPv6 address and accept the request
R8 network IPv4v6 Dual Stack Bearer Processing Method
LTE and 2/3G bearer is one to one mapping
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-32
EPC Network Security Optimization
UE
eNB
eNB
Xu
Xu
MMES 1 - C
S 1 - CX 2
Evolved Packet Core ( EPC )
E - UTRAN
SAE GW
S 1 -U
S 1 -U
Security layer 1 Security layer 2
Security layer 1
EPS Security and UMTS Security in Common EPS access authentication: AKA
EPS Security and UMTS Security in Difference EPS security layers
AS ( Access Stratum ) security–Security between UE and eNB ( E-UTRAN ) , including RRC signaling confidentiality, RRC signaling integrity and UP (User Plane) confidentiality
NAS ( Non Access Stratum ) security–Security between UE and MME, including NAS signaling confidentiality and NAS signaling integrity
Network Domain Security–Security between layer 1 and layer 2, adopting NDS/IPsec
SNOW3G
AES
ZTE support the above
algorithms according to
3GPP 33series.
AS and NAS algorithms
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-33
Analysis of SGSN type in EPC Network
SGSN is GnGp SGSN SGSN is S4 SGSN
Advantage
Less modification to legacy GPRS networkNot much modification to legacy 2/3G user service flow and feeling to the serviceNetwork structure is simple
There is only one network that is EPC network;Only one set of contracted data is needed in operator network : HSS ;Only one set of DNS is needed in operator network : R8 DNS(EPC DNS);No problem in communication with non-3GPP network;There is only one set of billing system: EPC billing;Support ISRGood for extension of new functions
Disadvantage
GnGp SGSN can not get user attribute and is unable to select GGSN and PGWTwo sets of contracted data management: HLR and HSSSupport of Pre-R8 DNS(GPRS DNS) and R8 DNS(EPC DNS) is neededSupport of GPRS and EPC billing is neededISR is not supported, it is implemented between S3/S4 SGSN and MMENot good for the extension of following new functionsProblem in communication with non 3GPP network: the basic requirement in communication with non 3GPP network is PGW address should be anchored for non optimization switching, but the anchoring of PGW address is reached by inform HSS , but because Gn/Gp SGSN use HLR , it is impossible to inform HSS and save PGW in HSS
More modification to legacy GPRS network, it is required to upgrade the Pre-R8 SGSN to S3/S4 SGSNNetwork is complicated due to the introducing of S3/S4 SGSN especially because the communication with legacy GPRS network.Service flow and feeling for old 2/3G user is changedService flow for 2/3G access is changed compared to legacy service flow in these two points:
It is requested that UE support network side initiation process, the initiation process is changed from UE initiate to network side initiate process;QoS negotiation is canceled, if wireless network can not meet the QoS requirement bearer will be deleted directly
Conclusion For the long term development, S4 SGSN is preferred
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-34
Choice 1: Interworking With S4 SGSNHSSGSM
UTRAN
Se
rvic
e C
on
tinu
ity
Gb
Iu-PS
S4 SGSN
S4
S-GW
MME
P-GW
Internet&Sevice network
LTE
S1-MME
S1-US10
SGi
S5/S8S12
S6d
S6a
EPC
S3
GTPv2
UDP
IP
L2
L1
GTPv2
UDP
IP
L2
L1
S4 SGSN MME/SGWS3/S4
Diameter
SCTP/TCP
IP
L2
L1
Diameter
SCTP/TCP
IP
L2
L1
S4 SGSN HSSS6d
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-35
Choice 2: Interworking With Gn/Gp SGSN
HSSGSM
UTRAN
Se
rvic
e C
on
tinu
ity
Gb
Iu-PS
S-GW
MME
P-GW
Internet&Sevice network
LTE
S1-MME
S1-US10
SGi
S5/S8
Gn/Gp SGSN
S12
Gn/Gp S6a
Gr
EPC
Gn/Gp
To support GERAN/UTRAN handover from GERAN/UTRAN to LTE, the SGSN must be upgraded to R8
LTE to GERAN/UTRAN supported on pre R8 SGSN Does not support of R8 feature ISR Many protocols: GTPv0, V1 and V2, Diameter, MAP
Via Gn/Gp SGSN Via S4 SGSN
Need upgrading on SGSN Support of R8 feature as ISR Fewer protocols in the network: GTPv2,
Diameter
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-36
Mapping between R8 QoS and Pre R8 QoS
GERAN/UTRAN EUTRAN
SGSN
GGSN
MME
SAE-GW
Pre R8 PCN R8 EPC
MusicTV StockWEB
R7 Main QoS Profile
Traffic Class ARP 、 GBR 、 MBR Traffic Handling
Priority Signalling Indication Source Statistics
Descriptor Packet Delay Budget Packet Loss Rate
R8 Main QoS Profile
QoS Class Identifier, QCI
ARP 、 GBR 、 MBR UE AMBR APN AMBR
• Principle for QoS parameters mapping according 23.401 Mapping of Bearer context, ARP, GBR,MBR is 1 by 1 Mapping of QCI to Traffic Class, Traffic Handling Priority, Signaling Indication, and Source
Statistics Descriptor based on configuration and operators’ requirements• More flexible mapping control could be supported
Based on APN, subscriber type, IMSI mask
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-37
Standardized QCI Characteristics
This QCI is typically associated with an operator controlled service, i.e., a service where the SDF aggregate's uplink / downlink packet filters are known at the point in time when the SDF aggregate is authorized.
This QCI is typically associated with an operator controlled service, i.e., a service where the SDF aggregate's uplink / downlink packet filters are known at the point in time when the SDF aggregate is authorized.
QCI Resource Type
Priority Packet Delay Budget Packet Error Loss
Rate
Example Services
1 GBR 2 100 ms 10-2 Conversational Voice
2 4 150 ms 10-3 Conversational Video (Live Streaming)
3 3 50 ms 10-3 Real Time Gaming
4 5 300 ms 10-6 Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)
5 Non-GBR 1 100 ms 10-6 IMS Signalling
6 6 300 ms 10-6 Video (Buffered Streaming)TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file sharing, progressive video, etc.)
7 7 100 ms 10-3 Voice,Video (Live Streaming)Interactive Gaming
8 8 300 ms 10-6 Video (Buffered Streaming)TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file
sharing, progressive video, etc.)9 9
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-38
CS fallbackCS fallback
Voice Solutions for LTE
EPC
PSTN/PLMN
RAN/GERAN
MSCSMGW MME SAE-PGW
HSS
CS
INTRENET
SGs
eNodeB
EPC
PSTN/PLMN
RAN/GERAN
MSCSMGW MME SAE-PGW
HSS
CS
INTRENET
Sv
eNodeB
MGCF
SCC AS
IMS
CSCF
Voice over 2/3G, data over
LTE/EPC in LTE area
Upgrade on MSC/MSCS
Overlapped coverage of 2/3G and
LTE
No IMS
Defined in 3GPP R8
IMS+SRVCCIMS+SRVCC
All service over LTE/EPC in LTE
area
IMS needed
Upgrade on MSC/MSCS
Defined in 3GPP R8 (LTE->CS
only)
2211
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-39
LTE Voice Solution——SRVCC
UDP
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
UDP
Sv MSC Server MME
GTP GTPGERANGERAN
UTRANUTRAN
EUTRANEUTRAN
MMEMMEEPS DomainEPS Domain
E-MSC ServerE-MSC ServerCS DomainCS Domain
SVSV
Voice service continuity initiated by PS handover , MSC-MSC handover and domain switch
2G/3G and E-UTRAN overlap in border area SV interface between MME and enhanced MSC develop based on S3 interface Mature IMS network is deployed HSPA/IMS to 2G/3G CS SRVCC solution is similar
IMS DomainIMS Domain
SAE-GWSAE-GW
1 Han
dove
r
Requi
red
2 For
ward
Reloc
atio
n
Reque
st 3 Session transfer
4 Handover
Vo
ice S
ervice C
on
tinu
ity
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-40
LTE Voice Solution——SRVCC
Related NE modification: MSC
Support handover request sent from MME, and initiate CS bearer establishment and domain switch process
Support IMS to CS domain switch explained in TS23.237 Can negotiate CS handover and domain switch Initiate MAP location update process on behalf of UE
MME ( SGSN HSPA/IMS to 2G/3G occasion) Divide voice and non-voice from PS bearer, for voice bearer initiate
SRVCC handover, for non-voice initiate PS handover Negotiate PS handover and SRVCC handover
HSS Insert SRVCC VDN to MME during UE attach flow
UE Need to inform network whether SRVCC is supported or not
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-41
LTE Voice Solution—— CS Fallback
SCTP
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
SCTP
SGs MSC Server MME
SGsAP SGsAPGERANGERAN
UTRANUTRAN
EUTRANEUTRANMMEMME
EPS DomainEPS Domain
E-MSC ServerE-MSC Server
CS DomainCS Domain
SGsSGs
Voice service implemented by using CS lower layer architecture 2G/3G full coverage, that is E-UTRAN coverate area already covered by 2G/3G SGs interface supporting SGsAP based on SCTP developed upon Gs interface SMS service handled specially, NAS message forwarded by EPS ( among which SMS related
message encapsulated ) implement SMS communication between MSC and UE
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-42
LTE Voice Solution—— CS Fallback
Related NE modification: UE
EPS/CS mobility management SMS special handling
MSC SMS special handling SGs interface protocol stack
MME SGs interface special handling SMS special handling
E-UTRAN SMS , CS paging handling
1-43
Contents
LTE/EPC Evolution EPC Network Structure EPC Interfaces and protocol stack EPC Key Technologies ZTE Solution and product
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-44
ZTE Solution for broadband network
LTE WiMax / WiFiUTRAN/GERAN xDSL/xPON
OSA-OSA-SCSSCS
SCPSCPIM-SSFIM-SSF
SIPSIPASAS
SS
S
SS
S
SS
S
SS
S
Service Platform
GGSN HA SAE-GWSGSN
MME AGW ePDGAC/SR/BRAS
Features
6 unification
Unified user data
management
Unified service control and
billing policy
Unified network management
Unified mobility management
node --- uMAC
Unified gateway -- xGW
Unified access network SDR
merged network Support multiple network
access, including mobile and
fixed network access Flat structure Control and beaer
seperation
HLR/HSS/AAA/SPR PCRF
ZEPS (ZTE Evolved Packet Solution)
Unified gateway
xGW
Unified policy mgmtRAC
Unified user mgmtUSPP
Unified network mgmtNetNuman
统一移动性管理uMAC
Unified access networkSDR
ZEPSZEPS
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-45
SAE GW
BRAS
GGSN
SGSN
MME
HSSZXUN uMAC
ZXUN xGW
AGW
HA
PDSN
support at most 5000,000 user
99.999% reliability, complete redundancy backup
mechanism
high density processor, powerful service processing
capability
support at most 5000,000 user
99.999% reliability, complete redundancy backup
mechanism
high density processor, powerful service processing
capability
AAA
New generation of high end SR platform
1.92T switching capacity, 64.8Mpps packer forwarding
speed, 160G throughput
Support 10GE interface, at most 40G by cascade
Hardware QoS, support HQoS, support Qos management
for single user per service
99.999% reliability, complete redundancy backup
mechanism
Powerful RoHC, DPI capability
Embedded Firewall, complete security mechanism
Control plane platform
User Plane Platform
PCRF
ZEPS Advanced Platform
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-46
Large Capacity: Tbps level packet GW, 1.92Tbps per cabinet Serialization: 18/72/160G serial products.
Convergence & Evolution: seamlessly convergent for Fix &
Mobile access.
Intelligence: Intelligent service awareness and management
with embedded DPI engine.
Reliability: >99.999% reliability, multi redundancy mechanisms
September 2009BBWF InfoVision Awards
T8000 Router Platform
ZTE Convergent Broadband Packet GW—ZXUN xGW
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-47
Geographical Hot Spare Protection
Geographical backup on subscriber data, guarantee the session won’t be disconnected.
No extra support from other NE.
Geographical backup on subscriber data, guarantee the session won’t be disconnected.
No extra support from other NE.
Build-in Firewall
Dedicated FW module10Gbps per boardMulti-FW load share
Dedicated FW module10Gbps per boardMulti-FW load share
Hot Spare Protection
N+1 real time backup on subscriber data in service module.
1+1 backup for FW module
N+1 real time backup on subscriber data in service module.
1+1 backup for FW module
Firewall UnitFirewall Unit 11
22
33Site A
xGW1
Site B
xGW2
Heartbeat
Data synch
GS
U
FW
FW
PF
U
PF
U
GS
U
GS
U
GS
U
FW
FW
ZXUN xGW
ZXUN xGW provides telecom-grade Reliability
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-48
20
40
60
80
Av
a P
ow
er
(W/G
bp
s)
5260
63
41
C ZTE E H
•Switch off un-used service
boards in free time
•Switch off unused CPU within
service board
•Power on/off control on switch
board according to traffic load
Smart Power Control of Service Board
Smart Power Control of Switch Board
•Monitoring system
temperature in real time
•Speed adaptation according to
system temperature
Smart Fan Adaptation
•Monitoring power
consumption in real time
•Adaptation of output power via
automatic control module
Smart Power Supply
线卡
风扇电源
进程
业务
业务
线卡风扇
电源
进程
进程
业务线卡
风扇
电源
电源
进程业务
线卡
风扇
Fan
Power High Integration
ServiceBoard
Switch Board
High Integration
Green EPC Making Greener Earth
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-49
Broadband Access
Broadband Access
InternetInternet
IdentifyIdentify AnalyzeAnalyze ControlControl ReportReport
Intelligence: Easy Traffic Control and Management for Mobile Data
Access ControlAccess Control
Bandwidth ManagementBandwidth
Management
Content-based charging
Content-based charging
Routing Management
Routing Management
Security Management
Security Management
Subscriber Service Analysis-UBAS
Subscriber Service Analysis-UBAS
Subscriber Behavior Awareness
Subscriber Behavior Awareness
Service Awareness
Service Awareness
disorder, disorder, unknown, unknown, uncontrollable uncontrollable traffic flow traffic flow
manageable, manageable, visible and visible and profit-driven profit-driven traffic flowtraffic flow
P2P UploadP2P UploadP2P DownloadP2P Download
VoIPVoIPWebTVWebTVVideo ConferencingVideo Conferencing
GamingGamingemailemail
Each bit generates profit for operators
DPI UBASUBASUBASUBAS PCCPCC
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-50
ETCA Platform for ZTE RCP Products
ZIMS Series Products
CSCF
MSCS
HSS/AAA/SPR
RCP(RACS/PCC )
uMAC
ETCA Platform
Advantage
ETCA Platform
Advantage
Open and standard architecture: Comply with PICMG3.0 R2.0 and IPMI 1.5 Good expansibility: Support performance expansion, memory expansion and I/O
expansion High availability: Redundancy mechanism, fault tolerance function and trouble
management function Efficiency, lower TCO: Energy saving, highly integrated design, board reuse, protect
investment Easy maintenance: IPMI intelligent management platform, which provide equipment
management, resource sharing, remote maintenance, system information backup,
software online upgrade
ETCA is the new generation unified all IP
platform that designed for ZTE control
and service layer products.
ETCA is based on ATCA architecture, which fully meet the operators requirement of high performance, good reliability and expansibility.
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-51
Special policy control equipment (ZXUN RCP) is introduced to guarantee IMS service QoS
Deployed in IMS System—Service QoS Policy Control
SDF-filter
QoS-Class-Identifier
Max-Requested-Bandwidth-UL
Max-Requested-Bandwidth-DL
Guaranteed-Bitrate-UL
Guaranteed-Bitrate-DL
Bearer-Identifier
Allocation-Retention-Priority
Resource
Authorization Request
Service Resource
QoS Control
AF-application-identifier
Service-info-status
Reservation-priority
Media-Type
Max-request-bandwidth-UL
Max-request-bandwidth-DL
Mobile access
Bear plane SR
Fixed access
Resource control plane
Session control plane
SIP S
IP
SIPAS
ZXUN RCP
CSCF
PS-GW
BRAS
Rx
Gx(x)
Gq’
Ia Re
C-BGF
P-CSCF P-CSCF
ZXUN RCP
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-52
SDF-filter
Service-Identifier
Rating-Group
Reporting-Level
Online
Offline
Metering-Method
AF-Charging-Identifier
AF-application-identifier
Service-info-status
AF-Charging-Identifier
OCS/OFCS
PS Core
AF
SPR
Conditions Actions
IMS +Video Conf Online + Volume….
IMS + VoIP …. Online + Duration….
IMS + MMS…. Offline + Event….
…… ……
PS-GW
ZXUN RCP
Internet
Charging correlation for both control plane and media plane to avoid repeated charging Service flow based charging, which ensures more flexible and accurate charging.
Deployed in IMS System—Charging Correlation and Charging Rules Control
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-53
BRASBGF
IP NAPT
(IP_termination)
AF-application-identifier
Service-info-status
Media‑Component
‑Description
Reservation-priority
Binding‑Information AF
CLF ZXUN RCP
DSLAM
NAT Mapping Relation
10.0.1.1/2001 <-> 202.93.2.1/4400
10.0.1.2/2002 <-> 202.93.3.1/4301
10.0.1.0/24 202.93.0.0/16
Private network Public network
Internet
Network topology hiding, enhance network security; Solve public/private network interconnection problem;
Deployed in IMS System—NAT Control
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-54
Internet
Video
Voice
Terminate Access Network
L2 Aggregation IP Service Edge
Service Networks
Bearing Control/Service ControlLayer
Bearing NetworkLayer
NMS/EMS
Policy SystemBOSS
DPI
DPI
DPIDPI
DPI
ZXUN RCP
SPR
Transform from pipe provider to service based subdivided operation Network resource utilization optimization
Service QoS and Charging Policy Control Interface
Deployed in Fixed/Wireless Broadband Data Network—DPI Based Service Differential Control
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-55
ZXUN SPR
ZXUN RCP
OCSOFCS
PS Core
GGSN
CE/PE PE
PCC domain
Video conference
VoIP/Centrex
OA
IM
meeting
AF
Music download
TVstock
web
Portal Server
Service domain (VAS)
• ZXUN RCP &ZXUN SPR were deployed on the existing PS network to implement the subdivided operation and management
• 3.5M subscribers supported• Include both prepaid and postpaid subscribers• Phase 1 was already commercially launched
• ZXUN RCP &ZXUN SPR were deployed on the existing PS network to implement the subdivided operation and management
• 3.5M subscribers supported• Include both prepaid and postpaid subscribers• Phase 1 was already commercially launched
ZXUN RCP Deployment in HK CSL
EPC Network Basic Principle
1-56
ZXUN SPR
ZXUN RCP
OCSOFCS
PS Core
GGSN
CE/PE PE
PCC domain
Video conference
VoIP/Centrex
OA
IM
meeting
AF
Music download
TVstock
web
Portal Server
Service domain (VAS)
• A database to store PS domain profile policies• Providing PCRF with subscriber profile policy information• Providing profile policy query• Providing profile policy notification• Providing dynamic-usage access and update• Providing operators with a service handling interface
• A database to store PS domain profile policies• Providing PCRF with subscriber profile policy information• Providing profile policy query• Providing profile policy notification• Providing dynamic-usage access and update• Providing operators with a service handling interface
ZXUN SPR Deployment in HK CSL