Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introductionfourmaux/ARes/AResC1v62_en_4.pdf · 1 Course...
Transcript of Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introductionfourmaux/ARes/AResC1v62_en_4.pdf · 1 Course...
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
Network Architecture (NetArch)1/5 : Introduction
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected])
Version 6.2
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
NetArch: Course 1/5 outline
1 Course presentationCourse objectivesPedagogical approachInstructional methodology
2 Administrative questionsScheduleEvaluation
3 Course introductionNetwork componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
Course objectivesPedagogical approachInstructional methodology
NetArch: Course 1/5 Outline
1 Course presentationCourse objectivesPedagogical approachInstructional methodology
2 Administrative questionsScheduleEvaluation
3 Course introductionNetwork componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Course introduction
Course objectivesPedagogical approachInstructional methodology
Reinforce your understanding of networking
Deepen and extend beyond a first course in networking
example: LI310 course from the UPMC Licence d’Informatique
prerequisites, both theoretical and technical:
the vocabularyintroduction to signal processingbasic protocol mechanismsclassical protocols (HDLC, X25, IP, routing, UDP, TCP)ISO layered model
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Understand fundamental technologies
Study the principal current network architecture and itsenvironment à TCP/IP and Internet
standardized applications (web, DNS, e-mail, . . . )
dynamic mechanisms (congestion control, . . . )
IPv4 adressing (CIDR, DHCP, NAT, tunnels, . . . )
advanced routing (AS hierarchy, OSPF, BGP, . . . )
media architectures (Ethernet, point-to-point links, . . . )
local loop (CATV, ADSL, FTTH, . . . )
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Basis for further courses in networking
Prerequisite for advanced networking courses
In M1-S2: for required courses for students in the networkingspeciality, and for elective courses for other students
IPv6, multicast, QoS, security à U.E. INGmobility, autonomous, wireless à U.E. MOB
In M2: for students in the networking speciality (eitherindustry or research)
multimedia applications à U.E. APMMmultimedia transmission over IP à U.E. MMIPmultimedia and quality of service à U.E. MMQoSrouting and routers à U.E. ROUTnetwork security à U.E. SECURmobile services à U.E. SMOBnetwork supervision à U.E. SUPERVnetwork trafic and control à U.E. TCONT . . .
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Course content
Top down approach:
Part 1/5 Introduction
Part 2/5 Application: Telnet, FTP, SMTP, HTTP,... DNS, SNMP, peer-to-peer.
Part 3/5 Transport: services, UDP and TCP examples,... congestion control.
Part 4/5 Network: IPv4, CIDR adressing, NAT...... hierarchical routing, OSPF and BGP.
Part 5/5 Link: Switched Ethernet,... point-to-point, local loop.
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Labs
Four-hour labs consisting of written exerices (TDs) and practicalones (TMEs):
interlacing of theoretical and practical aspects
illustrated by concrete examples on a networking testbedusing real hardware:
Internet
via ARI
Salle M2-RES de 2003 à 2009
CommutateurX 16
Internet
via ARI
Salle M2-RES depuis 2009
X 16
PC 1U "serveur"
ctrl console ctrl alim.
PC 1U "sonde"
Routeur
PC 1U "client"
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Lab schedule (tentative)
week content lab
1 Introduction to the networking testbed n°12 Applications (1): Telnet, FTP, and web analysis n°23 Applications (2): SMTP, DNS, and SNMP analysis n°34 Transport (1): analysis of mechanisms n°45 Review/completion of previous weeks’ labs
6 Transport (2): congestion control n°57 Network (1): IP/ICMP (begin) n°68 Network (2): IP/ICMP (end) n°69 Network (3): routing n°7
10 Review/completion of previous weeks’ labs
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Course organization
13 weeks, within which. . .
Lectures: 10 × 2 hrs.
O. Fourmaux, T. Friedman
Labs: 10 × 4 hrs.
T. Bourgeau, O. Fourmaux, T. Friedman, R.Hu, K. Thai
Course website:
Information and updates:http://www-rp.lip6.fr/~fourmaux/index-cours.html
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Networking testbed for the labs
The testbed hardware rack, located in theM2-RES computer lab, room 31-208
Each pair of students has access to:
a classical ARI host machine
dedicated hardware for configuringnetworks, and capturing and analyzingtraffic:
1 Cisco switch1 Cisco router3 VMs in on 1U rackable server
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Supporting traces and documents
Network traffic traces, on which to test your knowledge
generated on the networking testbed during the labsgenerated by the students (on the testbed or elsewhere)pre-recorded (to use in case the testbed is down, or you wishto work elsewhere), available here:http://www-rp.lip6.fr/~fourmaux/Traces/labV6.html
Documents available on the course website:
course slideslab handouts (including optional exercises)past exams
Textbooks
available in the Math/Info libraries
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Bibliography
James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross
Computer Networking: A Top-down Approach Featuringthe Internet, 6th edition (Pearson, 2013)
Andrew S. Tanenbaum, David J. Wetherall
Computer Networks, 5th edition (Prentice Hall, 2011)
Douglas Comer
Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol 1: Principles, Protocolsand Architectures, 5th edition (Prentice Hall, 2006)
Olivier Bonaventure
Computer Networking: Principles, Protocols andPractice, http://inl.info.ucl.ac.be/CNP3
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
ScheduleEvaluation
NetArch: Course 1/5 outline
1 Course presentationCourse objectivesPedagogical approachInstructional methodology
2 Administrative questionsScheduleEvaluation
3 Course introductionNetwork componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
ScheduleEvaluation
Tentative schedule for 2012-2013
dates lecture lab comments
19-25/9 1 –
26/9-2/10 2 1
3-9/10 3 2
10-16/10 4 3
17-23/10 5 4
24-30/10 6 5
5-9/11 – – midterm exam
31/10 + 12-16/11 7 6
19-23/11 8 7
26-30/11 9 8
3-7/12 10 9
10-14/12 – 10
7-11/1 – – final exam
13-17/5 – – makeup exam
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Weekly schedule
U.E. ARES : Emploi du temps du 19/09/2012 au 21/12/2012
Lundi Mardi Mercredi Jeudi Vendredi08:30
08:4509:0009:1509:3009:4510:0010:15
10:3010:45
11:0011:1511:3011:4512:0012:1512:30
12:4513:00
13:1513:30
13:4514:0014:1514:3014:4515:0015:1515:30
15:4516:00
16:1516:3016:4517:0017:1517:3017:45
18:00Attention, les cours de toutes les UE commencent le mercredi 19/09/12 et les TD/TME le mercredi 26/09/12
ARESréservéITIN 131-208
ARESréservéITIN 131-208
Cours ARESAmphi 41A
ARESréservé ITIN 231-208
ARESréservéITIN 231-208
ARESTME 231-208
Cours ARESen anglais
ARESTME 331-208
ARESTME 331-208
ARESréservé
AFTI31-208
ARESréservé
AFTI31-208
ARESTME 231-208
ARESTME 131-208
ARESTME 131-208
ARESTME 131-208
ARESTME 4 en anglais
31-208
ARESTME 4 en anglais
31-208
ARESTME 4 en anglais
31-208
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Exam details
Three exams:
Midterm exam (application and transport layers only)
Final exam (the whole course)
Makeup (the whole course)
Exam rules
no electronic equipment (mobile phone, calculator, etc.)
no documents except one handwritten A4 page
Definition
handwritten: entirely written by hand (no photocopies)
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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ScheduleEvaluation
Calculating the grade for the course
1st session: midterm and final exams
NARES1 = 0.4Nmidterm + 0.6Nfinal
Note: If you pass the course in the first session (NARES1 > 50),you may not take the makeup exam.
2nd session: makeup (you didn’t pass the course in the 1st
session)
If your grade is officially compensated for by passing grades inother courses: by default, you keep your grade NARES1 < 50
You may sit the makeup exam iff you explicitly sign up to doso with the RES secretariat
If your grade is not compensated for, you must take themakeup exam (if you do not, NARES2 = 0)
NARES2 = Nmakeup
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Course introduction
ScheduleEvaluation
Final grade adjustments
The week after the final exam (1st session) or the makeup exam(2nd session):
exams graded and a curve is applied
grades posted on DBUFR
students consult their graded exams
juries
course jury (determines passing or failing)Networking speciality jury (grade compensation)Masters program jury (final decision)
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
NetArch: Course 1/5 outline
1 Course presentationCourse objectivesPedagogical approachInstructional methodology
2 Administrative questionsScheduleEvaluation
3 Course introductionNetwork componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
The environment we discuss in this lecture
The Internet
omnipresent
heterogeneous
evolving
complex. . .
à difficult tocharacterize!
Let’s look at anexample:
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Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Internet components
What are the basic elements of the Internet?
communications links
routers (packet forwarding)
hosts (end systems):
Unix workstationsclassical PCsmobile phonesan Internet toaster. . .
networked applications
communication protocols. . .
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Protocols: analogy
Temps
Bonjour
Où est la gare ?
Demande d’ouverture
de connexion TCP
... ...
Bonjour établissement de la connexion
Deuxième rue à gauche Envoi de la page d’accueil
GET http://www.upmc.fr
Réponse positive et
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Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Protocol: definition
Definition
Protocol: protocols define format, order of messages sent andreceived among network entities, and actions taken upon messagetransmission and receipt.
Remarkany interaction between entities over the Internet isbased on protocols
this course focuses mainly on protocols
Examples
web requestresolving name queries into IP addressesroute computationcongestion control. . .
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Application services
Internet users use distributed applications:
World Wide Web
electronic mail
peer-to-peer file sharing
distributed games
audio and video streaming
real-time audio and video. . .
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Network services
Applications are based on two types of services:
connectionless
analogy with the postal service
connection oriented
analogy with telephone service
and have correspondingly different characteristics:
reliability
ordering
flow control
congestion control. . .
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Quality of service
Qualite de Service (QoS) in the Internet
The Internet offers a best effort service
no guarantees; the main concern is connectivity!how many end-systems?
many of the 1.5109 PCs + 1.5109 smartphones. . .2.5109 users active in 2012Internet traffic >>> telephone traffic
multimedia applications must adapt to the uncertainconditions. . .
à U.E. ING (M1-S2)
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Internet standardisation
IESGIRSG
IETF
IRTF
ISOC
Working Areas Working Groups
Working Groups
... ...
... ... ...ISOC : Internet SOCiety
IAB : Internet Architecture Board
IRSG : Internet Research Steering Group
IRTF : Internet Research Task Force
IESG : Internet Engineering Steering Group
IETF : Internet Engineering Task Force
IAB
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) working groups
over 6000 RFCs (Requests For Comments)
mostly de facto rather than de jure standards
IP, TCP, SMTP, SNMP, HTTP...http://www.rfc-editor.org/
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Some websites
ISOC (Internet SOCiety), http://www.isoc.org/
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force),http://www.ietf.org/
IAB (Internet Architecture Board), http://www.iab.org/
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), http://www.w3.org/
ACM SIGCOMM (Association for Computing Machinery –Special Interest Group in Data Communication),http://www.sigcomm.org/
IEEE Communications Society, http://www.comsoc.org/
IEEE Computer Society, http://www.computer.org/
http://www-npa.lip6.fr/~fourmaux
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
NetArch: Course 1/5 Outline
1 Course presentationCourse objectivesPedagogical approachInstructional methodology
2 Administrative questionsScheduleEvaluation
3 Course introductionNetwork componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Network edge
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Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Network edge (abstraction)
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Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Distributed applications
client/server model
Client process
Request
Reply
Server process
Client machine Server machine
Network
the client sends requests
receives service from an always-on server
webe-mailDNS. . .
peer-to-peer model
minimal use of dedicated servers
symmetrical communication
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Application protocols
Heterogeneous environment à standardised interactions
web: HTTP, HTML
e-mail: SMTP, MIME, POP, IMAP
remote access: Telnet, NVT
file transfer: FTP
directory: DNS
management: SNMP, MIB
à Part 2/5: Applications
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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End-to-end services
Types of service that the network offers to end-hosts:
connection oriented service
reliabilityorderingflow controlcongestion control. . .
TCP
connectionless service
simplebasis for other protocols
UDP
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Impact of end-to-end control
What is the shape of traffic generated by TCP?
tcptahoe.seq
tcptahoe.cwnd
seq (Ko) / cwin (Ko/10)
t0.0000
100.0000
200.0000
300.0000
400.0000
500.0000
600.0000
700.0000
800.0000
0.0000 2.0000 4.0000 6.0000 8.0000 (s)
à Part 3/5: Transport
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Inside the network
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Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Communication links
Physical media
media with waveguide
twisted pair (UTP5+, UTP6,. . . )coaxial cables (baseband, broadband,. . . )optical fibers (multimode, monomode,. . . )
media without waveguide
satellite links (geostationary, constellation, . . . )terrestrial links (radio-waves, micro-waves, infrared,optical,. . . )
Access technology
shared medium
framing
Intermediate elements. . .
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Data forwarding
Circuit switching or packet switching?
(a)
(b)
Switching office
Physical copper connection set up when call is made
Packets queued up for subsequent transmission
Computer
Computer
pictures from Tanenbaum A. S. Computer Networks 3rd edition
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Virtual circuit transmission
21
32
3
(b)
1
3
(a)
(c)
(d)
2 1
32
1
pictures from Stallings W. High Speed Networks
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Message transmission
(b)
(a)
(c)
(d)
pictures from Stallings W. High Speed Networks
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Datagram transmission
21
3 2 1
3
(c)
3
1
2
(b)
(a)
(d)
2 1
3
pictures from Stallings W. High Speed Networks
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Comparing the three types of transmission
Data
Pkt 1
Pkt 2
Pkt 3
Pkt 1
Pkt 2
Pkt 3
Pkt 1
Pkt 2
Pkt 3
A B C D
Msg
Msg
Msg
A B C DA B C D
Propagation delay
Queuing delay
Call request signal
Time spent
hunting for an
outgoing trunk
Call accept signal
AB trunk
BC trunk
CD trunk
(a) (b) (c)
Tim
e
pictures from Tanenbaum A. S. Computer Networks 3rd edition
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Delay recap
Types of delays in packet switching:
nodal processing delay
uncompressible (Dn)
queuing delay
depends on congestion (Dq = 0 if no congestion)
transmission delay
depends on the size of the packet (Dt = L/R)
propagation delay
v = 2.108m/s to 3.108m/s (Dp = d/v)
Formula for end-to-end delay?
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Internet addressing
Packets travel from source to destination hop-by-hop, with anaddress-based forwarding decision made at each intermediate node(router).
IPv4 protocol
universal
virtual addressing
abstracts out the lower layer technologieseach technology provides encapsulationfragmentationaddress conversion
Protocols have evolved to adapt to the present network
classless addressing: CIDRaddress translation: NATauto-configuration: DHCPfiltering. . .Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Routing mechanisms
When and how to determine the route taken by data?
the type of path followed depends upon the type of network:initially
circuit switchingvirtual circuits
for each packet
datagram
calculating the information
routing algorithmsrouting tables
local or centralizedstatic or dynamic
information exchange
routing protocols. . .
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Routing in the Internet
Datagram network
routing of each packet
Hierarchical structure of the network (ASes)
internal routing: OSPF
external routing: BGP
à Part 4/5: Network
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Network core
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Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Ethernet technology
VLAN 2
VLAN 1
VLAN 1
VLAN 3
VLAN 3
VLAN 1
VLAN 1
VLAN 1
100 Mbps 100 Mbps
100 Mbps
1 Gbps
1 Gbps
1 Gbps
1 Gbps
10 Gbps
10 Gbps10 Gbps
10 Gbps
1 Gbps
VLAN 1VLAN 2VLAN 3
SwitchEthernet
SwitchEthernet
SwitchEthernet
SwitchEthernet
SwitchEthernet
CiscoSystems Cisco 7000 SERIES
LAN evolution towards the WAN with Fast Ethernet, GigabitEthernet, 10Gigabit Ethernet and 100Gigabit Ethernet.Integrating switching and structuring through VLANs. . .à Part 5/5 (1): Ethernet
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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MPLS technology
SwitchEthernet
CiscoSystems Cisco 7000 SERIES
CiscoSystems Cisco 7000 SERIES
CiscoSystems Cisco 7000 SERIES
CiscoSystems Cisco 7000 SERIES
Integrating switching mechanisms at the network level (ATM,MPLS,. . . ).à U.E. RTEL (M1-S1)
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Point-to-point technology
TCP/IP connectionusing PPP
PPP only for old serial connections?
PPP over SONET: POS
PPP over Ethernet: PPPoE
PPP over ATM: PPPoA
PPP over IP: L2TP . . .
à Part 5/5 (2): Point-to-point
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Access networks
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Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Entreprise networks
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Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Wireless
...
Depending upon the degree of mobility:
micro-mobility
Bluetooth/WPAN (IEEE 802.15)
wireless local network
Wi-Fi/WLAN (IEEE 802.11)
wireless local network
BLR/WMAN (IEEE 802.16)
mobile phone
GSM, GPRS, i-mode,. . .UMTS
à U.E. MOB (M1-S2)
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
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Wired
Copper twisted pair
Switch
Switching office
High-bandwidth fiber trunk
Junction box
(a)
(b)
House
High-bandwidth fiber trunk
Copper cable TV wire
House
Junction box
Fiber
Fiber
Residential (PSTN/ADSL, cable, optical fiber,. . . )à Part 5/5 (3): Local loop
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
NetArch: Course 1/5 outline
1 Course presentationCourse objectivesPedagogical approachInstructional methodology
2 Administrative questionsScheduleEvaluation
3 Course introductionNetwork componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Protocols, layers, and interfaces
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1
Host 1
Layer 4/5 interface
Layer 3/4 interface
Layer 2/3 interface
Layer 1/2 interface
Layer 5 protocolLayer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1
Host 2
Layer 4 protocol
Layer 3 protocol
Layer 2 protocol
Layer 1 protocol
Physical medium
picture from Tanenbaum A. S. Computer Networks 3rd edition
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Anthropological analogy
I like rabbits
Location A
3
2
1
3
2
1
Location B
Message Philosopher
Translator
Secretary
Information for the remote translator
Information for the remote secretary
L: Dutch Ik hou van konijnen
Fax #--- L: Dutch Ik hou van konijnen
J'aime les
lapins
L: Dutch Ik hou van konijnen
Fax #--- L: Dutch Ik hou van konijnen
picture from Tanenbaum A. S. Computer Networks 3rd edition
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Repeated encapsulation
H2 H3 H4 M1 T2 H2 H3 M2 T2 H2 H3 H4 M1 T2 H2 H3 M2 T2
H3 H4 M1 H3 M2 H3 H4 M1 H3 M2
H4 M H4 M
M M
Layer 2 protocol
2
Layer 3 protocol
Layer 4 protocol
Layer 5 protocol
3
4
5
1
Layer
Source machine Destination machine
picture from Tanenbaum A. S. Computer Networks 3rd edition
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
OSI (Open Systems Intercon. Reference Model – 1983)
Layer
Presentation
Application
Session
Transport
Network
Data link
Physical
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Interface
Interface
Host A
Name of unit exchanged
APDU
PPDU
SPDU
TPDU
Packet
Frame
Bit
Presentation
Application
Session
Transport
Network
Data link
Physical
Host B
Network Network
Data link Data link
Physical Physical
Router Router
Internal subnet protocol
Application protocol
Presentation protocol
Transport protocol
Session protocol
Communication subnet boundary
Network layer host-router protocol
Data link layer host-router protocolPhysical layer host-router protocol
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
TCP/IP reference model (1974)
TCP/IPOSI
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data link
Physical
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Application
Transport
Internet
Host-to-network
Not present in the model
picture from Tanenbaum A. S. Computer Networks 3rd edition
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
TCP/IP: comparison
Firmware
Software
OperatingSystem
UserSpace
Hardware
Physical
NetworkAccess
Internet
Application
Transport(host−to−host)
TCP/IP
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
OSI
these pictures and to the end are from Stallings W. High Speed Networks
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
NetArch: Course 1/5 outline
1 Course presentationCourse objectivesPedagogical approachInstructional methodology
2 Administrative questionsScheduleEvaluation
3 Course introductionNetwork componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
TCP/IP: example
Server
FrameRelay
Network
Router
IEEE 802 LAN
Workstation
Physical
MAC
LLC
IP
Physical
MAC
LLC
IP
Physical
FrameRelay
FrameRelay
TCP
Application
Physical
IP
TCP
Application
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
TCP/IP: concept
Router J
TCP
IP
Physical Physical
IP
NAP 1 NAP 2
Network AccessProtocol #1
Host A
App XApp Y
TCP
IP
Network AccessProtocol #2
Host B
App YApp X
Network 1 Network 2
Global networkaddress
Subnetwork attachmentpoint address
Logical connection(e.g., virtual circuit)
Logical connection(TCP connection)
Port orservice access point (SAP)
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
TCP/IP: sender actions
DataTI
DataT
Data
Physical
IP
TCP
Application
FrameRelay
DataTIF F
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
TCP/IP: router actions
DataTIL
Physical
MACDataTILM MDataTIF F
LLC
FrameRelay
DataTI
IP
Physical
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction
Course presentationAdministrative questions
Course introduction
Network componentsProtocol hierarchyTCP/IP example
TCP/IP: receiver actions
DataTIL
Physical
LLC
IP
TCP
MAC
Data
Application
DataTI
DataT
DataTILM M
Olivier Fourmaux ([email protected]) Network Architecture (NetArch) 1/5 : Introduction