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NET 535 : NEW TECHNOLOGIES DR.HANAA ABDALAZIZ ABDALLAH 1

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Fiber Optic Technology

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Contents : Introduction Construction Principle Working Classifications Application Advantages Disadvantages

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Introduction: We hear about fiber-optic cables whenever people talk about the telephone system, the cable TV system or the Internet.telephone systemcable TV system We are increasing ability to transmit more information, more quickly and over longer distances. An optical fiber (or fiber) is a glass or plastic fiber that carries light along its length

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What are Fiber Optics? Fiber optics (optical fibers) are long, thin of very pure glass about the diameter of a human hair. They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and used to transmit light signals over long distances.

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Construction: Optical Fiber consists of 3 regions 1.Core thin glass center of the fiber where light travels. 2.Cladding outer optical material surrounding the core 3.Buffer Coating plastic coating that protects the fiber, and make it strong.

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Principle: The principle behind the transmission of the light waves in an Optical Fiber is Total Internal Reflection The angle of refraction at the interface between two media is governed by Snells law:

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Angle of incidence < critical angle Angle of incidence = critical angle Angle of incidence > critical angle Refraction, Critical angle, Total internal reflection

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Working: When light traveling in a dense medium hits a boundary at a steep angle (larger than the "critical angle for the boundary), the light will be completely reflected. This phenomenon is called total internal reflection. Total internal reflection occurs when light enters from higher refractive index to lower refractive index material,

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n 2 cladding n 1 core Acceptance Cone -If the angle too large light will be lost in cladding - If the angle is small enough the light reflects into core and propagates aa Acceptance Cone

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n 2 cladding n 1 core Acceptance Cone Acceptance angle, a, is the maximum angle in which external light rays may strike the air/Fiber interface and still propagate down the Fiber with