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NES
EFFICACY IN CONTROLING POWDERY MILDEW & MITES
SUMMERY OF FIELD TESTS IN APPLES
BY Dr. Hadass Cohen
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Control of Powdery Mildew of Apples, Podosphaera leucotricha,
by Nes
infested non- infested
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Crop: AppleVariety: GalaxyLocation: Golan Heights, Nisanov’s orchardsApplication of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayerDate of Applications: 19/05/05; 26/05/05Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0.04%, S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca.3. Nes – 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante-
México.
Field Trial I - Northern Israel Materials & Methods
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Design of Experiment: randomized blocks, 3 treatments X 4 blocks, 4 trees per block.
Monitoring Method: Five shoots with fresh leave, 20 cm long (7-9 leaves each), were randomly chosen within each block, from trees located in the center. Mildew infestation was evaluated in two different methods: 1) Presence of disease on leaves. Percentage of infested leaves out of total sample, was calculated for each treatment. 2) Degree of disease was determined according to a scale of mildew cover per leaf, as follow: 0.=clean; 1.=0.5-2% ; 2.= 2-10% ; 3.=10-30%; 4. =30%-50% ; 5.>50%. Average degree
Materials & Methods - for all field trials
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Statistics:
Data were analyzed by multifactorial analysis of variance,
followed by pairwise comparisons with the SNK test.Data were transformed to square root (x+1) to stabilize their variance.A significant level of 0.05 was used for all statistical
test .The Sigma Stat software was used for all statistical
analysis.
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
19/05/05 26/05/05 02/06/05
% infested leaves
control
Hexaconazole0.04%Nes 2%
ab
a
b
b
a
b
Field Trial I – Fig. 1
Application IApplication II
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-0.50
0.51
1.52
2.53
3.54
4.55
19/05/05 26/05/05 02/06/05
control
Hexaconazole0.04%Nes 2%
Rate of infestation
a
b
b
b
b
Field Trial I – Fig. 1I
a
aaa
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Field Trial II - Northern Israel
Crop: AppleVariety: Golden DeliciousLocation: Golan Heights, Edri’s orchardsApplication of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayerDate of Applications: 29/05/05; 07/06/05Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0.04%, S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca.3. Nes – 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante
México.
Materials & Methods
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0
20
40
60
80
100
19/05/05 26/05/05 02/06/05
%infestation
controlHexaconazole 0.04%Nes 2%
Application I
Application II
aa a
b
b b
b
Field Trial II – Fig. I
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00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
19/05/05 26/05/05 02/06/05
rate of infestation
control
Hexaconazole 0.04%
Nes 2%
aa
a
a
a
bb
b
b
Field Trial II – Fig. II
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Field Trial III - Northern Israel
Crop: GalaxyVariety: Golden DeliciousLocation: Golan Heights, Nisanov’s orchardsApplication of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayerDate of Applications: 21/09/05; 31/09/05Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0.04%, S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca.3. Nes – 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante-
México.
Materials & Methods
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05
10
1520
control Hexaconazole0.04%
Nes 2%
preliminary infestation - 21/09/05
10 days since last treatment - 11/10/05
a
a a
bb
a
%infested leaves
Field Trial III – Northern Israel
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Powdery Mildew of ApplesConclusions
In field trials presented above Nes appears as a most efficient fungicide, in controlling apple powdery mildew.
Nes performs the lowest rate of infestation, consistently, throughout all trials, when compared with the commercial treatment.
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Control of Two Spotted Mite,Tetranychus urticae
by NES, in Apple Orchards
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Crop: AppleVariety: StarkingLocation: Golan Heights, Kibutz El-RomApplication of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayerDate of Applications: 29/05/05; 05/06/05Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0.04%, S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca.3. Nes – 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante-
México.
Field Trial I - Northern Israel Materials & Methods
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Design of Experiment: randomized blocks, 3 treatments X 4 blocks, 4 trees per block.
Monitoring Method:
10 leaves were randomly chosen and checked for presence of live yellow mites of all stages. Average umber of mites was calculated for each treatment. Checks took place prior to both spray applications 7-21days later, depending upon presence of natural enemies.
Materials & Methods - for all field trials
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Field Trial I – Fig. 1
0
5
10
15
20
control Cyhexatine0.06%
Nes 2%
29/05/05
05/06/05
12/06/05
a
a
aa a
b bb
b
no. mites per leaf
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Crop: AppleVariety: Golden DeliciousLocation: Golan Heights, Edri’s orchardsApplication of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayerDate of Applications: 19/06/05; 26/06/05Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0.04%, S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca.3. Nes – 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante-
México.
Field Trial II & III - Northern Israel Materials & Methods
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Field Trial II – Fig. 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
control Cyhexatine0.06%
Nes 2%
19/06/05
26/07/05
07/07/05
14/07/05
a
bb
a
a
a
aa
bb b b
no. mites per leaf.
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0
5
10
15
20
25
control Cyhexatine0.06%
Nes 2%
19/06/05
26/07/05
07/07/05
14/07/05
a
bb
aa
a
a
a
b b b
no. mites per leaf.
Field Trial III – Fig. 1
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Crop: AppleVariety: Golden DeliciousLocation: Golan Heights, EL-Rom orchardsApplication of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayerDate of Application: 31/07/05Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0.04%, S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca.3. Nes – 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante-
México.
Field Trial IV- Northern Israel Materials & Methods
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
control Cyhexatine0.06%
Nes 2%
31/07/05
07/08/05
14/08/05
21/08/05a
aaa
a
a
bb b b
b
no. mites per leaf.
Field Trial IV – Fig. 1
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Yellow Mites in ApplesConclusions
Nes appears as an effective acaricide, in suppressing yellow mite populations in apples, as presented in results above.
Throughout all trials, Nes appears as a friendly pesticide towards natural enemies, mainly Stethorus gilvifrons (Coccinellidae), predator beetle of mites .
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The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Agricultural Dept Rehovot, Israel Ph.D
Conducted by: Dr. Hadass Cohen
29 January 2006