Nerve and Muscle Dr. Loay Abu Dalu .MD, MSc (UK)
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Transcript of Nerve and Muscle Dr. Loay Abu Dalu .MD, MSc (UK)
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Nerve and Muscle Dr. Loay Abu Dalu .MD, MSc (UK)
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Key pointsAction potential
Simple Muscle Twitch
Summation
Tetanization
Effect of temperature on S.M.T
Muscle fatigue
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Resting membrane state , it’s the state in which there is no stimulus.The charges in side the cells is negative in comparing with outside the cell
Resting membrane potential
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Action Potential
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Simple Muscle Twitch
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Summation of
Muscle Definition of summation :
• It means the adding together of individual twitch contractions to increase the intensity of overall contraction.
• Because the contractile mechanism has no refractory period,
• repeated stimulation (i.e. increase the frequency) before relaxation can produce additional activation of the contractile elements and a response will be added to that already present, this is called "summation of contraction".
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Types of Summation
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Clinical value Widespread and long lasting pain are characteristics of many chronic pain syndromes. This suggests that both spatial and temporal summations are important in chronic pain conditions.
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• Frequency summation and tetanization, with rapid repeated stimulation,
• activation of the contractile mechanism occurs repeatedly before any relaxation occurs and the response fuses into one continuous contraction and the whole contraction appears to be smooth called Tetanus
• During tetanus the tension developed is 4 times than the individual contraction
Tetanization
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Types of Tetanus:
Unfused Tetanus:at a low stimulus frequency, the
force at the plateau
oscillates
Fused Tetanus: at high stimulus
frequencies, the force plateau is
smooth
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Tetanization
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Effect of Temperature on Simple Muscle Twitch
• When warm ringer solution is applied to the muscle nerve preparation and a simple muscle twitch is recorded then we notice that
• All the durations are shortened (latent period, contraction period,& relaxation period).
• The height of contraction has increased.
Hot Temperature
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• When cold ringer solution is applied to the muscle nerve preparation and a simple muscle twitch is recorded then we notice that
• All the durations are prolonged (latent period, contraction period,and relaxation period).
• The height of contraction has decreased.
Cold Temperature
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Time
Em
Effect of Temperature on Simple Muscle Twitch
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Muscle Fatigue
• A fatigue curve is obtained when the nerve muscle preparation is stimulated repeatedly till a fatigue curve is obtained.
• A fatigue curve has a prolonged refractory period, low height of contraction no point of
• complete relaxation (contracture remainder).
• Fatigue is a reversible phenomenon.
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