NERA: Network of European Research Infrastructures for Earthquake Risk Assessment and Mitigation ...

Work Package 7Development of a European Building

Stock Inventory

NERA Third Year Meeting, 11th -12th Nov 2013

Capacity/Fragility:Building class

(damaged)

Urban scaletime-independent

risk assessment

Single buildingtime- dependent risk assessment

Urban scaletime-dependent risk assessment

Single buildingtime-independent

risk assessmentCapacity/Fragility: Individual building

Capacity/Fragility:Building class

Capacity/Fragility: Individual building

(damaged)

Exposure: Individual building

&Buildingclasses

Time-independent

hazard

Time-dependent

hazard

Building Taxonomy & Data concept

Fragility Manager

NA9Web app to capture building data

NA6-JRA5Update structural models and fragility functions based on field testing

NA7European inventory

EQvis

OpenQuake

Engine

Tool

Database

Capacity of damaged buildings

JRA4 NA6-JRA5Update structural models and fragility functions based on field testing

SP-BELAJRA4

• Develop a European Building Database with the four levels of resolution:

• Provide European input to the Global Exposure Database of the Global Earthquake Model (GEM).

Key Objectives

What have we done?

In the first 3 years we have:

• Identified large number of building inventory experts in Europe.• Organised two workshops with aforementioned experts.• Identified and collected data from national census and local

building surveys.• Developed algorithms for estimating building count and area from

proxy data.• Interacted with the Global Exposure Database to design the level

0/1/2/3 exposure data models (to which the NERA data will be added) and templates and tools for collecting and uploading data.

• Produced Level 0/1 data for Europe.• Developed and trialled methods for testing regional exposure data

using test bed data.

Workshops

• 23rd-24th May 2011 NERA/GEM Building Inventory Workshop

• 19th April 2012 Building Inventory Validation Meeting

What data do we need for Level 0/1?

Various types of data are needed per administrative area for urban/rural areas:• Total number of buildings• List of common building typologies• Building fraction per building typology• Average floor area per building typology• Average replacement cost per metre square (ideally per building

typology)• Total number of dwellings• Average number of dwellings per building (per building typology)• Average number of people per dwelling• Dwelling fraction per building typology• Average dwelling floor area• Average floor area per capita

What data do we need for Level 0/1?

Various types of data are needed per administrative area for urban/rural areas:• Total number of buildings• List of common building typologies• Building fraction per building typology• Average floor area per building typology• Average replacement cost per metre square (ideally per building

typology)• Total number of dwellings• Average number of dwellings per building (per building typology)• Average number of people per dwelling• Dwelling fraction per building typology• Average dwelling floor area• Average floor area per capita

Minimum requirements

Level 0/1 Database Schema

Various Levels of Resolution

Level 0 = Admin Level 0 Level 1 = Admin Level 1/2/3/4..

Number of buildings

National Census Data

Number of dwellings

National Census Data

Number of Buildings

Number of Dwellings

Average number of dwellings per

building

Average number of people

per building

Average number of people

per dwellingAlbania 598267 1012400 1.69 4.68 3.92Andorra 3641 2.44Austria 1764455 3757409 2.13 4.47 2.04Belarus 1630267 3893638 2.39 5.77 2.41Belgium 3681826 5179638 1.41 2.48 2.11Bosnia and Herzegovina 1055000 3.27Bulgaria 2060745 3887076 1.88 3.54 1.88Croatia 2257515 1.90Cyprus 431059 2.03 1.94Czech Republic 2115886 4756672 2.25 4.77 2.17Denmark 1534526 2748675 1.79 3.64 2.03Estonia 214831 648258 3.02 6.03 2.00Finland 1258095 2865568 2.28 4.24 1.86France 14916500 32951565 2.21 2.28Germany 18204355 39675564 2.18 4.49 2.06Greece 3071950 5465167 1.78 2.49 2.82Greenland 23112 2.43Hungary 2702183 4064653 1.59 3.88 2.43Iceland 130019 4.09Ireland 1994845 1.06 2.40 2.73Italy 11226595 29074722 2.59 5.08 2.05Kosovo 247680 412519 1.67 5.90Latvia 352087 1035126 2.81 6.14 2.09Liechtenstein 10383 15463 1.49 3.51 2.36Lithuania 511321 1280171 2.50 5.97 2.38Luxembourg 130091 169266 1.30 3.61 2.55Macedonia 446235 697529 1.56 4.55 3.69Malta 94399 192314 2.04 2.07Moldova 1315300 2.71Monaco 19045 1.63Montenegro 316083 1.98Netherlands 7268093 2.26Norway 1466389 2343010 1.60 3.36 2.10Poland 6006608 13495400 2.25 6.41 2.85Portugal 3518152 5877991 1.67 3.00 1.80Romania 5104662 8450942 1.66 3.73 2.25Serbia 3231931 2.20Slovakia 1192897 2240297 1.88 5.12 2.81Slovenia 504897 844656 1.67 4.00 3.01Spain 8623875 20946554 2.43 4.72 1.94Sweden 2054000 4524292 2.20 4.40 2.10Switzerland 1656864 4131342 2.49 4.80 1.93Turkey 6810635 16235830 2.38 9.94 4.18Ukraine 19327000 2.28United Kingdom 25462000 2.31

National Census Data-Region Facts

Gridded population datasets are available (e.g. LandScan; GRUMP; Gallego, 2010), and can be further calibrated using local, up-to-date population census collected for Europe.

Population Density Layer

Building Algorithms:i) Disaggregate building count using population grid OR obtain

building count from dwelling info (one of 5 methods depending on available info), and then disaggregate on grid using population grid

ii) Estimate built area (with one of 3 methods, depending on available info)

iii) Estimate replacement cost (from built area and average replacement cost per metre squared)

Building Density Layer

Building typologies described using GEM Building Taxonomy v2.0 (Brzev et al 2012):

Building/Dwelling Fractions

Need for Urban/Rural Distinction


Building/Dwelling fractions: percentages of dwellings/buildings per building typology in a specific administrative area (ideally divided by urban and rural)

Sources of building/dwelling fractions: • PAGER-STR, 2008• JRC IMPRO-Building Project, 2008• Census and Statistical data combined with available sources and expert opinion

We are also developing urban/rural building fractions for countries without good census data (e.g. Bosnia-Herzigovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia) using EU-Corine landuse data, Google Street view, satellite data, feedback from EAEE members

Dwelling fractions from PAGER-STR


Building fractions from JRC IMPRO-Building Project


Building/Dwelling fractions from Census and Statistical data combined with available sources and expert opinion:

Example. Cyprus-Level 0, dwelling fractions, sources: Census 2011 and various information


Example. Bulgaria-Level 0, building fractions, sources: Census 2011


Example. Bulgaria-Level 1, building fractions, sources: Census 2011


Work-in-progress. Bosnia: Aerial imagery, Google Street View


• Dwelling/building data for 45 European countries to allow a 30-arc second grid of building count and area to be estimated.

• Level 0 building/dwelling fractions for 45 European countries (building upon work from the PAGER project, JRC IMPRO-Building Project and Census data), to allow the above grid to be disaggregated between different building typologies (described with GEM building taxonomy v2.0).

• Level 1 building/dwelling fractions for 18 European countries (e.g. Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia, Turkey) using census data and other sources to define building typologies.

What do we have now for Level 0/1?

Level 2 Database Schema and Tools

Cyprus, Level 2 gridded data (EMME project)Portugal, Level 2 gridded data (Vitor Silva)

Level 2 Data

Level 3 Database Schema and Tools

GEM Android and Windows Direct Observation tools – data directly imported to level 3 database

Scripts to be produced to port available individual building data to level 3 database

Example. Visp, Switzerland (and possibly also Sion, Renens, Bulle, Prilly, Yverdon)

Level 3 Data

Fäh et al. (2012) “Coupled seismogenic geohazards in alpine regions <http://dx.doi.org/10.4430/bgta0048>“, Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, 53, December 2012.

We have also produced a methodology to validate the building inventory database to be developed for Europe.

Steps:• Obtain detailed building-by-building ground truth data collected

in previous projects.• Obtain at least 10 validation datasets or test-bed areas. • Propose metrics for testing the inventory data (e.g. Chi-squared

test on distributions, modal building type, damage estimations).• Apply to the PAGER global inventory database whilst the

European database is being developed.• Apply to the NERA inventory (level 0 and 1) as it is developed.

Testing Regional Inventory Data

• 8 countries, 10 Test Bed Areas (TBAs).

• Lisbon, Grenoble, Vienna, Val D’Agri villages (Marsicovetere, Villa d’Agri, Sarconi), Torre del Greco, Pylos, Thessaloniki, Bucharest, Zeytinburnu



Actual building fractions

PAGER building fractions

• D7.1) Identification of key players in European building inventory data collection: Task 7.1 [month 6]

• D7.2) State-of-the-art knowledge of building inventory data in Europe: Task 7.1 [month 12]

• D7.3) European building classification: Task 7.2 [month 24]

• D7.4) European building inventory database: Task 7.3 [month 30]

• D7.5) Census data collection and harmonisation for Europe: Task 7.4 [month 36]

• D7.6) Long-term sustainability plan for the building inventory database: Task 7.6 [month 48]

Deliverables

• D7.1) Identification of key players in European building inventory data collection: Task 7.1 [month 6] (v1)

• D7.2) State-of-the-art knowledge of building inventory data in Europe: Task 7.1 [month 12] (v1 and v2)

• D7.3) European building classification: Task 7.2 [month 24] (v1, v2, v3)

• D7.4) European building inventory database: Task 7.3 [month 30] (v1)

• D7.5) Census data collection and harmonisation for Europe: Task 7.4 [month 36] (v1 – still needs to be uploaded to website, v2 expected)

• D7.6) Long-term sustainability plan for the building inventory database: Task 7.6 [month 48]

Deliverables

Crowley, H., Ozcebe, S., Spence, R., Foulset-Piggott, R., Erdik, M., Alten, K. “Development of a European Building Inventory Database.” (2012) Proceedings of 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal.

Spence, R., Foulser-Piggott, R., Pomonis, A., Crowley, H., Guéguen P., Masi, A., Chiauzzi, L., Zuccaro, G., Cacace,F., Zulfikar, C., Markus, M., Schaefer, D., Sousa, M.L., Kappos, A.J. (2012) “The European building stock inventory: creating and validating a uniform database for earthquake risk modelling.” Proceedings of 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal.

Publications

• Produce maps of European Level 0 and Level 1 data currently inside the Global Exposure Database (EUCENTRE).

• Produce script for mapping data from building data collection tool of NA9 to level 3 schema (EUCENTRE/VCE)

• Continue to developing building fractions for countries with limited census data and update Deliverable 7.5 (CAR)

• Engage experts, in particular for reviewing building typologies per country and dwelling/building fractions (CAR, KOERI, AIT)

• Test the database using validation test cases and across datasets for countries where level 0/1/2/3 data is available (CAR)

• Review from wider community (final review workshop to be organised in 2014 – in conjunction with 15ECEE in Istanbul?) (KOERI?)

• Produce sustainability plan – Deliverable 7.6, likely to be achieved through a collaboration between GEM and EFEHR

Next Steps and Sustainability Plan

Thank you

• To increase the representation of European structural engineers within the activities of NERA (through workshops).

• To discuss the state-of-the-knowledge of buildings in Europe and to identify where gaps exist.

• To discuss and share opinions on various aspects related to developing a European Building Inventory Database: resolution aspects, required building attributes, methods for developing building inventories.

• To share the state of knowledge on the quality, composition and availability of data related to buildings in Europe.

• To review the activities of the Risk Global Components of the Global Earthquake Model and provide feedback, from a European context.

• To investigate methods for testing building inventory data.

Other Objectives

NERA: Network of European Research Infrastructures for Earthquake Risk Assessment and Mitigation ...

Technology

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