Nelson Mandela

Why the different people groups in the “Rainbow nation”?

•1652: Arrival of Dutch commander Jan van Riebeeck in 1652 at the Cape of Good Hope under instructions by the Dutch East India Company to build a fort and develop a vegetable garden for the benefit of ships on the Eastern trade route

The Coloureds

The Whites

The Blacks

The Asians

Apartied:Apartied: • Afrikaans for “racial Afrikaans for “racial

segregation “a former segregation “a former policy of segregation policy of segregation and political and and political and economic economic discrimination against discrimination against non-European groups non-European groups in the Republic of in the Republic of South Africa.”South Africa.”

Nelson “The Trouble Maker” Mandela• Born Rolihlahla Mandela on July

18, 1918 in Transkei, South Africa. • Nelson's father died when he was

nine, and the boy was adopted by a wealthy family and was prepared to assume high office and given chance of educaiton

• University of Witwatersrand to study law.

• He became actively involved in the anti-apartheid movement and joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1942.

The ANC and ANCYL

• African National Congress Youth League– Goal: “to transform

the ANC into a mass grassroots movement, deriving strength from millions of rural peasants and working people who had no voice under the current regime”

How many times can you turn the other cheek?

• For 20 years, Mandela directed a campaign of peaceful, non-violent defiance against the South African government and its racist policies

• In 1956, Mandela and 150 others were arrested and charged with treason for their political advocacy, though they were eventually acquitted.

• In 1961, Mandela, who was formerly committed to non-violent protest, began to believe that armed struggle was the only way to achieve change.

Umkhonto we Sizwe~MK~Mandela co-founded the

MK which means “spear of the nation” as an armed offshoot of the ANC dedicated to sabotage and guerilla war tactics to end apartheid.

From the Umkhonot we Sizwe Manafesto:

“In these actions, we are working in the best interests of all the people of this country - black, brown and white - whose future happiness and

well-being cannot be attained without the overthrow of the Nationalist government, the

abolition of white supremacy and the winning of liberty, democracy and full national rights and

equality for all the people of this country.”

Prison Time Begins• 1961:He orchestrated a

three-day national workers strike

• 1962:He was sentenced to five years in prison for the strike.

• 1963:brought to trial again,This time, he and 10 other ANC leaders were sentenced to life imprisonment for political offenses, including sabotage.

Robben Island & Pollsmoor Prison• From 1964 to 1982, he was incarcerated at From 1964 to 1982, he was incarcerated at

Robben Island Prison, off Cape Town; Robben Island Prison, off Cape Town; thereafter, he was at Pollsmoor Prison, nearby thereafter, he was at Pollsmoor Prison, nearby on the mainland.on the mainland.

• Even in prison his reputation grew through the Even in prison his reputation grew through the country as well as the world.country as well as the world.

• “He was widely accepted as the most significant black leader in South Africa and became a potent symbol of resistance as the anti-apartheid movement gathered strength.”

• ““He consistently refused to compromise his He consistently refused to compromise his political position to obtain his freedom.”political position to obtain his freedom.”

FREEDOM

•Frederik Willem de Klerk takes office and on February 11, 1990 Nelson Mendela is released after 27 years of prison

•Immediately following his release , Mandela was urging foreign powers not to reduce their pressure on the South African government for

constitutional reform, he was not going to see his goals be lost

Hello, Mr. President

•1991, at the first national conference of the ANC held inside South Africa after the organization had been banned in 1960, Mandela was elected President of the ANC

•1994: After much negotiation on April 27, 1994, South Africa held its first democratic elections.

•1994: At age 77 Nelson Mandela was inaugurated as South Africa’s country's first black president on May 10, 1994 with de Klerk as his first deputy.

Now what?

• He remains today deeply respected and revered internationally for his unwavering commitment in the fight for human rights, racial equality and social justice.

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