Nei Soccer Kusuda

6-1 2006 8 Asian and African Area Studies, 6 (1): 44-76, 2006

44

* Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto

University

2005 9 5 2006 2 21

*

From Colonial to Refl ection:

A Local History of Indonesian Football

Kusuda Kenta*

Indonesia was once one of the leading football countries in Asia. Even though the international status of Indonesian football has long been attenuated, football is still the most popular sport in the country. This article is an attempt to describe the relationship between society and sport in Indonesia through focusing on a local football club.

PSM is a football club established in 1915 in Makassar, the provincial capital of South Sulawesi. At fi rst, the club was given the Dutch name of MVB (Makassar Voetbal Bond). During the Japanese occupation, it was given a new Indonesian name, PSM (Persatuan Sepakbola Makassar), by which it has been known ever since.

The 1950s and mid-60s were the golden era of PSM, starring Ramang—considered to be the greatest Indonesian footballer. South Sulawesi was at that time the ground for the Kahar Muzakkar rebellion against the central government. This period is known as the era of Fanatisme Daerah (regional fanaticism). PSM served as a powerful tool to counterbalance outsiders, mainly from Jawa.

In the late 60s the rebellion ended, Suharto’s New Order regime began, and South Sulawesi found itself more integrated into the central government than it had previously been. Concurrently, PSM’s achievements gradually declined. Ironically, however, PSM became a symbol of Makassar, receiving support from the mayor of Makassar and a local entrepreneur. Consequentially, PSM was signifi cant for internal Makassarese society rather than broader society outside of the world of Makassar.

Within these contexts, although it was originally born as an offshoot of the Dutch East Indies, PSM gives a ‘visualization’ of the characteristics of Makassar of the times. Football, in this sense, offers us an optimal chance to examine related issues such as ethnicity, regional history, social integration, and local and central politics.

45

19 1)

FIFA

Fédération Internationale de Football Association2)

1991:

186

1893

PSSI 1990: 28 1938

1)

(civilizing

process)

1995

1863

2) FIFA 205 191 2005 8

6-1

46

1

P S M 3)

PSM

1915 1

(Liga Indonesia) 2005 (Ligina XI) 28

PSM

“Juku Eja” 4) “Ayam Jantan Dari Timur” 5)

PSM 1990 80

PSM

6)

Colombijn Palupi

Colombijn 2000: 172

Sepak Bola di Jawa 1920–1942

1920–1942

3) PSM Persatuan Sepakbola Makassar Persatuan Sepakbola

2001 2005

F

4) juku eja PSM

5) ayam jantan dari timur 17

16

1973 PSM

6) 1970

1996

2002

47

1990

2002

7)

1 Ligina XI 2005 28

PSM 1915Persebaya 1927

Persija 1928

PSMS 1930

PSIS 1932

Persib 1933

Persipura 1950

Persiba 1950

Persik 1950

Persita 1953

Persema 1953

PSPS 1955

PSDS 1958

Persmin 1960

Persijap 1960

Persibom 1963

Persela 1967

Deltras 1969

Persegi 1970

PSS 1976

Arema 1982

Persekabpas 1983

Petrokimia 1986

PKS 1986

SP 1986

PKT 1987

Persikota 1994Sriwijaya 2004

.

6-1

48

1 8)

PSM

1

4

120

1950

16 17 18

M 9) 10)

7) 1934 1954 1961

1–7 3–5 0–2

1970 4-3 JFA

8) 2002 1 2 2002 12 2003

11 12 2 (Lembaga Ilmu

Pengetahuan Indonesia)

9) Andi Mohamad Jusuf (1928–) 1966

3 11 3

1

10) Bachrudin Jusuf Habibie (1936–)

30 1978

98 3

6

49

300

11)

1993a: 129

(siri’ na pacce)

12)

PSM

11)

12) Kompas “Bushido” dan “Siri’” Mengandung Sikap Patriot Kompas, September 10, 2001

1

6-1

50

PSM

1

2 19 20

2.1 13)

19

19

11

(Football Association/FA) 1863 14)

1874

1 PSM

Pedoman Rakyat, November 18, 1989

13) 1998 2002 2002

14) soccer association

51

1880

(1878–) (1886–)

20 2005–2006

17 1870 1890

19 20

(Haarlemsche

Football Club) 1879 (Pim Mulier)

14

1904 FIFA

FIFA

4

FIFA 1906

1946

FIFA 1997: 67

2.2 15)

1893

&

(Bataviasche Cricket en Football Club ‘Rood-Wit’16) FA 30 14

15) PSSI 1980; 1990; 2000 Colombijn 2000 Palupi

2000

16) Rood-Wit

6-1

52

20

1914

4 1919

NIVB (Nederlandsch-Indische Voetbal Bond)

1920 NIVB

NIVB

1930 4 19 17) PSSI

Persatoean Sepakraga Seloeroeh Indonesia

PSSI Kompetisi

Perserikatan 18)

7

NIVB 1935

NIVB NIVU (Nederlandsch-Indische Voetbal Unie)

NIVU NIVB

NIVU

(Voetbalbond Padang en Omstreken/VPO) 1936

NIVU

FIFA

FIFA 3 1938

1937

NIVU 19)

1942 1

17) (Europeanen) Vreemde Oosterlingen;

(Inlanders)

2005

1980;

2002

18) Kompetisi Perserikatan

19) 0–6

53

3 1 3 9

2 1999: 194

3

1943 PSSI NIVU

1920

1998

1999:

221 20)

1943 11 15 p. 20 1992

1944 3 15 p. 6 1992

1945 8

20) Djawa Baroe,

1943 1 2 8 1 15 63

6-1

54

1947 PORI Persatuan Olahraga Republik Indonesia,

1948 9 PORI

1 PON Pekan Olahraga Nasional, PON

4

1 13

1 13 600

1991: 168 1 PON 1943 5

1949 PSSI NIVU PSSI Persatuan Sepakbola Seluruh

Indonesia, 1951 PSSI FIFA

1

PSSI

1953

8–0 7–0

5–0

3–1 4–2 5–0

Bethan 1990: 140

1956 11 29

120 0–0 21) GK

(goalkeeper) 22)

21) 3 23

1956

22) Le ballon d’or

1956

1

55

23) 1950

3 PSM

3.1 MVB PSM (1915 1950 )

1893

Victory 1895

Palupi 2000: 85

PSM 1915 11 2 24)

PSM (Persatuan Sepakbola Makassar) MVB (Makassar

Voetbal Bond) 25)

MVB PSM

PSM 1

23) Lev Yashin (1929–1990)

GK 1963

2000 FIFA 20

24) Pemberita Makassar (1903–1941)

25) MVB Hartwig John Paulus Van Bommel

70 PSM

6-1

56

MVB 1

MVB

MVB 1 MVB 1

MVB Prosit, Hindia Serikat, Bintang Prijai,

Makassarse Rode Vissen (MRV), OSVIA (Opleiding School voor Inlandsche Ambtenaren), Jong

Makassar 6 1 Prosit 6

MVB

MVB PSM

MVB

Prosit, Makassarse Rode Vissen, Jong Makassar

OSVIA

5 Bintang Prijai

Hindia Serikat 26)

1930 MVB 27)

PSSI

NIVU

1942

MVB

26) 19

20

27) 25) Anonymous 2000

57

MVB

Anonymous 2000 MVB PSM

1943 PSM

PSM

1947

PSM 1950

PSM PSSI PSSI 1930

31 PSM (MVB) 1915

30 40

1950

PSSI 28) PSSI

NIVB NIVU

PSSI (Persatoean Sepakraga Seloeroeh Indonesia)

1930 PSM MVB 1 PSSI I

Indonesia I

PSM

PSSI Seloeroeh

Indonesia ’ PSM 30 40 PSSI

1

PSM PSM PSSI 1950

1945 8 17 2

1949 8

28) Colombijn 2000: 183 PSSI 1980: 24

6-1

58

12 27

1946

NIT Negara Indonesia Timur,

NIT

1950 8 1950

PSM PSSI

29)

30)

1950 PSM PSSI

PSM

PSM MVB 30

3.2 1950 1960

1960

29) Kahar Muzakkar (1919–1965)

1950

65

cf. Tangke 2002

30) Majapahit (1293–1527) 14

59

50 60

PSM

2

50 PSM

1957 1966 10 6

PSM 4 2

3

1

Ramang. 1928–1987,

31)

6 1

1 PSM

2 32)

(Fajar)

PSM

PSM PSM

33)

PSM

PSM

PSM

31) Lapangan Karebosi. kare

karaeng bosi

32) 1997 B

33) 2003 4 24

6-1

60

2

1931 VIJ PSIM

1932 PSIM VIJ

1933 VIJ BIVB

1934 VIB BIVB

1935 Persis PPVIM

1936 Persis Persib

1937 Persib Persis

1938 VIB Persebaya

1939 Persis PSIM

1940 Persis PSIM

1941 Persis Persebaya

1942 Persis Persebaya

1943 Persis PSIM

1948 Persis PSIM

1950 Persebaya Persib

1951 Persebaya Persija


1954 Persija PSMS

1957 PSM PSMS

1959 PSM Persib

1961 Persib PSM

1964 Persija PSM

1965 PSM Persebaya

1966 PSM Persib

1967 PSMS Persebaya

1969 PSMS Persija

1971 PSMS Persebaya

1973 Persija Persebaya

1975 Persija PSMS

1977 Persija Persebaya

1978 Persebaya PSMS

1979 Persija PSMS

1980 Persipura PSMS

1981 Persiraja Persipura

1983 PSMS Persib

1985 PSMS Persib

1986 Persib Perseman

1987 PSIS Persebaya


1990 Persib Persebaya

1992 PSM PSMS

1993 Persib PSM

Joseph 1993: 19 The Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation

61

(bakat alam)

(luar biasa) (jenius)

PSSI

(legenda)

2004 7

溢

3 3

3

CF (center forward)

PSM

(Noor Salam)

(Suardi Arland) 3 FW (forward) 4

GK (goalkeeper) M (Maulwi Saelan) PSM

GK GK 1920

30 4

2

6-1

62

PSM

(bahasa bola)

PSM 34)

2 PSM 35)

1950 M

3 [Kompas, November 4, 1970]

4 1956 PSM

34) 2003 6 3

63

36)

1950 PSM

PSM

M PSM 37)

1957 4 PON

2 38)

PSM

3

1

fanatisme daerah, PSM

50 60 MF (mid fi elder) 39)

35) Andi Mattalatta (1920–2004) (Barru)

Mattalatta 2003

(Andi Meriem Mattalatta)

36) 20 Magenda 1989

2 2003 9

6

2

37) PSM

38) Stadion Mattoanging mattoanging mata angin

mata angin

anging

39) 2003 7 5

6-1

64

40) PSM

PSM

PSM PSSI

2

1950 65

1950 PSM 4 67

PSM

4 PSM

4.1 1960 1970

1960 PSM

1965

1971 Ujung Pandang

50

40)

1993b: 172

1993b: 173

65

41)

42)

PSM 1966 PSM 4

60 70

PSM 6 4

2 1992 26

70 PSM

PSM

1971 PSM (Ketua

Umum) 43) 1965 78 13

70

PSM

(Lotto)

PSM

70

PSM

PSM

PSM

PSM

1973 PSM 1

41) 2003 4 15

42) 1999

28

43) H. M. Daeng Patompo (1927–1999) (Kepala

Administrasi Kodam) 1965

6-1

66

PSM 44)

73

PSM

45) 70 PSM

PSM

PSM

PSM

PSM

PSM

2 2 PSM

PSM 46)

PSM

PSM 47) PSM 70

44) Jusuf Kalla (1942–)

70

2002 12 5

45) 2003 7 30

46)

70

(TVRI)

10 1972 TVRI 1992

20

1993

67

2

PSM

PSM

48)

PSM

PSM

PSM

PSM

1980

4.2 PSM 1980 1990

1970 49)

79 Kompetisi Galatama, 50) 77 PSSI

(Ali Sadikin)

PSM

47) 1 3

48)

49)

1950 60 60

50) (Galatama) Liga Sepakbola Utama Liga Sepakbola Utama

6-1

68

79

3 14

80 3

4

51)

Pedoman Rakyat, March 22, 1980

80

2 PSM

2

PSM

PSM

PSM 2

PSM 80

80

86

51) (Makassar Utama)

1980

69

3 80

(Niac Mitra) (Krama Yudha)

1

1990 PSM

(Suwahyo)

90

PSM PSM

PSM 52)

3

I 1979.3.17–1980.5.6 Warna Agung 14

II 1980.10.11–1982.3.13 Niac Mitra 18

III 1982.8.28–1983.5.1 Niac Mitra 15

IV 1983.11.30–1984.5.2 Yanita Utama 18

V 1984.8.4–1984.11.29 Yanita Utama 12

VI 1985.9.22–1985.12.24 Krama Yudha 8

VII 1986.8.31–1986.11.16 Krama Yudha 9

VIII 1987.10.3–1988.4.6 Niac Mitra 14

IV 1988.10.15–1989.4.1 Pelita Jaya 18

X 1990.1.7–1990.8.8 Pelita Jaya 18

XI 1990.11.11–1992.2.27 Arseto 20

XII 1992.9.10–1993.8.12 Arema 17

XIII 1993.9.4–1994.7.8 Pelita Jaya 17

PSSI

6-1

70

5

1992 3 PSM 26

1

PSM

2

80 1 2

2

52) 1978–1982

1983–1988 PSM 2003 9 13

5 PSM, [Fajar, February 17, 1990]

71

PSM

PSM ‘Pasukan Ramang’

PSM

PSM 53) PSM

‘TOYOTA’ 54)

PSM PSM

6 80 PSM

5

1915 MVB (PSM)

6 PSM 2 Fajar, April 30, 1990

Niac Mitra

53) 2003 9 23

54) 44)

6-1

72

50 PSM

PSM

60

PSM

PSM

PSM

80 PSM

PSM

PSM

PSM

PSM

Lima Besar, 5 5

Persija Persebaya Persib

PSMS PSM 2

1950 5 55)

5

55) 1980 Persipura 1981 Persiraja 1987 PSIS 3

1981 Persipura 1986

Perseman 2

73

PSM

1990 10

19 1

1994

2 PSM

PSM

PSM

10

1997 32 56)

PSM

Irreplaceable

56) 1997–1998 4 3

6-1

74

Anonymous. 2000. Mari Peduli PSM. PSM

Bethan, Ignas. 1990. Persatuan Sepak Bola Seluruh Indonesia, Persatuan Sepak Raga Seluruh Indonesia.

Ensiklopedi Nasional Indonesia. Vol. 13. Jakarta: Cipta Adi Pustaka, pp. 139-141.

Biro Humas Setwilda [sic] Sulawesi Selatan. 1999. Welcome to South Sulawesi. Makassar: PT. Andhikawati

Safi tri.

Colombijn, Freek. 2000. The Politics of Indonesian Football, Archipel 59: 171-200.

Cribb, Robert. 1992. Historical Dictionary of Indonesia. London: The Scarecrow Press.

1995

(Elias, Norbert and Eric Dunning. 1986. Quest for Excitement: Sport and Leisure in the

Civilizing Process. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.)

Gonggong, Anhar. 1982. Abdul Qahhar Mudzakkar, Dari Patriot Hingga Pemberontak. Jakarta: PT

Gramedia.

1997

(Guttmann, Allen. 1994. Games and Empires: Modern Sports and

Cultural Imperialism. New York: Colombia University Press.)

Harvey, Barbara S. 1985. South Sulawesi: Puppets and Patriots. In Audrey R. Kahin ed., Regional Dynamics

of the Indonesian Revolution. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, pp. 207-235.

2005

5 http://gsv.u-shimane.ac.jp/t-kishi/kaken/meeting/tw050320/hirosue.

html 2005 8 1

1993a

129-136.

1993b

171-177.

1992 5

Joseph, Elyas, ed. 1993. PSM Merebut Piala Presiden RI, Setelah 26 Tahun Menanti. Makassar: Yayasan

PSM.

Kalla, M. Jusuf. 2003. 38 Tahun Bersama GOLKAR. Jakarta: Golongan Karya.

1999

163-259.

1991

168.

1996 (Lever,

Janet. 1983. Soccer Madness. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.)

Magenda, Burhan Djabier. 1989. A Divided Aristocracy in Power: South Sulawesi. In Magenda, Burhan

Djabier ed., The Surviving Aristocracy in Indonesia: Politics in Three Provinces of Outer Islands. Vol. 2.

Chap. 4. Michigan: UMI Dissertation Information Service, pp. 545-826.

Mangemba, H. D. 2002. Takutlah Pada Orang Jujur (Mozaik Pemikiran). Makassar: Lembaga Penerbitan

Universitas Hasanuddin.

2002a

75

2002b 40: 6-9

NGO .

Mattalatta, Andi. 2003. Meniti Siri’ dan Harga Diri. Jakarta: Khasanah Manusia Nusantara.

Mattaliu, Abdurrazaq. 1997. H.M. DG. Patompo, Biografi Perjuangan. Makassar: Yayasan Pembangunan

Indonesia.

1978

Media GO and PSSI, eds. 2001. Buku Program Liga Bank Mandiri 2001. Jakarta: PSSI.

2002. Buku Program Liga Bank Mandiri 2001. Jakarta: PSSI.

2003. Buku Program Liga Bank Mandiri 2003. Jakarta: PSSI.

Mustafa, Moh.Yahya, A.Wanua Tangke and Anwar Nasyaruddin, eds. 2003. Siri’ dan Passe.’ Makassar:

Pustaka Refl eksi.

2002

(Mignon, Patrik. 1998. La Passion Du Football. Paris: Odile Jacob.)

1980

2002

1991

186.

Palupi, Srie Agustina. 2000. Sepak Bola di Jawa 1920-1942, Lembaran Sejarah 2 (2): 78-102.

2004. Politik and Sepakbola. Jogjakarta: Ombak.

PSSI. 1980. Kenang-kenangan P.S.S.I. 50th, 19 April 1930-19 April 1980. Jakarta: PSSI.

1990. 60 Tahun PSSI (1930-1990). Jakarta: PSSI.

2000. 70 Tahun PSSI—Mengarungi Milenium Baru. Jakarta: PSSI.

1998

2000 29-53.

Sinansari ecip, S. 2002. Hadji Kalla, Saudagar dari Mesjid. Makassar: Cahaya Timur.

Sukatanya, Yudhistira and Goenawan Monoharto, eds. 2000. Makassar Doeloe Makassar Kini Makassar

Nanti. Makassar: Yayasan Losari Makassar.

1995

Tangke, A. Wanua. 2002. Misteri Kahar Muzakkar Masih Hidup. Makassar: Pustaka Refl eksi.

TVRI. 1992. TVRI 30 Tahun. Makassar: TVRI Stasiun Ujung Pandang.

Volkman, T.A., Ian Caldwell and Eric Oey, eds. 1995. Sulawesi Indonesia. Singapore: Periplus.

2002 (Wahl,

Alfred. 1990. La Balle Au Pied Histoire Du Football. Paris: Gallimard.)

1998

Yayasan Olahraga Sulsel. 1997. Asal-usul Tanah dan Komplex Sarana Olahraga Mattoanging. Makassar:

Yayasan Olahraga Sulsel.

2002 109

40 (2): 115-140.

Bola

6-1

76

Fajar

GO

Kompas

Pedoman Rakyat

Pemberita Makassar

Sportif

AFC http://www.asian-football.com 2005 8 1

FIFA http://www.fi fa.com 2005 8 1

http://www.jttk.zaq.ne.jp/bachw308 2005 8 1

International Football Results. http://www.rdasilva.demon.co.uk/index_frame.html#asiangames 2005 8

1

JFA http://www.jfa.or.jp 2005 8 1

Kota Makassar http://www.makassar.go.id 2005 8 1

Ligina http://ligaindonesia.hypermart.net 2005 8 1

PSSI http://members.fortunecity.com/jftamaela/pssi.html 2005 8

1

The Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation. http://www.rsssf.com 2005 8 1

Nei Soccer Kusuda

Documents

Transcript of Nei Soccer Kusuda