Need to knowNeed to know

What was President Roosevelt’s “Gentlemen’s What was President Roosevelt’s “Gentlemen’s Agreement” with Japan?Agreement” with Japan?

Female progressives often justified their reformist political activities on the basis of???

imperialismimperialism�� Stronger nations dominating Stronger nations dominating

weaker nationsweaker nations-- reasons why?reasons why?

�� EconomicsEconomics-- need new markets need new markets (solve overproduction problems), (solve overproduction problems), need raw materialsneed raw materialsneed raw materialsneed raw materials

�� MilitarilyMilitarily--protect markets, basesprotect markets, bases

�� HumanitarianHumanitarian--law, medicine, law, medicine, religionreligion

�� NationalismNationalism--being superior leads being superior leads to interpreting Darwinismto interpreting Darwinism--strong strong will survivewill survive

imperialismimperialism

�� Control of the sea was the key to world Control of the sea was the key to world dominancedominance

�� The Influence of Sea Power upon History The Influence of Sea Power upon History 16601660--17831783 by Captain Alfred Thayer by Captain Alfred Thayer 16601660--17831783 by Captain Alfred Thayer by Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan’sMahan’s——

�� Control of the sea brings world dominanceControl of the sea brings world dominance

HawaiiHawaii�� Missionaries and sugar productionMissionaries and sugar production

�� Naval base rights at Pearl HarborNaval base rights at Pearl Harbor

�� Diseases reduce indigenous peopleDiseases reduce indigenous people

�� Import Asian laborers soon out number Import Asian laborers soon out number whites and Hawaiianswhites and Hawaiianswhites and Hawaiianswhites and Hawaiians

�� Queen Liliuokalani wanted natives to Queen Liliuokalani wanted natives to control Hawaiicontrol Hawaii

�� Planters, assisted by US Army, take over Planters, assisted by US Army, take over in 1893 and want annexation. But Pres. in 1893 and want annexation. But Pres. Cleveland says no.Cleveland says no.

�� Hawaii annexed in 1898Hawaii annexed in 1898--Spanish Spanish American warAmerican war

Queen Liliuokalani and workers in the fieldQueen Liliuokalani and workers in the field

Spanish American WarSpanish American War--18981898

�� Americans sympatric to Cuban Americans sympatric to Cuban RevolutionariesRevolutionaries

�� Thousands of Cubans Thousands of Cubans

put in concentration put in concentration put in concentration put in concentration

campscamps

�� Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism——

Sensational news stories Sensational news stories

stirred the anger of thestirred the anger of the

American publicAmerican public

USS MAINEUSS MAINE

War in Cuba and PhilippinesWar in Cuba and Philippines

�� Fighting lasts about 2 monthsFighting lasts about 2 months

�� 400 dead from bullets, 5000 dead disease 400 dead from bullets, 5000 dead disease or bacteriaor bacteria

�� US attacks and controls the PhilippinesUS attacks and controls the Philippines——�� US attacks and controls the PhilippinesUS attacks and controls the Philippines——

Filipinos fight the US troops for two years Filipinos fight the US troops for two years to gain freedomto gain freedom--they fail they fail

�� “Splendid Little War”“Splendid Little War”

Spanish American WarSpanish American War

�� Territories gainedTerritories gained

�� Puerto Rico, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Cuba, �� Puerto Rico, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Cuba,

�� PhilippinesPhilippines

Effects of gaining the PhilippinesEffects of gaining the Philippines

�� Become a power in East AsiaBecome a power in East Asia

�� Commitment to defend PhilippinesCommitment to defend Philippines--hard to hard to dodo

�� Rule over millions of peopleRule over millions of people�� Rule over millions of peopleRule over millions of people

�� Americans want a large navyAmericans want a large navy

�� Puerto Ricans and Filipinos not given full Puerto Ricans and Filipinos not given full American rightsAmerican rights

AntiAnti--imperialism argumentsimperialism arguments

It would violate the “consent of the It would violate the “consent of the governed” philosophy of the Declaration of governed” philosophy of the Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

The Filipinos wanted freedom, not colonial The Filipinos wanted freedom, not colonial The Filipinos wanted freedom, not colonial The Filipinos wanted freedom, not colonial rule.rule.

Despotism abroad might lead to despotism Despotism abroad might lead to despotism at home.at home.

Annexation would propel the United States Annexation would propel the United States into the political and military affairs of the into the political and military affairs of the Far EastFar East

Imperialistic Ideas towards ChinaImperialistic Ideas towards China

�� The nation needed more markets for its goodsThe nation needed more markets for its goods

�� Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy

�� open access to China for American investment and open access to China for American investment and commercial interestscommercial interests——Free tradeFree trade

�� bolstered American commercial interests in China bolstered American commercial interests in China

�� it gave the United States access to millions of Chinese it gave the United States access to millions of Chinese consumersconsumers

�� it gave the United States access to millions of Chinese it gave the United States access to millions of Chinese consumersconsumers

THEODORE ROOSEVELTTHEODORE ROOSEVELTAND AND

FOREIGN POLICYFOREIGN POLICY

�� Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (preventive (preventive interventionintervention))

�� Direct cause Direct cause -- American fear that financial instability American fear that financial instability (countries broke) in the Dominican Republic would (countries broke) in the Dominican Republic would lead to European interventionlead to European intervention

American intervened in Latin America nations because American intervened in Latin America nations because �� American intervened in Latin America nations because American intervened in Latin America nations because they could not pay their debts to European creditorsthey could not pay their debts to European creditors

�� Expanded America’s role in Central America and the Expanded America’s role in Central America and the CaribbeanCaribbean

�� left a legacy of ill will and distrust of the left a legacy of ill will and distrust of the United States throughout Latin America.United States throughout Latin America.

Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary

Panama CanalPanama Canal

�� 1 day revolution against Columbia1 day revolution against Columbia

�� Roosevelt gave military supportRoosevelt gave military support

�� a desire to improve the defense of the a desire to improve the defense of the United StatesUnited StatesUnited StatesUnited States

�� Facilitated trade between Atlantic and Pacific Facilitated trade between Atlantic and Pacific portsports

�� Panama canal difficultiesPanama canal difficulties--yellow fever, poor yellow fever, poor sanitation, land slidessanitation, land slides

Panama CanalPanama Canal--how it workshow it works

Link to Panama CanalLink to Panama Canal

Presidential Foreign PolicyPresidential Foreign Policy

�� RooseveltRoosevelt

�� Big Stick (TR has high energy and a big Big Stick (TR has high energy and a big ego!)ego!)

�� TaftTaft�� TaftTaft

�� Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy

�� WilsonWilson

�� Moral Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy

ProgressivismProgressivism

American Moves ForwardAmerican Moves Forward

�� President Roosevelt was a progressive, President Roosevelt was a progressive, but would compromise with Big Businessbut would compromise with Big Business

� ADVOCATED:

� control of corporations.� control of corporations.

� consumer protection

� conservation of natural resources.

Teddy Roosevelt New NationalismTeddy Roosevelt New Nationalism

�� Expanded the government’s role in Expanded the government’s role in regulating businesses and business regulating businesses and business monopoliesmonopolies�� TrustsTrusts�� TrustsTrusts

�� Good trusts should be tolerated while Good trusts should be tolerated while bad trusts are prevented from bad trusts are prevented from manipulating marketsmanipulating markets

�� TR is progressive, but willing to TR is progressive, but willing to compromisecompromise

Progressive Progressive BeliefsBeliefs--use the use the

government as an agency of human government as an agency of human welfarewelfare

�� democratization of the political structuredemocratization of the political structure

�� reformation of children’s labor lawreformation of children’s labor law

�� expansion of women’s rightsexpansion of women’s rights

�� application of “scientific methods” to application of “scientific methods” to �� application of “scientific methods” to application of “scientific methods” to solve social problemssolve social problems

�� MuckrakersMuckrakers�� Make the public aware of the social Make the public aware of the social

problemsproblems

�� Middle class reformers concerned with Middle class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issuesurban and consumer issues

Progressive LawsProgressive Laws

�� LocalLocal

�� CityCity--manager system of government manager system of government

�� Was designed to remove politics from municipal Was designed to remove politics from municipal administrationadministrationadministrationadministration

�� NationalNational

�� Income tax 16Income tax 16thth AmendmentAmendment

�� Direct election of United States senators 17Direct election of United States senators 17thth

AmendmentAmendment

Progressive LawsProgressive Laws

�� NationalNational�� Prohibition of the sale alcoholic beverages Prohibition of the sale alcoholic beverages

1818thth AmendmentAmendment--Why did it pass??Why did it pass??�� the continued efforts of the Antithe continued efforts of the Anti--Saloon leagueSaloon league

the Progressive belief in social reformthe Progressive belief in social reform�� the Progressive belief in social reformthe Progressive belief in social reform

�� the cumulative impact of state prohibition lawsthe cumulative impact of state prohibition laws

��Strongest SupportersStrongest Supporters--who??who??�� Rural Americans and small town residentRural Americans and small town resident

�� Women’s suffrage 19Women’s suffrage 19thth AmendmentAmendment

MULLER V. OREGONMULLER V. OREGON

�� In In Muller Muller v. v. Oregon, Oregon, the Supreme Court upheld the Supreme Court upheld the principle that female workers required the principle that female workers required special rules and protection on the jobspecial rules and protection on the job

“harmful effects of factory labor on women’s “harmful effects of factory labor on women’s “harmful effects of factory labor on women’s “harmful effects of factory labor on women’s weaker bodies”weaker bodies”——Seems discriminatory todaySeems discriminatory today——closed many jobs to women.closed many jobs to women.

But, for the first time, employees have some But, for the first time, employees have some control over the work place control over the work place

Muller v. OregonMuller v. Oregon�� "That woman's physical structure and the performance "That woman's physical structure and the performance

of maternal functions place her at a disadvantage in the of maternal functions place her at a disadvantage in the struggle for subsistence is obvious. This is especially struggle for subsistence is obvious. This is especially true when the burdens of motherhood are upon her. true when the burdens of motherhood are upon her. Even when they are not, by abundant testimony of the Even when they are not, by abundant testimony of the medical fraternity continuance for a long time on her medical fraternity continuance for a long time on her feet at work, repeating this from day to day, tends to feet at work, repeating this from day to day, tends to feet at work, repeating this from day to day, tends to feet at work, repeating this from day to day, tends to injurious effects upon the body, and as healthy mothers injurious effects upon the body, and as healthy mothers are essential to vigorous offspring, the physical wellare essential to vigorous offspring, the physical well--being of woman becomes an object of public interest being of woman becomes an object of public interest and care in order to preserve the strength and vigor of and care in order to preserve the strength and vigor of the race." 208 U.S. at 412the race." 208 U.S. at 412

Republican Party Splits in 1912Republican Party Splits in 1912

�� Taft’s tariff policyTaft’s tariff policy

�� Progressives’ fight against House Progressives’ fight against House Speaker Joseph CannonSpeaker Joseph Cannon

�� Conservatives’ nomination of William Conservatives’ nomination of William �� Conservatives’ nomination of William Conservatives’ nomination of William Howard TaftHoward Taft

�� Popularity of Theodore RooseveltPopularity of Theodore Roosevelt

Woodrow Wilson New FreedomWoodrow Wilson New Freedom

�� Expanded the government’s role in Expanded the government’s role in regulating businesses and business regulating businesses and business monopoliesmonopolies

�� Attempt to counteract the economic Attempt to counteract the economic �� Attempt to counteract the economic Attempt to counteract the economic influence of big business influence of big business

�� Federal Trade CommissionFederal Trade Commission

�� Federal Reserve SystemFederal Reserve System

�� Made currency and credit more elastic.Made currency and credit more elastic.

ROUGH RIDERSROUGH RIDERS

ROUGH RIDERSROUGH RIDERS

�� In the period of about four and a half In the period of about four and a half months they were together, 37 percent of months they were together, 37 percent of those who got to Cuba were casualties. those who got to Cuba were casualties. Better than one out of every three were Better than one out of every three were Better than one out of every three were Better than one out of every three were killed, wounded, or stricken by disease. It killed, wounded, or stricken by disease. It was the highest casualty rate of any was the highest casualty rate of any American unit that took part in the American unit that took part in the SpanishSpanish--American War campaign."American War campaign."