Nebraska Teen Driving Experiences Survey Three-Year Trend ...dhhs.ne.gov/Reports/TDS Survey -...

Nebraska Teen Driving Experiences Survey Three-Year Trend Report

2014-2015, 2015-2016, and 2016-2017 School Years

May 2017

Division of Public Health Injury Prevention Program

Table of Contents Introduction and Methodology 1

Summary 2

Demographics 3

Identifications of Teen Driving Risks 5

Cell Phone Use (Talking and Texting) While Driving 6

Distracted Driving (excluding cell phones) 8

Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) Provisions 10

Seat Belt Use 11

Night-time and Drowsy Driving 14

Alcohol Impaired Driving 15

Reckless Driving 16

Conclusion 18

1

Nebraska Teen Driving Experiences Survey Trend Report

Introduction and Methodology Teens in the Driver Seat (TDS) is a peer-to-peer traffic safety program for youth lead by youth. The program has been in Nebraska High Schools since the 2013-2014 school year. The goal is to reduce teen-related motor vehicle crashes, injuries and deaths through implementation of this evidence-based program. The school-based TDS programs engage in many activities throughout the school year to promote safe driving. One of the activities that youth leaders in the program complete is administering the Nebraska Teen Driving Experiences Survey to their peers. The Nebraska Teen Driving Experiences survey captures a broad array of behaviors and attitudes related to driving. The current survey instrument has now been implemented for three consecutive years. Over these three years, between 12 and 17 TDS schools have collected surveys. A total of eight schools have collected surveys in all three years. This report presents trends from the Nebraska Teen Driving Experiences Survey from those eight schools that have collected surveys over the past three years. The schools are: Centura, Chambers, Fullerton, Gering, Howells-Dodge, Lincoln Southwest, Malcolm, and Norfolk. Figure 1 below presents the high school enrollment at the listed schools.

Figure 1 High school enrollment (2014-2015)

Centura 135

Chambers 43

Fullerton 84

Gering 609

Howells-Dodge 93

Lincoln Southwest 1,807

Malcolm 158

Norfolk 1,274

Total 4,203

The survey results are used to show changes in knowledge and behavior around teen driver safety, guide schools and the program in activities and to track trends over a period of time with implementation of the program

2

Summary The Nebraska Teen Driving Experiences Survey captures 17 risky driving behaviors. Figure 2 below shows the trends for the 2014-2015, 2015-2016, and 2016-2017 school years for the eight schools that have participated in the survey during this time period. Twelve (12) of the 17 risky driving behaviors have shown a decrease.

Figure 2 Reported driving behaviors in the past month

Items ranked from most improved to least improved 2014-2015

2015-2016

2016-2017

% Change+ 2014-2015 to 2016-2017

1. Rode in a vehicle with a driver who had been drinking alcohol°

20.6% 19.4% 18.7% -9.2%

2. Drove a vehicle with passengers who did not wear a seat belt*

65.9% 60.0% 60.6% -8.0%

3. Drove without wearing a seat belt* 39.0% 34.8% 36.2% -7.2%

4. Drove a vehicle with two or more other teenagers without anyone over the age of 21 in the vehicle#

80.7% 75.1% 75.2% -6.8%

5. Drove 10 miles per hour or more over the posted speed limit*

70.2% 64.8% 66.4% -5.4%

6. Drove after 12 AM (midnight) without anyone over the age of 21 in the vehicle#

65.1% 60.7% 62.1% -4.6%

7. Rode or drove in a vehicle without wearing a seat belt° (combines rode and drove without a seat belt)

62.3% 62.4% 59.7% -4.2%

8. Rode in a vehicle without wearing a seat belt° 60.5% 60.6% 58.0% -4.1%

9. Ate while driving* 79.7% 79.1% 77.3% -3.0%

10. Talked on a cell phone while driving* 78.4% 74.4% 77.3% -1.4%

11. Texted (read or sent) while driving* 68.1% 62.5% 67.5% -0.9%

12. Rode in a vehicle with two or more other teenagers without anyone over the age of 21 in the vehicle°

70.8% 69.0% 70.4% -0.6%

13. Street-raced* 23.3% 21.0% 24.5% 5.2%

14. Put on make-up while driving^ 15.8% 15.7% 16.8% 6.3%

15. Drove a vehicle after drinking alcohol (even just one drink)*

9.9% 11.4% 11.0% 11.1%

16. Ran a red light* 19.1% 17.5% 21.5% 12.6%

17. Almost fell asleep while driving* 12.1% 15.5% 16.6% 37.2% °Question applied to all respondents. *Question applied only to respondents with a Provisional Operator's Permit (POP) or Unrestricted Driver's License. #Question applied only to respondents with a Provisional Operator's Permit (POP). ^Question applied only to female respondents with a Provisional Operator's Permit (POP) or Unrestricted Driver's License. +The percentage increase or decrease from 2014-2015 to 2016-2017. Calculated as the difference between these two years, divided by the original year, and then multiplied by 100. Percentage change gives an estimate of the change in actual behaviors. For example, a percentage decrease of 5% for a certain behavior indicates that there are now 5% fewer youth engaging in that behavior. In other words, if 100 youth engaged in the behavior previously, now 95 do.

3

Demographics Figures 3 through 7 present demographics of the survey sample for the eight schools.

Figure 3 Surveys collected by school

2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017

Centura 60 115 114

Chambers 41 36 25

Fullerton 75 136 90

Gering 133 127 191

Howells-Dodge 50 47 48

Lincoln Southwest 353 338 254

Malcolm 140 159 121

Norfolk 244 222 252

Total 1,096 1,180 1,095

Figure 4 Age

13 &

Under 14 15 16 17 18

19 & Over

Average

‘14-’15 (n=1,096)

0.1% 13.6% 19.0% 36.0% 24.5% 6.7% 0.2% 15.9

‘15-’16 (n=1,173)

0.1% 8.8% 26.2% 31.9% 24.3% 8.5% 0.3% 16.0

‘16-’17 (n=1,091)

1.5% 8.4% 15.6% 31.6% 32.0% 10.5% 0.4% 16.2

Figure 5 Gender

Male Female

‘14-’15 (n=1,094)

45.2% 54.8%

‘15-’16 (n=1,172)

48.8% 51.2%

‘16-’17 (n=1,088)

48.1% 51.9%

4

Figure 6 Grade

9th 10th 11th 12th

‘14-’15 (n=1,095)

18.2% 19.8% 41.9% 20.1%

‘15-’16 (n=1,174)

15.3% 36.2% 27.7% 20.8%

‘16-’17 (n=1,064)

13.5% 22.7% 41.6% 22.2%

Figure 7 License status

School

Learner's Permit (LPE)

Learner's Permit (LPD)

School Permit (SCP)

Provisional Operator's

Permit (POP)

Unrestricted Driver's License

None

‘14-’15 (n=1,091)

3.0% 18.1% 5.5% 42.8% 9.4% 21.2%

‘15-’16 (n=1,167)

2.4% 22.1% 5.7% 42.9% 9.2% 17.7%

‘16-’17 (n=1,086)

2.7% 12.4% 6.3% 47.2% 13.0% 18.4%

5

Identification of Teen Driving Risks Youth are asked to identify the top five teen driving risks in an open-ended survey item. Most youth correctly identify distractions (like texting on a cell phone) and drinking and driving. However, a fairly low percentage of youth are able to identify the remaining three risks to teen driving: seat belt use, speeding, and nighttime driving (Figure 8). Over the past three years, on average youth have correctly identified 2.4 out of the 5 teen driving risks each year (Figure 9).

Figure 8 Youth Identification of the Top Five Teen Driving Risks*

Distractions,

like texting on a cell phone

Drinking and Driving

Seat belt use Speeding Nighttime

driving

‘14-’15 (n=1,096)

98.4% 75.0% 24.7% 28.6% 15.7%

‘15-’16 (n=1,180)

98.3% 75.0% 23.2% 24.4% 15.9%

‘16-’17 (n=1,095)

97.6% 75.7% 25.9% 23.1% 16.6%

*Percentage of survey respondents who were able to identify each risk as one of the five most common factors that contribute to teenagers being hurt or killed in a car crash.

Figure 9 Number of Teen Driving Risks Identified*

None 1 of 5 2 of 5 3 of 5 4 of 5 5 of 5 Average

‘14-’15 (n=1,096)

0.5% 10.2% 44.2% 37.0% 7.8% 0.3% 2.4

‘15-’16 (n=1,180)

0.6% 11.4% 48.2% 31.1% 7.9% 0.8% 2.4

‘16-’17 (n=1,095)

0.9% 10.0% 46.3% 35.3% 6.8% 0.6% 2.4

*Ability of respondents to identify any/all of the top five driving risks: drinking and driving; distractions, like texting on a cell phone; speeding; nighttime driving; and seat belt use.

6

Cell Phone Use (Talking and Texting) While Driving The reported rates of talking on a cell phone and texting while driving have remained relatively unchanged. Each decreased from 2014-2015 to 2015-2016 before increasing again in 2016-2017 (Figures 10 and 12). The top two reasons for both talking and texting while driving are “to let people know I was going to be late or early” and “I feel hurried to give information back to my parents” (Figures 11 and 13).

*Question applied only to respondents with a Provisional Operator's Permit (POP) or Unrestricted Driver's License.

*Among respondents with a Provisional Operator's Permit (POP) or Unrestricted Driver's License who reported the behavior in the past month.

78.4%

74.4%

77.3%

2014-2015 (n=569) 2015-2016 (n=605) 2016-2017 (n=652)

Figure 10. Talked on a cell phone while driving in the past month*

48.4%

42.3%

37.5%

21.4%

20.8%

18.9%

12.5%

4.1%

10.1%

To let people know I was going to be late or early

I feel hurried to give information back to my parents

It doesn't affect my ability to drive

I don't see a risk in doing it

I feel hurried to give information back to my friends

My parents do it

I get bored when I am driving

I know I won't get a ticket

Other

Figure 11. Reasons for talking on a cell while driving* ('14-'15 to '16-'17 combined) (n=1,342)

7


68.1%

62.5%

67.5%

2014-2015 (n=567) 2015-2016 (n=608) 2016-2017 (n=652)

Figure 12. Texted (read or sent) while driving in the past month*


48.8%

42.1%

41.0%

23.4%

20.5%

16.1%

12.3%

9.7%

3.7%

7.9%

To let people know I was going to be late or early

I feel hurried to give information back to my parents

I feel hurried to give information back to my friends

I am good at texting, it only takes a second

It doesn't affect my ability to drive

I get bored when I am driving

My parents do it

I don't see a risk in doing it


Other

Figure 13. Reasons for texting (reading or sending) while driving* ('14-'15 to '16-'17 combined) (n=1,134)

8

Distracted Driving (excluding cell phones)

Three survey items track distracted driving behaviors other than cell phone use (Figures 14 through 16). A moderate decrease has been seen in youth reporting eating while driving and youth (Figure 14).


79.7%

79.1%

77.3%

2014-2015 (n=567) 2015-2016 (n=535) 2016-2017 (n=652)

Figure 14. Ate while driving in the past month*

*Question applied only to female respondents with a Provisional Operator's Permit (POP) or Unrestricted Driver's License.

15.8%15.7%

16.8%

2014-2015 (n=304) 2015-2016 (n=267) 2016-2017 (n=316)

Figure 15. Put on make-up while driving in the past month*

9

*Question applied to all respondents.

70.8%

69.0%

70.4%

2014-2015 (n=1,072) 2015-2016 (n=1,159) 2016-2017 (n=1,070)

Figure 16. Rode in a vehicle with two or more other teenagers without anyone over the age of 21 in the

vehicle in the past month*

10

Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) Provisions Among youth with a Provisional Operator’s Permit (POP), there were moderate decreases in the two key behaviors that are prohibited by law: driving a vehicle with two or more other teenagers without anyone over the age of 21 in the vehicle and driving after midnight without anyone over the age of 21 in the vehicle (Figures 17 and 18).

*Question applied only to respondents with a Provisional Operator's Permit (POP).

80.7%

75.1% 75.2%

2014-2015 (n=461) 2015-2016 (n=498) 2016-2017 (n=508)

Figure 17. Drove a vehicle with two or more other teenagers without anyone over the age of 21 in the

vehicle in the past month*

*Question applied only to respondents with a Provisional Operator's Permit (POP).

65.1%

60.7%

62.1%

2014-2015 (n=464) 2015-2016 (n=456) 2016-2017 (n=509)

Figure 18. Drove after 12 AM (midnight) without anyone over the age of 21 in the vehicle in the past month*

11

Seat Belt Use The percentage of youth reporting riding and/or driving without wearing a seat belt in the past month has decreased moderately from 2014-2015 to 2016-2017 (Figures 19 through 21). The top two reasons for not wearing a seat belt were “it was a short drive” and “I simply forgot”. Each of these reasons was reported by over half of those respondents who reported not wearing a seat belt in the past month (Figure 22). Additionally, there was a moderate decrease in the percentage of youth reporting that they drove with passengers who did not wear a seat belt in the past month (Figure 23).


39.0%

34.8%

36.2%

2014-2015 (n=569) 2015-2016 (n=607) 2016-2017 (n=650)

Figure 19. Drove without wearing a seat belt in the past month*


60.5% 60.6%

58.0%

2014-2015 (n=1,087) 2015-2016 (n=1,164) 2016-2017 (n=1,085)

Figure 20. Rode in a vehicle without wearing a seat belt in the past month*

12


62.3% 62.4%

59.7%

2014-2015 (n=1,090) 2015-2016 (n=1,169) 2016-2017 (n=1,089)

Figure 21. Rode or drove in a vehicle without wearing a seat belt in the past month*

*Among those who reported the behavior in the past month.

54.4%

52.4%

24.6%

22.7%

12.3%

9.3%

8.4%

6.6%

3.8%

3.6%

5.8%

It was a short drive

I simply forgot

Wearing a seat belt is not a habit

Seat belts are uncomfortable

There were more people in the car than available seat belts

I don't see a risk in not wearing one

My parents don't wear theirs

None of my friends wear a seat belt


I don't want my clothes to wrinkle

Other

Figure 22. Reasons for not wearing a seat belt* ('14-'15 to '16-'17 combined) (n=976)

13


65.9%

60.0%60.6%

2014-2015 (n=569) 2015-2016 (n=607) 2016-2017 (n=654)

Figure 23. Drove a vehicle with passengers who did not wear a seat belt in the past month*

14

Night-time and Drowsy Driving The percentage of youth who reported almost falling asleep while driving in the past month increased from 2014-2015 to 2016-2017 (Figure 24).


12.1%

15.5%16.6%

2014-2015 (n=568) 2015-2016 (n=605) 2016-2017 (n=652)

Figure 24. Almost fell asleep while driving in the past month*

15

Alcohol Impaired Driving There was a moderate increase in the percentage of youth reporting alcohol impaired driving in the past month from 2014-2015 to 2016-2017 (Figure 25). However, there was also a decrease in the percentage of youth who reported riding in a vehicle with a driver who had been drinking alcohol (Figure 26).


9.9%

11.4%

11.0%

2014-2015 (n=565) 2015-2016 (n=605) 2016-2017 (n=653)

Figure 25. Drove a vehicle after drinking alcohol (even just one drink) in the past month*


20.6%

19.4%

18.7%

2014-2015 (n=1,073) 2015-2016 (n=1,025) 2016-2017 (n=1,083)

Figure 26. Rode in a vehicle with a driver who had been drinking alcohol in the past month*

16

Reckless Driving There was a moderate decline in past-month speeding (Figure 27). Nearly two-thirds of those who reported speeding gave “I was running late” as a reason (Figure 28). Despite the decline in speeding, there were slight increases in reported street-racing and running a red light in the past month (Figures 29 and 30).


70.2%

64.8%

66.4%

2014-2015 (n=564) 2015-2016 (n=602) 2016-2017 (n=652)

Figure 27. Drove 10 miles per hour or more over the posted speed limit in the past month*


66.2%

35.4%

31.6%

27.5%

10.8%

9.4%

5.7%

I was running late

I feel confident in my driving ability

Some speed limits are unnecessary

Driving fast is fun

The chances of getting a speeding ticket are low

My parents do it

Other

Figure 28. Reasons for driving 10 miles per hour or more over the posted speed limit* (n=1,144) ('14-'15 to '16-'17 combined)

17


23.3%

21.0%

24.5%

2014-2015 (n=566) 2015-2016 (n=604) 2016-2017 (n=653)

Figure 29. Street-raced in the past month*


19.1%17.5%

21.5%

2014-2015 (n=564) 2015-2016 (n=605) 2016-2017 (n=652)

Figure 30. Ran a red light in the past month*

18

Conclusion Overall, the three-year trends of the Nebraska Teen Driving Experiences Survey are positive. Of the 17 behaviors captured by the survey, 12 showed at least a slight improvement. While none of the changes during this three-year period rise to the level of statistical significance, there appears to be some promise that if these trends continue over a long period of time, meaningful changes will occur. One of the more positive changes seen over the past three years is the improvement in seat belt use. There have been moderate improvements in wearing a seat belt (both while riding and driving) and driving with passengers who are buckled up. Other noteworthy positive changes include declines in riding with a driver who had been drinking alcohol, speeding, and following the rules of a Provisional Operator’s Permit (i.e., not driving with two or more teens without a 21-year old in the car and not driving past midnight without a 21-year old in the car). Despite these positive areas, a few concerns are evident. There has continually been a relatively low rate of youth identifying seat belt use, speeding, and nighttime driving as risky teen driving behaviors. Additionally, the slight increase in reported driving under the influence of alcohol is a concern. Overall, the areas of improvement outweigh these noted areas of concern. Teens in the Driver Seat is known to be evidence-based, therefore the program could expect to see more improvement in the survey results as the program continues and expands in high schools throughout the state.

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