Nebraska Master Naturalist Core Training Objectives and...

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1

Nebraska Master Naturalist

Core Training Objectives and Outlines

Environmental Ethics Page 2

Flora of Nebraska Page 4

Ecology Page 6

Taxonomy Page 22

Fauna Page 25

Mammals Page 25

Amphibians Page 28

Reptiles Page 30

Birds Page 34

Geology amp Natural History Page 47

Geological sites in Nebraska Page 48

Outdoor Skills amp North American Model Page 49

Outdoor Skills Specialization options Page 54

Interpretation and Education Page 56

Safety in the Field Page 63

University of NebraskandashLincoln 3310 Holdrege Street bull 417 Hardin Hall bull Lincoln NE bull 68583-0974 Ph (402) 472-8689 bull Fx (402) 472-2946 bull naturalistunledu httpNATURALISTunledu bull httpNebraskaNatureNetworkorg


2

Environmental Ethics

Developed by Daniel G Deffenbaugh Nebraska Master Naturalist ddeffenbaughhastingsedu

Reading 1 ldquoJohn Muir Publicizerrdquo in Roderick Frazer Nash Wilderness and the American Mind Fourth

Edition (New Haven CT Yale University Press 2001) pp 122-140

Abstract This chapter in Roderick Frazer Nashrsquos classic text introduces readers to the philosophical

conflict over value in nature that arose around the turn of the twentieth century between two schools

of thought On the one hand was John Muir who argued eloquently in his essays for the

ldquopreservationistrdquo perspective ndash that is setting aside tracts of land to be preserved indefinitely as

wilderness to which Americans could retreat for spiritual sustenance On the other hand was the

ldquoconservationistrdquo perspective of Gifford Pinchot which saw American lands as a store of resources that

needed to be managed wisely for the general welfare of the country These two perspectives still inform

much of the thinking today on the need to conserve or preserve natural habitats

Objectives The objectives for reading this article are as follows

To familiarize master naturalists with the life and work of John Muir

To introduce master naturalists to two fundamental ethical orientations toward the

natural world preservationism and conservationism

To acquaint master naturalists with the early history of the environmental movement

in the US

To help master naturalists distinguish between National Parks and federally managed

lands and to understand the history and rationale behind each

To encourage master naturalists to think about which of the two aforementioned

approaches best reflects their own values

Questions for Reflection

1 What values have informed your decision to become a Master Naturalist

2 With what group do you most readily identify John Muirrsquos preservationists or Gifford Pinchotrsquos

conservationists

3 Does nature have inherent or only instrumental value Explain your answer

4 Do humans have moral obligations toward nature If so what are they If not why

5 In the 1980s a group of scholars proposed that the Great Plains of the United States be returned to

what was then called a ldquoBuffalo Commonsrdquo If this idea were to resurface today how would you go

about arguing for one side or the other What does this say about your perspective on the inherent or

instrumental value of nature


3

Reading 2 ldquoThe Land Ethicrdquo in A Sand County Almanac and Sketches Here and There Special

Commemorative Edition (Oxford Oxford University Press 1949) pp 201-226

Abstract Published shortly after Aldo Leopold died in 1949 A Sand County Almanac has been described

by many as the environmentalistrsquos handbook due primarily to the short section that concludes the text

ldquoThe Land Ethicrdquo Here Leopold challenges his readers to think of themselves less as masters of a

landscape ndash endowed by reason and therefore justified in utilizing land in whatever manner they see fit

ndash and more as ldquoplain membersrdquo participants in an elaborate ldquobiotic communityrdquo Leopold believes that

viewing the world from the latter perspective will have much more beneficial results as humanity moves

into an uncertain future

Objectives Objectives for reading this article include the following

To introduce master naturalists to one of the great luminaries of the American environmental

movement Aldo Leopold

To familiarize master naturalists with the basic outlines of Leopoldrsquos ldquoland ethicrdquo so as to

distinguish it from instrumentalist or utilitarian approaches

To challenge master naturalists to enlarge their conception of community to include ldquosoils

waters plants and animalsrdquo

To encourage master naturalists to consider the implications of being a ldquoplain memberrdquo of a

ldquobiotic communityrdquo

To give master naturalists the opportunity to think critically about the integrity of their own

biotic communities


1 In what ways do you resonate with Aldo Leopoldrsquos ldquoland ethicrdquo as you think about the reasons for why

you want to become a master naturalist

2 If ethics is a ldquolimitation on freedomrdquo as Leopold claims then what limitations apply to our

relationship to the natural world What limitations apply to the use of onersquos property

3 If prior to reading Leopold you were asked to describe your community who or what would you have

included

4 How would seeing yourself as a ldquoplain memberrdquo of your biotic community affect the way you live and

act in the world

5 Can you think of examples from your own experience of what Leopold calls the ldquoA-B cleavagerdquo

6 What are the economic cultural and biological implications of this famous line from Leopoldrsquos text

ldquoA thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity stability and beauty of a biotic community It is

wrong when it tends otherwiserdquo


4

Flora of Nebraska

Developed by Leslie Kwasnieski Nebraska Master Naturalist lesliekwasnieskigmailcom

Objectives

Grasslands and Prairies of Nebraska Can be used as an example of Nebraskarsquos diverse flora

This Session should provide a general overview of plant biology including the following

1 a basic introductory discussion of plant physiology including nutrition water relations

internal transport respiration and photosynthesis

2 economic and other social importance of plants with a focus on Nebraska

3 plant ecology and its changing due to environmental impact

4 Plant Identification plant anatomy to enable the student to use a key to identify plants in

Nebraska

5 Discussion of native plants as well as invasive species found in Nebraska

Outline

1 Introduction to Plant Identification

a The plant kingdom a definition

b Basic anatomy including flower parts vascular system and leaf anatomy

2 Plant reproduction and alternation of generations

3 Plant relationships with the environment

a What do they need for nutrition where do they find it

b Water too much and too little How do they survive

c Internal transport respiration and Photosynthesis ndash how do these affect where a plant

can survive

4 Why are plants important Discussion and list

a Crops vs native plants vs invasive species

5 Plant ecology and changes in the environment

a Consider various ecoregions of Nebraska and the differences in plant material

i Tallgrass Prairie

ii Central Mixedgrass Prairie

iii Sand Prairies

iv Western Mixedgrass Prairie

b How havewill these ecoregions change with changes in the climate

c Discussion

6 Basic flower leaf stem anatomy Use key to identify some floral samples

a How to identify plants a basic anatomy lesson It would be nice to have samples

b Can be done with photographs classroom samples etc

7 Native plants of Nebraska how to identify

a Learning Family patterns - mustards gooseberries asters lilies grasses sedges rushes

b Nebraskarsquos floral diversity httpplantsusdagovjavastateSearch

c Learning plant family patterns


5

Reading ListResources

Field Guide to Wildflowers of Nebraska and the Great Plains ndash Jon Farrar ndash Nebraska Game and Parks

Commission ndash University of Iowa Press

Grassland Plants of South Dakota and the Northern Great Plains ndash James R Johnson ndash South Dakota

State University College of Agricultural and Biological Sciences ndash South Dakota Agricultural Experiment

Station ndash B 566

The Flora of Nebraska Second Edition (MP-47b) 2011 967 pp Kaul Robert B Sutherland David

Rolfsmeier Steven

The Nebraska Legacy Project ndash State Wildlife Action Plan ndash 2nd edition 2011 Selected Sections

Natural Communities A Coarse Filter 8-19

Promote Management that is more compatible with Conserving Biological Diversity ndash Pages 40-

Tallgrass Prairie Ecoregion - Pages 61 -101

Mixedgrass Prairie Ecoregion ndash Pages 103 ndash 137

Sandhill Ecoregion Pages 139 ndash 170

Shortgrass Prairie Ecoregion ndash Pages 171 203

Appendix 7 Terrestrial natural communities of Nebraska Page 251-264

Guide to Nebraskarsquos Wetlands and their Conservation Needs Ted LaGrange Nebraska Game and Parks

Commission 2005

Conservation Trees for Nebraska ndash Nebraskarsquos Natural Resources District ndash Nebraska Forest Service

Native Vegetation of Nebraska (Map Robert Kaul and Steven Rolfsmeier) 1993 UNL Conservation and

Survey Division (httpnebraskamapsunledu)

University of Nebraska State Museum Division of Botany

(httpmuseumunleduresearchbotanyindexhtml) ndash List of Nebraska Species Collections etc

Online key to plants of Nebraska can be found at

httpwwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsdetailss=16ampnavtype=SUBNAVIGATIONampcid=stelp

rdb1044954ampnavid=120160320130000amppnavid=120000000000000ampposition=Not20Yet20Determin

edHtmlampttype=detailamppname=PLANTS20Interactive20ID20Keys2020Introduction20|20NR

CS

httpplantsusdagovintro_to_plants_1211pdf - a really good online reference about plants

including a list of plants by state


6

Ecology of Nebraska

Developed and Adopted by Keanna Leonard Education Director Rowe Sanctuary kleonardaudubonorg

Ecology in a nutshell

Ecology is part of biology that deals with the relationship between organisms and their environment

Ecology is a science Environmentalism is a cause with or without scientific backing Conservation

Biology is the integration of Ecology and Environmentalism using science to influence political cause

Central to ecological study is habitat the special location where an animalrsquos lives What an animal

does in its habitat its profession or how it survives and adapts is its niche A niche is the product of

evolution and once it is established no other species in the community can evolve to exploit the exact

same resources (Competitive exclusion principle) Therefore different species are able to form an

ecological community in which each has a different role in their shared environment

From the Integrated Principles of Zoology 1996 Hickman Roberts Larson

Without habitat there are no animals It is that simple ndash Wildlife Habitat Canada

The richness of the earthrsquos biomass is organized into a hierarchy of interacting units

The individual organism the population the community the ecosystem

Ecosystem Ecology An ecosystem is a complex self-sustaining natural system with living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic)

components

The abiotic component of an ecosystem is defined by physical parameters such as temperature altitude

light and moisture Chemical features such as nutrients establish the quality of the ecosystem

The biotic component or the populations of plants animals and microorganisms of an ecosystem can be

grouped as

Producers - algae green plants and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

autotrophs ndash use energy from sun to synthesize sugars from carbon dioxide and

water by photosynthesis

Consumers - carnivores herbivores omnivores parasites and decomposers

Decomposers - consumers that perform final breakdown of complex organic materials

into inorganic materials

Decomposers and other consumers are heterotrophs that consume autotrophs

Energy Flow through the ecosystem Photosynthesis - Sunlight (energy) is absorbed by chlorophyll (the green pigment found in plants)


7

This energy is used to synthesize sugar (carbohydrates) from carbon dioxide and water

By-product of photosynthesis is oxygen

Food Chain - A feeding sequence used to describe the flow of energy and materials in an ecosystem

Example grass (producer) gt deer (consumer) gtcoyote (consumer) gt decomposer

Food Web - Intertwined food chains

Trophic Levels - Each step in the food chain

At each step 80-90 of available energy is lost as heat Most of the fuel obtained in

food is used to stay alive Because of this fact trophic levels are usually limited to four

or five There are more producers (plants) than herbivores (plant-eaters) and more

herbivores than carnivores Carnivores can be further divided by into first- second-

top-level consumers

Nutrient Cycles or Biogeochemical Cycles All essential elements for life are derived from the environment (air rocks soil and water)

There are four cycles that return these elements to a useable form for life to continue

The Water (hydrologic) Cycle The paths water moves through earthrsquos ecosystems in its various states (vapor liquid solid)

Water is the only substance on earth that exists naturally in all three states

The Carbon Cycle All living things contain carbon Carbon is what makes organic molecules organic or living Carbon is the

basic element found in carbohydrates proteins and fats

Plants take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis Animals eat the plants Animals release carbon

dioxide when they breathe (respire) and when they die and decompose Plants take it up again

Decomposing organic material will also leach carbon into the ground forming fossil fuels Other stores

of carbon include peat cellulose found in plants and water The cycling of carbon is linked to the flow

of energy through a system

The Phosphorus Cycle ATP (adenosine triphosphate) the energy molecule created by every living thing contains phosphorous

Our DNA and RNA the molecules that form our genes require phosphorous to bond together Bone

tissue also contains phosphorous

Plants take up phosphorous then the plants are eaten by animals Animals release phosphorous by

defecating and decomposing Plants also release phosphorous through decomposition Phosphorous is

then reabsorbed by plants or becomes part of sediments that forms rock As rocks erode phosphorous

is released into water and soil to be taken up by plants


8

The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen is essential in forming proteins and nucleic acids The atmosphere has a high concentration of

nitrogen but is not usable to living organisms in its gaseous form The nitrogen cycle converts this gas

into usable forms

This cycle is the most complex because nitrogen can be found in several different forms Parts of the

cycle include

Nitrogen Fixation ndash Nitrogen is fixed or converted into ammonia and nitrates by bacteria lightning and

ultraviolet radiation in the soils and root nodules of some plants (legumes or beans) Nitrogen

fixation does not allow nitrogen to convert back to gaseous nitrogen

Nitrification ndash Other bacteria can take the ammonia and oxidize it into nitrite Nitrite is further

processed into nitrate

Denitrification and Ammonification - Plants absorb nitrates and ammonia from the soil and use

them to build organic compounds Animals eat the plants or other animals Animal waste

contains nitrogen in the forms of ammonia urea and uric acid

Denitrification is the process of decomposing bacteria converting nitrate back to nitrogen gas

Ammonification is the process of other decomposing bacteria converting organic compounds to

ammonium ions

Communities amp Populations A community is the living (biotic) portion of an ecosystem Within the community each population of

organisms has a habitat and a niche A community is usually dominated by a single species or a limited

group of species that impact the local environment (Example Tallgrass Prairie) Other species adapt to

conditions created by the dominant species If a dominant species is removed two scenarios can occur

Another species will take its place and not change the ecosystem in general Or the whole community is

changed If the community is drastically altered the species is considered a keystone species

A population is a group of same organisms that occur in the same community

Habitat is the place where an organism normally lives Basic components of habitat are food water

shelter and space Habitat is the organismrsquos physical surroundings and its niche is its profession or role

it plays in the community No two species can occupy the same niche at the same time (competitive

exclusion principle)

Population Interactions Competition ndash an overlap of some degree of two populationrsquos niches in such a way that they are

competing for the same resource(s) (food shelter water space etc)

Symbiosis - two populations living together in a community in close association There are

several types of symbiosis


9

Mutualism ndash the relationship is mutually beneficial (lichens)

Commensalisms ndash one population receives benefits and the other neither benefits or is

harmed (intestinal bacteria)

Parasitism ndash one population benefits and the other is harmed (ticks)

Synergism ndash two populations accomplish together what neither could do on their own

Another type of relationship is called predation-prey relationship where one population captures and

feeds on another Predators have more than one prey species but normally feed on the most

abundant As one prey species declines in population predators will switch to another more abundant

species

Natural selection favors the most efficient predator and at the same time prey that can escape

predation

Adaptation is a change in structure physiological process or behavior that evolved by natural selection

and improves an organismrsquos ability to survive and reproduced

MAD Law ndash Move Adapt or Die

Population growth Populations grow until they reach certain environmental limitations called limiting factors These

factors can either be physical or biotic ndash from predation to limited space for nesting

When a population reaches its maximum density that the environment can support it is said that it has

reached its carrying capacity A population cannot go beyond the carrying capacity for long without

consequences

In a community an orderly predictable replacement of populations normally occurs over time Certain

populations will dominate and then decline to be replaced by new dominant populations A community

at the last stage of succession is called the climax community

Biodiversity Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms in a given ecosystem and is described at three

levels

Genetic Diversity ndash the variety of genes in a population Genetic Diversity shapes the

potential of individuals to survive and reproduce and as a population to adapt and evolve

Species Diversity ndash the number of species within a community

Ecosystem Diversity ndash the organizational and functional diversity of the ecosystem


10

Three measures are used when studying biodiversity

Composition ndash the number of genes species or ecosystems in a given area

Structure ndash the distribution of genes species or ecosystems

Function - the ecological processes accomplished by genes species or ecosystems

Biodiversity is important to maintain a stable ecosystem vast storehouse of untapped resources for

medicine food energy etc

Ecoregions in Nebraska

The Central Flyway There are four major North American flyways ndash the Atlantic the Mississippi the Central and the Pacific Flyways Except along the coasts the flyway boundaries are not always sharply defined and both in the northern breeding and southern wintering grounds there is overlapping Every year millions of migrating birds travel the Central Flyway The ldquohourglassrdquo route narrows in central Nebraska The eighty mile stretch of Platte River (Big Bend area) between Lexington and Grand Island serves as a month long stop over for around 600000 sandhill cranes and endangered whooping cranes This stretch of river has shallow wide-open water to provide cranes some security from predators when roosting and grain fields and wet meadows for eating and loafing

The Platte River

The Platte River begins near the city of North Platte Nebraska with the convergence of the North Platte and South Platte Rivers The Platte the largest braided river in North America snakes 310 miles eastward and empties into the Missouri River south of Omaha Nebraska drains about 29800 square miles of land along its route The South Platte River originates as snowmelt in central Colorado meandering 450 miles towards North Platte The North Platte River also begins as snowmelt in north central Colorado and runs 665 miles before converging with the South Platte

The Big Bend Region

The central or Big Bend Region of the Platte River between Grand Island and Lexington has long been recognized as critical staging area for half million sandhill cranes millions of geese and ducks and for the highly endangered whooping crane It is also important nesting habitat for endangered piping plovers and least terns and threatened eagles as well as year around habitat for other wildlife The Platte River is a broad shallow braided river dotted with small itinerant sandbars up to the huge islands In the early 1800rsquos the Platte was one to two miles wide Water depth ranged from dry to eight feet deep The islands were scoured each spring by the rush of snowmelt from the Rockies that removed vegetation from the sandbars washed into sloughs and recharged the surrounding soils Fires suppressed tree growth along most of the shoreline Protected islands and areas of shoreline grew cottonwoods and willows This diversity was excellent habitat for wildlife But in less than 100 years it changed Man has diverted over 70 percent of the Plattersquos average annual flow for use in irrigation and industry ( comes back to the river via groundwater) Fires have been controlled Floods and ice no longer clear the islands of vegetation With less water in the river wet meadow soils are not recharged with water seeping from the river Bridges restrict flows and deep


11

gravel pits alter the shoreline This taming of the Platte River is causing it to lose the very characteristics that make it unique and attractive to native wildlife The wide channels now must be maintained by mechanically clearing sand bars and low islands Audubon and other conservation organizations spend a considerable amount of time and money each year to keep the river clear The Platte River valley is now characterized by forest shrub and sandbar vegetation on the river floodplain lowland prairie and cultivated fields on the river terraces and an upland prairie on the loess bluffs along the ancient river escarpment The floodplain forest shrub and sandbar communities have developed on coarse textured alluvial soils adjacent to the river channel The forest communities have open canopies and are dominated by cottonwoods with an understory of red cedar and rough-leaf dogwood Green ash hackberry American elm red mulberry and slippery elm also occur in these areas Adjacent to the major river channel and in areas where the forests are limited to a narrow strip along the river bank low shrub islands and vegetated sandbars predominate Peach-leaf willow sandbar willow and indigo bush are the dominate shrub species Lovegrass nutsedge barnyard grass cocklebur and scattered willow and cottonwood seedlings characterize the vegetation on the low shrub islands and recently exposed sandbars

One of the sanctuaryrsquos most important tasks has been functioning as Audubonrsquos footprint on the Platte

River Audubon played a significant role in many battles to limit development on the Platte the final

being the defeat of Two Forks Dam near Denver in 1992 Today Audubon along with the Platte River

Whooping Crane Maintenance Trust the National Wildlife Federation Fish and Wildlife and Nebraska

Game and Parks plays a major role in keeping the river in its current condition One such program is

maintaining the wide channels on parts of the river which must be done mechanically to clear sandbars

and low islands

Tallgrass Prairie Ecoregion

Introduction

Once extended from eastern Nebraska to Indiana and from Texas to southern Canada

Today less than 1 remains

Approximately 2 of the remaining tallgrass prairie is found in Nebraska o Covers eastern fourth of state and extends along stream valleys of the Republican

Loup Platte and Niobrara

Shaped by glaciers wind and water

Mainly rolling hills intersected by stream valleys

Elevation from east to west 850 to 1700 feet above sea level

Receives 25-36 inches of annual precipitation

Average highs in the 90 degrees and lows of 10 degrees

Two major rivers o Missouri River

States largest river flowing approximately 350 miles in Nebraska


12

Drains approximately 529350 square miles of land (including entire state of NE) Forms eastern and northern boundaries of tallgrass prairie Historically more a mile wide and up to 20 feet deep with abundant sandbars

and forested island

Floodplain was a mosaic of oxbow lakes backwater marshes wet prairies and forests

Platte River ndash prairie river o Historically shallow braided channel up to 3 miles wide with many sandbars

Floodplain 15 miles wide and covered with lush wet meadows and freshwater marshes

Spring floods limited tree growth and created barren sandbars o Other streams include Papio Creek Turkey Creek and Bazile Creek

Wetland types o Saline wetlands

Found in the floodplain of Salt Creek and its tributaries in Lancaster and Saunders counties

Salinity originates from groundwater passing through an underground rock formation containing salts deposited by an ancient sea that once covered

Nebraska

o Todd Valley playas Small clay-lined depressions Seasonally and temporarily flooded Found in an ancient valley of the Platte called the Todd Valley

Vegetation of Tallgrass Prairies

Dominant vegetation ndash big bluestem Indiangrass switchgrass and Canada wildrye o Can reach six feet or taller

Hundreds of spp of wildflowers and forbs o Showy goldenrod prairie blazing star sky blue aster amp purple coneflower

Native woodland found mainly in fire-protected stream valleys and bluffs o Found in floodplains - Cotton woods willows boxelders American elms

Drier river bluffs o Oaks hickories basswood black walnut etc o Essential habitat for migrating birds

Wet meadows found in stream valleys o Sedges spike rushes prairie cordgrass and switchgrass

Marshes o Broad-leaf cattail bulrushes bur reed smartweeds and arrowheads


13

Birds

More than 300 spp of resident and migratory birds

Nesting waterbirds include o Wood duck green heron northern pintail blue-wing teal mallard

Grassland birds include o Henslowrsquos sparrow dickcissel grasshopper sparrow bobolink vesper

sparrow and Swainsonrsquos hawk

Woodland birds include o Bellrsquos vireo blank-and-white warbler rose-breasted grosbeak orchard oriole

Mammal

More than 55 mammals o Plains pocket gopher prairie vole plains pocket mouse thirteen-line ground squirrel

Franklinrsquos ground squirrel o Prior to European settlement

Bison elk mule deer mountain lion black and grizzly bear gray wolf Larger animals include coyote bobcat least and long-tailed weasel mink

Fish

More than 75 species of fish Amphibians and Reptiles

53 species of amphibians and reptiles o 2 salamanders 5 toads 6 frogs 8 turtles 8 lizards and 24 snakes

Eco-tourism amp Wildlife Viewing

Henry Doorly Zoo in Omaha Childrenrsquos Zoo in Lincoln

Ak-Sar-Ben Aquarium Ponca State Park

Mahoney State Park Platte River State Park

Two Rivers State Recreation Area Branched Oak

Homestead National Monument Ashfalls Fossil Beds State Park

Migrating birds Fontenelle Forest Indian Cave State Park Schramm State Park

Tallgrass prairie Audubonrsquos Spring Creek Prairie south of Denton amp Nine-Mile Prairie

Canoeing hiking biking

Elkhorn River Platte River

Cowboy Trail Steamboat Trace Trail

MoPac East Trail Oak Creek Trail

Driving Tours

Nebraska Scenic Byway Outlaw Trail Scenic Byway

Heritage Highway Lewis and Clark Scenic Byway


14

Mixedgrass Prairie

Introduction

Transition zone between tallgrass and shortgrass prairies o Have characteristics of both o Plant composition varies considerably depending of soil type topography weather and

land use

Elevation east to west 1650 to 3000 feet above sea level

Climate - Semiarid o Average annual precipitation from 28 inches in the east to 20 inches in the west o Average annual temperature from 52-57 degrees - Frost-free period 150 ndash 190 days

General topography o Level broad plains rolling hills in north-central part steep sloops with deep drainages in

the southwest o Mostly covered with windblown silt o Ogallala aquifer underlies most of the Ecoregion

Alluvial aquifers along streams

Streams o Platte Republican Loup Niobrara Blue rivers ndash all eventually drain into Missouri River

Wetlands o Rainwater Basin ndash playa wetlands formed by wind with a clay pan to hold water

Found in south-central Nebraska Once contained more that 4000 major wetlands National importance for migrating birds

o Central Table Playas ndash found mostly in Custer County on top of hills o Subirrigated Wet Meadows ndash found along Platte and Loup Rivers

Transected with old river channels swales and sloughs o Riverine Wetlands ndash found along streams

Include oxbows and other semi-permanent wetlands o Sandhill Wetlands ndash found in sandy areas close to Platte and Loup Rivers o Formed where groundwater reaches surface

Vegetation

Tallgrass spps tend to dominate in the east and along floodplains and shortgrass spps found further west (drought resistant)

Hilltops dominated by buffalograss and blue grama

Hill sides dominated by medium-stature grasses ndash side-oats grama little bluestem western wheatgrass and sand dropseed

Lower slopes and valleys ndash big bluestem Indiangrass switchgrass and Canada wildrye

Hundreds of forbs found including o Prairie clover Illinois bundle flower wild alfalfa deer vetch leadplant prairie

coneflower stiff sunflower and blazing star

Historically less than 1 covered with woodlands ndash mostly close to streams o Trees - Eastern cottonwood green ash hackberry red cedar o Shrubs ndash roughleaf dogwood false indigo sandbar willow o Some native oaks and black walnut can be found on steeper slopes

Wet meadows and wet prairies


15

o Woolly sedge spike rush prairie cordgrass o Federally endangered prairie white-fringed orchid o State endangered saltwort

Playa wetlands (Rainwater Basin and Central Tables area) o Seasonally flooded - River bulrush common cattail smartweed o Temporarily flooded ndash spike rush flatsedge plains coreopsis o More permanent - bladderwort pondweed duckweed

Riparian wetlands ndash switchgrass scouring rush bedstraw

Sandhill wetlands ndash cattail bulrush smartweed

Birds

More than 350 spps of resident and migratory birds o Grasshopper and field sparrow dickcissel western meadowlark bobolink northern

bobwhite ring-necked pheasant northern harrier and greater prairie chicken o Platte River

Over 300 spps with 141 known to nest o Sandhill cranes endangered whooping cranes

o Rainwater Basin Over a dozen spps of waterfowl including 13 of northern pintails 50 of North

Americans mallards 90 of mid-continentrsquos white-fronted geese Approximately 3000000 shorebirds

o Thousands of Swainsonrsquos hawks migrate through the region Mammals

Many species of mammals but none that are only found in mixedgrass prairies Fish ndash Diverse range of species

Reptiles and amphibians

Spiny softshell turtles western painted turtles and snapping turtles in wet areas

Ornate box turtle in native grasslands

Northern water snake ndash only aquatic snake found

Prairie rattlesnake only poisonous snake found

Smooth green snakes and red-bellied snakes are two of the more rare snakes

3 lizards found ndash northern earless prairie racerunner northern prairie lizards

Tiger salamander only salamander found

Frogs and toads common


Sandhill cranes - Rowe Sanctuary amp Roadside viewing sites constructed by Central Platte NRD

Waterfowl viewing - Rainwater Basin

Massie Waterfowl Production Area with an observation tower (Clay Center)

Funk Waterfowl Production Area and Sacramento-Wilcox Wildlife Management Area o Handicapped accessible blinds

Bald eagle viewing ndash J-2 Power Station near Lexington Harlan County Lake Sherman Lake and Rowe Sanctuary

Prairie chicken viewing- Calamus Outfitters near Calamus Reservoir


16

Sandhills Motel ndash Mullen

Walking Trails ndash Rowe Sanctuary Kearney Hike-Bike Trail Harlan County Lake Funk Harvard and Massie Waterfowl Production Areas Lake Seldom at Holdrege

Best way to find out about birding trails is to go to wwwnebraskabirdingtrailscom o Some are ndash Chicken Dance Trail Rainwater Basin Loops

Sandhills

Introduction

19300 square miles of north-central Nebraska o Largest dune system in the western hemisphere o One of the largest grass-stabilized dune regions in the world o Majority of the region is in relatively natural state

Sandhills young geologically speaking o Dunes aligned primarily in a northwesterly to southeasterly direction with prevailing

winds o Some dunes over 400 feet in height o Soils poorly developed with a thin layer of topsoil o High infiltration rate (up to 10 feet per day) o High water table ndash almost 2000 shallow lakes and over a million acres of wetlands

Most lakes and wetlands at headwaters of streams amp in poorer draining areas in western areas

Most wetlands and lakes pH neutral but alkaline wetlands and lakes common in the west where salts and carbonates accumulate

Fens ndash Sandhills contains some of Great Plains largest ones

Streams of the region o North and Middle Loup Calamus Cedar Dismal ndash flow from groundwater discharge o Niobrara River ndash only river that originates out of the region (starts in Wyoming)

Climate o Semiarid ndash annual precipitation ndash 23 inches in east to 17 inches in west

Vegetation

700 native plants spps

Sandhills dune prairie plant community o Mixture of sand-adapted grasses ndash sand bluestem prairie sandreed little bluestem and

hairy grama o Forbs ndash stiff sunflower bush morning glory plains gayfeather o Shrubs ndash sand cherry leadplant prairie rose and yucca

Sandhills dry valley prairie community o Grasses - Big Bluestem Indiangrass switchgrass o Forbs ndash western ragweed white sage and prairie coneflower o Shrubs ndash leadplant Arkansas rose western wild rose

Blowouts o Federal and state threatened blowout penstemon

Native woodlands ndash uncommon o Eastern cottonwood peachleaf willow coyote willow chokecherry wild plum and

snowberry

Middle Niobrara River valley largest woodland in sandhills


17

o South facing bluffs -Oak basswood black walnut green ash o Canyons ndash Paper birch quaking aspen o North river bluffs ndash ponderosa pine o Referred to as a biological crossroads

Wet meadows o Sedges spike rushes prairie cordgrass switchgrass o Shrubs - Sandbar willow false indigobush

Alkaline wet meadows o Inland saltgrass foxtail barley alkali sacaton meadow bluegrass and scratchgrass

Fens o Contain 20 at-risk plant species including bog bean cottongrass and marsh marigold

Freshwater marshes o Ripgut sedge common reed smartweeds bulrush cattail duckweed coontail

Alkaline marshes ndash alkaline-tolerant plants Birds

More that 300 species of birds o Sharp-tailed grouse and greater prairie chicken o Long-billed curlew (sandhills important breeding site)

Upland sandpiper vesper sparrow lark bunting grasshopper sparrow western meadowlark High concentration of northern harriers and ferruginous hawks

Important breeding area for mallards blue-wing teal pintail

American Bird Conservancy calls the area the ldquoBest grassland bird place in the United Statesrdquo Mammals

55 species of mammals but not specific to the Ecoregion Fish

75 species of fish

Rare spps ndash blacknose shiner pearl northern redbelly and finescale daces o Species cutoff from principle range

Amphibians and Reptiles

27 species o One salamander 3 toads 4 frogs 6 turtles 4 lizards 9 snakes


Crescent Lake Fort Niobrara Valentine National Wildlife Refuges

Nebraska and Samuel R McKelvie National Forests

Niobrara Valley Preserve (TNC property) with 2 bison herds

Merritt Reservoir Calamus Reservoir

Niobrara Wild and Scenic River o Over 10 outfitters in Valentine area for canoeing kayaking and tubing

Dismal Loup and Cedar rivers also offer canoeing and tubing

Niobrara Valley Preserve

Swan Lake Motor Route

Sandhills Scenic Byway (Hwy 2) ndash one of the top 10 scenic highways in the nation


18

Stargazing ndash Nebraska Star Party near Valentine in August

Cowboy Trail (will be the nationrsquos longest rails-to-trails conversion)

Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction

Found in western Nebraska

High diversity of habitats

Dramatic changes in elevation and topography

Soils range from sand to clay-loam to hard sandstone

Annual precipitation 12-17 inches ndash humidity generally low

Annual average temperature 47-50

Topography o Truest form of shortgrass prairie found in Banner Cheyenne Deuel and Kimball counties o Mixedgrass and sandsage prairies in southeast of Ecoregion o Wildcat Hills bluff formation found in Scottsbluff amp Morrill counties o Relic sandhill extend through Morrill and Sioux counties o Pine Ridge found in northern Dawes Sheridan and Sioux counties

Streams o North Platte River Lodgepole Creek Upper Niobrara and White Rivers o 5 large reservoirs and a number of smaller artificial lakes o Playas found throughout the region

Vegetation

Shortgrass Prairie o Buffalograss blue grama side-oats grama purple threeawn (grass height 10 inch) o Over 100 spps of forbs o Milkvetch scarlet guara cutleaf ironplant prickly pear purple locoweed scurfpea

prairie coneflower scarlet globe mallow

Mixedgrass Prairie o Blue grama prairie sandreed threadleaf sedge needle-and thread grass little bluestem

western wheatgrass (grass height 18-24 inches) o Shrubs

Skunkbush sumac winterfat fringed sage snowberry yucca broom snakeweed o Over 100 species of Forbs o Scarlet guara dotted gayfeather skeleton plant cutleaf ironplant scurfpea scarlet

globe mallow o Within the mixedgrass prairie ndash 2 unique communities found

Northwestern mixedgrass amp Loess mixedgrass prairie

Sandhill dune prairie and sandsage prairies o Sandsage sand bluestem blue grama prairie sandreed needle-and-thread yucca o Forbs ndashsand-lily desert goosefoot plains sunflower bush morning glory showy

impomopsis

Western alkaline meadows along the North Platte o Inland saltgrass alkali sacaton field sedge foxtail barley meadow bluegrass o Forbs ndash spearscale alkali aster camphor daisy thelypody


19

Ponderosa pine woodlands o Ponderosa pine quaking aspen green ash Saskatoon serviceberry chokecherry dwarf

juniper fragrant sumac mountain mahogany wolfberry Kentucky bluegrass littleseed ricegrass

Riparian woodlands o Cottonwoods peachleaf willows green ash boxelder Sandbar willow wild plum

chokecherry buffaloberry horsetail sedges marsh muhly and cordgrass

Badlands o Saltbush rabbitbrush poverty weed Russian thistle

Birds

More that 300 species of birds found

Shortgrass birds o McCownrsquos and Chestnut-collared longspurs Brewerrsquos sparrow horned lark burrowing

owl and state threatened mountain plover

Mixedgrass birds o Western meadowlark grasshopper sparrow lark bunting

Pine Ridge birds o Lewisrsquo woodpecker pygmy nuthatch ovenbird mountain bluebird

Wetland birds o Canada geese mallard northern pintail shorebirds

Mammals

White-tail and mule deer elk pronghorn bighorn sheep coyotes bobcats mountain lions prairie dogs federally endangered black-footed ferret river otter black-tailed jackrabbit badger pocket gopher grasshopper mouse

Fish

Many gamefish state threatened finescale dace endangered blacknose shiner etc Amphibians and Reptiles

Include western striped chorus frog Woodhousersquos toad bullsnake prairie rattler lesser earless lizard horned lizard ornate box turtle and painted turtle

Ecotourism amp Wildlife

Lake McConaughy (largest reservoir in state)

Lake Ogallala

Pine Ridge area o Ft Robinson State Park o Chadron State Park o Nebraska National Forest (Pine Ridge Unit) o Soldier Creek Wilderness

Oglala National Grassland and Toadstool Geologic Park

Wildcat Hills Nature Center in Gering

Scotts Bluff National Monument

Chimney Rock

Agate Fossil Beds National Monument


20

Endangered Species Act

The Endangered Species Act provides a program for the conservation of threatened and endangered

plants and animals and the habitats in which they are found The US Fish and Wildlife Service and the

Department of the Interior maintain the list of 632 endangered species (326 plants and 306 animals) and

190 threatened species (112 animals and 78 plants)

The law is written to prohibit any action that results in taking or injuring a listed species or negatively affects habitat Also prohibited is the import export interstate or foreign trade of listed species

Nebraskarsquos Endangered amp Threatened Species

State Status Federal Status

Birds Bald Eagle Threatened Threatened

Piping Plover Threatened Threatened

Mountain Plover Threatened Proposed Threatened

Whooping Crane Endangered Endangered

Eskimo Curlew Endangered Endangered

Interior Least Tern Endangered Endangered

Mammals River Otter Threatened

Southern Flying Squirrel Threatened

Black-footed Ferret Endangered Endangered

Swift Fox Endangered

Black-tailed Prairie Dog Candidate

Plants Western Prairie Fringed Orchid Threatened Threatened

Utersquos Ladyrsquos Tresses Threatened Threatened

Ginseng Threatened

Small White Ladyrsquos Slipper Threatened

Colorado Butterfly Plant Endangered Threatened

Saltwort Endangered

Hayden Penstemon Endangered Endangered

Insects American Burying Beetle Endangered Endangered

Salt Creek Tiger Beetle Endangered Candidate

Fish Lake Sturgeon Threatened


21

Northern Redbelly Dace Threatened

Finescale Dace Threatened

Blacknose Shiner Threatened

Topeka Shiner Endangered Endangered

Sturgeon Chub Endangered

Pallid Sturgeon Endangered Endangered

Reptiles amp Mussels Massasauga Threatened

Scaleshell Mussel Endangered Endangered

Information courtesy of Nebraska Game and Parks US Department of the Interior and the US Fish

and Wildlife Service

The Nuts and Bolts

Without habitat there are no animals

Every species has its niche

Understand the importance of biodiversity Know where the Platte River begins and ends understand its

makeup and where Rowe is located in the relationship to the river How Rowe plays a role in

conservation habitat maintenance and education Have an understanding of what constitutes the 4

major eco-regions in Nebraska

References Integrated Principals of Zoology by Cleveland P Hickman Jr Larry S Roberts Alan Larson (WmC

Brown Publishers 1996)

Zoology by Lawrence G Mitchell John A Mutchmor Warren D Dolphin (The BenjaminCummings

Publishing Company Inc 1988)

Biology the unity and Diversity of Life 7th Ed By Cecie Starr and Ralph Taggart (Wadsworth Publishing

Company 1995)

Nebraskarsquos Natural Legacy Project httpwwwngpcstateneuswildlifeprogramslegacyreviewasp

Cliffs Quick Review Biology by I Edward Alcamo PhD and Kelly Schweitzer PhD (Wiley Publishing 2001)

Biology for Dummies by Donna Rae Siegfried (Wiley Publishing Inc 2001)


22

Taxonomy in a Nutshell

Definitions

Classification is a systematic arrangement in groups or categories according to established

criteria

Taxonomy is the orderly classification of plants and animals according to their presumed natural

relationships

Binomial nomenclature (Binomial = 2 terms ndash Generic amp specific nomenclature = set of names)

is a system of naming in which each species of animal or plant is given a two tern Latin name

The first term identifies the genus to which the plantanimal belongs and is always spelled with

a capital letter The second term is the species of the plantanimal and is spelled with a lower

case letter This ldquoscientific namerdquo is usually printed in italics or underlined For example ndash Felis

concolor or Felis concolor

The Reason for ithellipWhy use taxonomy

Scientific taxonomic classification is a tool used through the world in an effort to catalog and compare

living things Zoologists now classify approximately 15 million animal species Each year about 10000

new species are added and it is estimated that more than 10 million different animal species may

actually exist on earth

Okay But why Latin

Common names of animals and plants vary from place to place even within a community For instance

the animal name above Felis concolor is known as puma mountain lion catamount panther and

several other local names So how does a biologist from Nebraska know that she and a scientist from

Scotland are talking about the same animalplant Throughout the scientific world Latin is recognized

as the universal language of scholars and scientists By referring to it by its Latin ldquoscientific namerdquo there

is no mistaking what animalplant they are referring to Latin also provides a source for decoding the

scientific name into something that tells you a little about the animalplant itself A translation often

provides a short description of the animal ie the giant anteaterrsquos species tridactyla actually means

three-toed

Background

The identification and comparison of different animals and plant species dates back to ancient times

Naturalists wrote herbals and bestiaries that were lists and descriptions of familiar organisms of a given

locality There was little interest in communicating outside a restricted region The advent of the

printing press led to broader dissemination of books and ideas Cataloging and comparing species on a

more comprehensive scale became possible As naturalists compiled their work they used many words


23

to describe a species by several characteristics sometimes defining one species in terms of another For

example the blue chair with the fluted arms the red chair like the blue chair with the fluted arms etc

Each authorrsquos system and terminology was different It is only comparatively recently that the

observation and study of the animal and plant world has begun to be organized along truly scientific

lines

Toward the middle of the eighteenth century the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus produced a general

classification of all living species and this system has formed the departure point for all subsequent

developments of taxonomy His system was ambitious and used polynomials some with fifteen words

An example is the oak with leaves with deep blunt lobes bearing hair-like bristles Although he

considered the polynomial name to be the true one he also made notes with two-term names The

current binomial system used today is based upon these notes His writings and those of other scientists

that came after him became the standard for all classifications Since Latin was the universal language

of scholarship his writings were all in Latin Actually his real name was Carl van Linne but he translated

that to Latin as well

In the course of the last couple of centuries naturalists have come to adopt two different forms of

investigation and comparison in their classification process First they studied the question of

adaptation to the environment the significance of diverse structures and behavioral patterns among

animal species and the reason why these different modes of behavior and lifestyles enable animals in

different surroundings to survive

Secondly they have tried to recognize affinities and relationships between the various species They

have attempted to identify the ldquofamily likenessesrdquo that often exist among species which live in different

environments and therefore may be quite unlike one another in outward appearance

As a result of all this research scientists have built up a system of classification which places every

animalplant species in a particular category according to its relationships with other animalsplants

This is taxonomy

Side note ndash genetic testing is now being used to help with classification

How does it Work

When a new animalplant is recognized and identified it is given a species name This may be a term

that describes it or identifies the person who first recognized it as a separate species Originally these

species names were assigned by the individual scientist that discovered them but now they are

assigned by international groups Once this species term is assigned it almost never changes In theory


24

it is never supposed to be changed even if it is later moved to a different genus family or class but over

the years there have been a few exceptions

The basis of taxonomy however is the genus This is the smallest grouping of related species When

taxonomy began there were relatively few identified species so species were grouped into genera and

there it ended As the body of knowledge grew so did the need for a broader system of grouping From

there the hierarchical system of classification based on natural features evolved

The current system works as follows

Individually related species are grouped into the same genus

The most closely related genera are grouped into the same family

Related families are grouped into an order

Orders are grouped into a related class

Similar classes are included in the same phylum

The phyla are then placed into the proper kingdom

Each of these categories may also contain sub- or super- subdivisions

Taxonomy is a constant work in progress As scientists learn more about different species their

classification may change Changes can reflect a clearer understanding of where the species fits in

among the others with similar characteristics Until recently we only had to contend with two kingdoms

ndash animal and plants Today scientists recognize a least five different kingdoms of living things

Monera ndash bacteria and blue-green algae

Protista ndash one-celled organism with nucleus

Plantea ndash green plants

Fungi ndash non-green plants

Animalia ndash animals


25

Fauna of Nebraska

Developed and Adopted by Keanna Leonard Education Director Rowe Sanctuary

Objectives for Fauna Mammals Amphibians amp Reptiles Birds 3-4 hours

1 Descriptions ndash (Mammals Amphibians and Reptiles birds --ndash IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS)

2 Vocabulary

3 Common Oderrsquos in Nebraska and examples

4 Nuts amp Bolts of Mammals How to ID amp locate specific animals and their evidence (possible

activity tracks traces etc) in Nebraska

MAMMALS IN A NUTSHELL Basic Characteristics

1 Mammary glands (hint the name) that

produce milk

2 Sweat glands

3 Sebaceous glands for oil

4 Presence of hair on the body at some time

during life span

5 Homiothermic Endotherm (warm blooded)--

regulate high body temperature

6 Four-chambered heart

7 Enucleated red blood cells

8 Have a diaphragm

9 Enlarged cerebral hemisphere

10 One bone in lower jaw and complex

dentition

11 3 middle ear bones

12 Turbinal bones in nasal chamber

13 Eggs develop in a uterus with

placental attachment and born alive

(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY

Altricial Born helpless

Arboreal Tree dwelling

Carnivore A mammal in the order Carnivora

Carnivorous Meat eating

Crepuscular Active at dusk and dawn

Diurnal Active during the day

Dominant Ruler or leader of others

Habitat Region where an animal lives

Herbivore An animal that eats only plants

Herbivorous Plant eating

Hibernation Winter period when certain

animals become inactive to a point in

where all body functions slow

considerably for a long period

Instinct Inherited mode of behavior

Mammal Animals that have hair on their

bodies (see other char above)

Marsupial Animals whose females have

pouches

Nocturnal Active during nighttime

Omnivore Animals that eats both meat and

plant material

Omnivorous Eating both meat and plant

material

Precocial Born in an advanced stage of

development and able to move about

Predator Animals that kills another animal for

food

Prehensile Grasping

Prey Animal hunted for food


26

Protective coloration Enables the animal to

blend in with surroundings

Reticulated Net-like pattern of skin

Terrestrial Ground dwelling

Viviparous Live birthing

There are 21 orders of mammals found in the world

Listed below are the orders and examples of common species found in Nebraska

More Species found in Core Curriculum Binder

Insectivores (shrews and moles)

Masked Shrew (Sorex cinereus)

Northern Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina

brevicauda) (venomous)

Least Shrew (Cryptotis parva)

Eastern Mole (Scalopus aquaticus)

Chiroptera (bats)

Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus)

Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis)

Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus)

Xenarthra

Nine-banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)

Lagomorpha Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) Black-tailed Jackrabbit (Lepus californicus)

Rodentia

Franklinrsquos Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus

franklinii)

Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel (S

tridecemlineatus)

Black-tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys

ludovicianus)

Plains Pocket Gopher (Geomys bursarius)(fur-

lined pouch)

Plains Pocket Mouse (Perognathus

flavescens)

Beaver (Castor canadensis)

Eastern Woodrat (Neotoma floridana)

Meadow Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus)

Muskrat (Ondtra zibethicus) (laterally

compressed tail)

Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatu

Carnivora Despite the name of the order not all are carnivorous Many are omnivores (most bears and raccoons)

and some are even herbivores (giant panda)

Most carnivorous mammals have 3 up and 3 down relatively small incisors and 1 up and 1 down large

canine teeth on both sides of the incisors

Common species found in this area include

Family Canidae Coyote (Canis latrans) Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

Family Procyonida Raccoon (Procyon lotor)

Family Mustelidae


27

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela nivalis)

Least Weasel (M nibalis)

Mink (Mustela vison)

Badger (Taxidea taxus)

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

River Otter (Lutra canadensis)

Family Felidae Bobcat (Felis rufus)

Artiodactyla Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) White-tailed Deer (O virginianus

References National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mammals by John O Whitake Jr Robert

Elman Carol Nehring (Alfred A Knoph Inc 1994)

Guide to Mammals of the Plains States By J Knox Jr Davide M Armstrong Jerry R Choate (University

of Nebraska Press 1985)

The Nuts and Bolts Know important characteristics especially-

Mammary glands Sweat glands Sebaceous glands Hair sometime during their life

4 chambered heart

Though these critters look like a rodent

Donrsquot confuse them for a moment

They sport small eyes and ears out of view

Their teeth are small sharp and more than a few

They are made up of one mole and shrews three

So in what ORDER can they be

Commonly seen species of Chiroptera number three And are known as the only mammals to swim through the air free They are normally seen at night and for finding food use echolocation rather than sight Now I know you know what they be But go ahead and name all three These mammals have what humans claim to be a disgusting habit of defecating undigested pellets and eating them again What are they Chewing the cud is normal for this group and so is walking on their two middle toes Name the common species found in this area


28

AMPHIBIANS

Basic Characteristics

1 Skin naked No scales or hair

2 Eggs do not have shells but are jelly like

Laid in clusters always in water

3 Ectodermic

4 Can breathe through permeable skin

5 Spend all or part of life in water

6 Adults are carnivores Size of head

determines size of prey

7 Incomplete lung development

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS

Reptiles

1 Ectodermic

2 Covered with scales or plates

3 Shed skin

4 Most not do not live in or around water

Amphibians

1 Ectodermic

2 Smooth slimy skin without scales

3 Do not shed skin


5 Go through metamorphose



Salamanders (Order Urodela)

Small-mouth Salamander (Ambystoma

texanum) Occurs in eastern Nebraksa

Tiger Salamander (A tigrinum) Occurs

throughout the state

Frogs and Toads (Order Anura) Thirteen species occur in Nebraska

Pelobatidae or Spadefoot Family

Plains Spadefoot (Spea bombifrons) Occurs throughout Nebraska expect southeast

Ranidae or True Frog Family Plains Leopard Frog (Rana blairi)

Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens)

Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana

Microhylidae or Narrow-mouthed Family Plains Narrowmouth Toad (Gastrophryne olivacea)


29

Bufonidae or Toad Family

American Toad (Bufo americanus) Occurs only

in eastern part of the state

Great Plains Toad (Bufo cognatus) Occurs


Woodhousersquos Toad (Bufo woodhousei) Occurs


Hylidae or Tree Frogs

Northern Cricket Frog (Acris crepitans) East

and central Nebraska

Western Striped Chorus Frog (Pseudacris

triseriata amp P maculata) Occurs throughout the

state

Copes Gray Treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) Found

in eastern part of state

Resources Reptiles and Amphibians of Nebraska ndash herpetology database httpsnrsunleduherpneb


30

REPTILES Basic Characteristics

1 Ectothermic (cold-blooded) Body temperature is the same as the temperature of its surroundings

2 Dry skin covered with scales or plates

3 Teeth if present are needle-like or conical

4 Skin shed in one piece or several pieces at intervals

5 Lay soft shelled eggs or young born alive in a membranous sac

6 Lung breathing

There are four groups

Lizards - Short-legged long-bodied reptiles

Taped tail Size varies from 4- inch long fence

swift to 10 foot Kamodo dragon

Snakes - Legates cousins of lizards

Turtles - Armored shells

Crocodilians - Crocodiles Alligators Caimans

REPTILE VOCABULARY

Antivenin An antidote to the venom of

venomous snakes produced by inoculating

horses with small doses of venom Horses build

up an immunity or resistance The horsersquos

blood is used to make the antivenin

Blue Stage Refers to the condition of a snake

prior to shedding

Carapace Dorsal (covering the back) shell

Constrictor A term used in describing a snake

that kills its prey by constriction

Ectothermic Not able to control body

temperature (Cold-blooded) Dependent upon

environment to control body temperature

Egg Tooth A sharp projection located in front

of nose on upper jaw Used by infant reptiles to

cut through eggshell

Fangs Grooved or tubular teeth used to inject

venom

Hemotoxin Venom that attacks the blood

Herpetologist A specialist in reptiles

Jacobsonrsquos Organ A tastesmell sense organ

with two small openings located on roof of

mouth

Thermal Pit A heat sensory pit on side of head

between nostril and eye Allows snakes to track

warm-blooded animals and to strike accurately

especially at night Found only in venomous

snakes known as pit vipers

Neurotoxin Venom that attacks the nervous

system

Oviparous Lays egg


31

Ovoviviparous Give birth to live young Egg

developed in female and then deposited as a

living young

Plastron Ventral (covering the belly) shell

Reticulated Net-like pattern on skin

Scales Folds of skin covering reptiles

Scutes Single section of shell each sell is made

up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison

Undulating Type of snake locomotion typical of

most snakes - Leaves ldquoSrdquo shape track

Venom Poisonous fluid secreted from glands

and transmitted by bite or sting

Venomous Describes animal containing venom

gland

Nuts amp Bolts of Reptiles

Most reptiles are carnivores (eat meat) Many will eat only live food Some are herbivores (eat

plant material) as well as insectivores (eat insects)

Reptiles often found in water or underground for protection from predators and to help

regulate body temperature Air temperature can change quickly but water and soil

temperature are more constant therefore it helps to regulate the reptiles body temperature

Because they are ectothermic many reptiles live in places that are warm year round In colder

climates reptiles hibernate underground below the freeze line

Most reptile lay eggs and are called oviparous Eggs are buried in sand soil rotted logs etc and

kept warm only by heart from the sun or from rotting vegetation Very few reptiles stay around

to protect their eggs Some reptiles keep their eggs inside their bodies until they hatch and

produce live young (ovoviviparous) Example - garter snakes Very few reptiles care for or feed

their young Young are precocial able to look after themselves minutes after they hatch

Most snakes are harmless Even snakes that are venomous will not bite unless they are

cornered or stepped on Snakes are good and necessary animals They help control potential

destructive populations of rodents


ORDER CHELONIA Basic Characteristics

1 Contains all forms of turtles and tortoises

2 Has body enclosed in a shell made of

modified horny scales and bone Shell made of

two parts Carapace - upper part covering

animalrsquos back Plastron-under part covering

animalrsquos stomach amp chest

3Ribs and most of vertebrae attached to shell

4 Neck long and flexible and can usually be

withdrawn into shell

5 Have no teeth but jaws outfitted with horny

beaks

6 All lay eggs Usually bury eggs in pit in sand or soil Hatchlings must dig themselves to the surface


32

Examples of Turtles found in Nebraska Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina)

Blandingrsquos Turtle (Emydoidea (Emys)

blandingii) Protected Species

False Map Turtle (Graptemys

pseudogeographica) Protected Species

Ornate Box Turtle (Terrapene ornata)

Smooth Softshell (Apalone mutica)

Spiny Softshell (Apalone spinifer

SUBORDER LACERTILA (lizards) Basic Characteristics

1 Dry scaly skin clawed feet external ear

openings

2Have movable eyelids - snakes do not

3 Males and females often show different

coloration

4 Generally diurnal but many nocturnal

(geckos night lizards Gila Monsters)

5 Courtship brief fertilization is internal

6 Most are egg layers

Examples of Lizards of Nebraska

Six-line Racerunner (Cnemidophorus sexlineatus Five-line Skink (Eumeces fasciatus)

Many-lined Skink (Eumeces mulitvirgatus)

Great Plains Skink (Eumeces obsoletus)

Slender Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus attenautus)

Lesser Earless Lizard (Holbrookia maculate)

Northern Prairie Lizard (fence lizard)

(Sceloporus undulates)

SUBORDER SERPENTES (Snakes) Basic Characteristics

1 Elongated scaly bodies (to protect from water

loss) no limbs external ear opening or eyelids

(eye covered with a clear scale)

2 Terrestrial subterranean arboreal

amphibious

3 Carnivores swallow prey whole

4 Continue to grow throughout their lives

6 Hibernate in colder climates

7 Males locate females by scent

8 Internal fertilization

9 Some lay eggs others bear live young

11 Vipers (venomous snakes) have heat-

sensing organs called thermal pits


33

12 Teeth slanted back If one is lost another drops down in itrsquos place

Examples of snakes found in Nebraska

Black Rat Snake (Elaphe obsoleta)

Great Plains Rat Snake (Elaphe guttata)

Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer)

Common Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula)

Eastern Hognose Snake (Heterodon

platyrhinos)

Western Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasicus)

Glossy Snake (Arizona elegans)

Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum)

Plains Garter Snake (Thamnophis radix)

Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)

Racer (Coluber constrictor)

Pit Vipers

Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) found in extreme southeast Nebraska

Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) Found in southeast Nebraska Protected Species

Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) Found in central and western parts of the state


Page | 34

Birds What Makes a Bird a Bird IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS

So what makes a bird a bird All birds share one common characteristic that no other animal has and

that is FEATHERS Other characteristics include

Maintain high constant body temperature Endotherms (warm-blooded)

Possess toothless beaks or bills

All lay hard-shelled eggs (oviparous)

Air sacs in birdrsquos body give buoyancy

Generally bones are hollow Decreases body weight

Four-chambered heart

Lend Me Your Ear Yes birds have ears but they are missing the pinna or outside part of the ear that collects sound Birds

have feather-covered openings on both sides of the head just behind the eyes Owls and other night-

flying birds have off-setting ears that allow them to pinpoint the exact position of prey

Can birds smell We are not quite sure how well most birds smell We do know vultures use the sense of smell to find

their dinner The champion bird sniffer belongs to kiwi found in New Zealand They are able to sniff out earthworms Some diving birds like cormorants cannot even breathe through their nostrils because they are sealed Ocean birds have special glands in their noses which eliminates salt from the salty water they drink

Eggs Birds lay hard-shelled eggs made mostly of carbon carbonate The hard shell keeps the egg from drying

out and allows parents to sit on it without damaging the developing chick Though the shells are hard it

does not mean that they are non-porous Microscopic pores allow the embryo to ldquobreatherdquo Carbon

dioxide and oxygen can pass through the shell

Eggs come in all sizes colors and patterns We believe that the different colors and patterns are

intended as camouflage Blue and green eggs are found in nests that are in the shade Patterned eggs

blend in with vegetation and stones and white eggs are normally found in cavities

The shape of eggs also depends on where a bird nests The most common shape is oval A pointed egg

is usually found near ledges Round eggs are generally found in highly secure nests


Page | 35

Commonly Seen Bird Families of Nebraska

Grebes (Family Podicipediae ndash rump foot)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Sleek diving waterbirds - small to medium size

Most have sharp pointed bills with fairly long necks short wings and almost no tail

Have lobed toes and legs set far back on body

Common Nebraska species - Pied-billed horned eared western and Clark grebes

Pelicans (Family Pelecanidae ndash an ax)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Very large waterbirds

Huge bills with large distensible pouches

Most are white with black flight feathers ndash wingspan 6-9 feet

Common Nebraska species ndash American White Pelican

Cormorants (Family Phalacrocoracidae ndash bald raven)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Large diving waterbird shaped like an elongated goose

Long neck and long bill hooked at the end

Wing span 3-5 feet Mostly dark in color

Common Nebraska species ndash Double-crested cormorant

Herons Egrets and Bitterns (Family Ardeidae - )

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Medium to large wading birds

Usually with long legs bills and S-shaped neck

Short rounded tails

Common Nebraska species ndash American and least bitterns great and snowy egrets little

blue egret cattle egret great blue green black-crowned night and

yellow-crowned night herons

Ibises (and Spoonbills) (Family Threskiornithidae ndash sacred bird)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Long necks and legs with a duck-like body

Long tapering down-curved bill Common Nebraska species ndash white-faced ibis


Page | 36

Vultures (Family Cathartidae ndash cleanser)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Large soaring scavengers

Resemble eagles and large hawks in flight

Head and neck void of feathers bill hooked

Hold wings in a raised V-shape (dihedral)

Common Nebraska species ndash turkey vulture

Duck Geese and Swans (Family Anatidae ndash waterfowl)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Medium to large waterbirds

Large heads with conspicuous and horizontally flattened bills

Long necks heavy bodies relative short tails webbed feet and long wingspan Major differences between duck geese and swans

Ducks

Smallest of the three Have a soft swelling about the nostrils called a cere

Males of most ducks are easily separated from females by their gaudier plumage Feathers are

molted twice a year

Most males change into nuptial plumage after pair formation in the fall There may be some

modification of shape of a single feather or entire regions of plumage

Most species are sexually mature at 9 - 11 months

Males take no part in incubation

Geese

Neck shorter than body

Lore (area between eye and bill) feathered and more bluntly triangular than ducksrsquo

Sexes are similar

Permanent pair bonding

Molt once per year postnuptially

Sexually mature at 3 years

Males protect female clutch and brood after hatching

Young stay with parents for almost a year

Legs of most geese are farther forward under the belly than those of typical swans and ducks

Swans

Longest necks - necks slightly longer than body

Lore is naked

Sexes are similar

Molt once per year postnuptially - parents molt one after the other so one is able to fly

Young are carried on parentsrsquo backs


Page | 37

Sexually mature at 4 -5 years

Hawks and Allies (Family Accipitridae ndash to grasp or take)

Medium to very large diurnal raptors

Hooked beak strong legs and sharp talons

Buteos (buzzard hawks)

Stocky with broad wings wide tails

Soar and wheel high in the sky

Common Nebraska species ndash red-shouldered broad-winged Swainsonrsquos red-tailed

ferruginous rough-legged hawks

Accipiters (true hawks)

Small heads short rounded wings longish tail slender bodies

Fly with several rapid beats and a glide Common Nebraska species ndash sharp-shinned hawk Cooperrsquos hawk northern goshawk

Harriers

Slim body with slim round-tipped wings

Fly in open country gliding low with wings lifted in a V (dihedral)

Species in Nebraska - northern harrier

Kites

Small falcon shaped buoyant gliders not power-fliers

Common Nebraska species ndash Mississippi Kite

Osprey

Soar high on long swept-back wings

Broad tail short-headed appearance

Often travel in pairs

Eagles

Large very broad bodied with broad long plank-like wings massive head and bill

Soar steadily holding wings flat out to the side

Powerful wing beat on upstroke wings raised high Common Nebraska species ndash bald and golden

Falcons (and caracaras) (Family Falconidae - )

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Small to large compact fast-flying raptors

Long pointed wings bent at the wrist - Strong rapid wing strokes

Common Nebraska species ndash American kestrel gyrfalcon peregrine falcon prairie falcon


Page | 38

Grouse Turkeys and Pheasants (Family Phasianidae ndash cock or fowl-like bird)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Ground dwelling birds with feather nostrils

Short strong bills and short rounded wings

Flight strong but brief

Males perform elaborate courting displays

Common Nebraska species ndash ring-necked pheasant sharp-tailed grouse greater

prairie chicken wild turkey

New World Quail ( Family Odontophoridae ndash bearing teeth)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Ground dwelling bird found in brushy habitat and other dense low foliage

Chunky rounded bodies and crests or head plumes

Chicken-like bill short rounded wings

Common Nebraska species - northern bobwhite

Rails and Coots (Family Rallidae - )

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Marsh birds with short tails and stubby wings

Secretive and identified chiefly by call and habitat

Rails are laterally flattened ldquoThin as a railrdquo Coots are plumper and gregarious

Common Nebraska species ndash yellow rail black rail king rail Virginia rail sora common

moorhen American coot

Cranes (Family Gruidae - )

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Tall stately wetland birds with long necks and long bills

Tertial flight feathers droop over rump in a bustle when standing

Fly with necks fully extended

Circle in thermals like raptors

Common Nebraska species - sandhill and whooping cranes

Plovers and Killdeer (Family Charadriidae ndash nocturnal waterbird)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Small to medium shorebirds that dart across the ground stop and then take off again Upright posture with medium length legs and long pointed wings

Rounded head large eyes thick neck with a short thick bill

Common Nebraska species ndash black-billed American golden snowy semipalmated piping

plovers and killdeer


Page | 39

Stilts and Avocets (Family Recurviostridae- bent bill)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Tall slim shorebirds

Long thin bill very long slender legs long neck striking black-and-white plumage Stilts have straight bills avocets have re-curved bills

Common Nebraska species ndash American avocets black-necked stilt

Sandpipers and Phalaropes and Allies (Family Scolopacidae ndash woodcock)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Diverse group of shorebirds

Long toes and long tapered wings

Bill and leg length varies but bill more slender than a ploverrsquos

Plumage browns grays and whites with reds and oranges during breeding season

All but one species have short elevated hind toe

Species found in Nebraska include common snipe ruddy turnstone phalaropes sandpipers

woodcocks godwits whimbrels willets etc

Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Medium sized chunky dark shorebird

Long straight bills and distinct pale eyebrows

Feed in mud or shallow water in a rapid jabbing motion

Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Often spin like a top in water when feeding

Female larger and more colorful than male

Male tends incubates and cares for chicks

Common Nebraska species ndash Wilsonrsquos and red-necked phalaropes

Gulls Terns and Allies (Family Laridae ndashsea birds)

Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

More robust with wider wings and longer legs than terns

Bill slightly hooked tail square or rounded - Seldom Dive

Common Nebraska species ndash Pomarine Jaeger Franklinrsquos little Bonapartersquos ring-

billed California Herring Thayerrsquos lesser black-backed glaucous

Sabinersquos gulls black-legged kittiwake


Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Graceful more streamline than gulls

Usually has a forked tail ndash most whitish with black cap

Sharp-pointed bill - Hoover and dive headfirst for fish

Common Nebraska species ndash Caspian common Foresterrsquos terns

Pigeons and Doves (Family Columbidae ndash dove)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Plump fast flying cooing voice

Short legs and necks and small heads short bills

Tail fan-like rounded or pointed

Pigeons larger than doves

Common Nebraska species ndash rock mourning Eurasian collared doves

Cuckoos Roadrunners and Anis (Family Cuculidae - )

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Slender with a long tail at least half of the birdrsquos total length

Fairly large sturdy decurved (curving down) bill

2 toes forward 2 back (zygodactyls)

Common Nebraska species - black-billed cuckoo and yellow-billed cuckoo

Barn Owls (Family Tytonidae -)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Slim medium sized night hunter

Legs are long and sparsely feathered

Large head with large forward-facing immovable eyes

Heart-shaped face hooked beak and ghostly appearance

Typical Owls (Family Stigidae ndash night bird)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Generally night hunters

Large heads flatten face with large forward-facing immovable eyes hooked beak

Mottled appearance some with feather tuffs upright stance

Common Nebraska species ndash eastern screech great horned burrowing barred long-eared

short-eared northern saw-whet owls


Page | 41

Nighthawks and Nightjars (Family Caprimulgidae ndashgoat sucker)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Nocturnal or crepuscular

Big tail large eyes tiny bills surrounding a large gaping mouth

By day sit horizontally on limb or on ground

Easiest to identify by voice

Common Nebraska species ndash common nighthawk common poorwill chuck-willrsquos-widow

Whip-poor-will

Swifts (Family Apodidae ndash without feet)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Small to medium sized aerial foragers ndashspend most of life flying

Long sickle-shaped wings bending close to body and extremely short legs

Eat bathe drink and sometime mate in the air

Common Nebraska species - chimney swift white-throated swift

Hummingbirds (Family Trochilidae ndash small bird)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Tiny body long slender bill

Distinctive blur and hum of hovering wings

Jewel-like throat feather found on male

Common Nebraska species ndash ruby-throated broad-tailed and rufous hummingbirds

Kingfishers (Family Alcedinidae - kingfisher)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Small to medium size

Thickset with short neck and tail small feet

Large head with a ragged crest and long strong bill

Sit on lines and low branches near water or hovers above water

Plunges head first into water to catch fish

Common Nebraska species ndash belted kingfisher

Woodpeckers (Family Picidae ndash woodpecker)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Arboreal (tree) birds

Vertical posture creep up trees

Strong chisel-like bill short legs stiff tail feathers rounded wings

Undulating flight pattern and characteristic bill drumming


Page | 42

Common Nebraska species ndash Lewisrsquos red-headed red-bellied hairy downy woodpeckers

yellow-bellied and red-naped sapsuckers northern flicker

THE PASSERINES Feet adapted to perching

Tyrant Flycatchers (Family Tyrannidae - lord ruler king)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Small to medium perching bird

Large head broad flattened bill pointed wings short legs

Bristly ldquowhiskersrdquo at base of bill

Sit upright on exposed branch and dart out to catch insects

Common Nebraska species - flycatchers pewees kingbirds phoebes kingbirds

Shrikes (Family Laniidae ndash butcher)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

ldquoButcher birdsrdquo ndash impale prey on thorns (may be to attract a mate and mark territory)

Robin-size bird with hooked bill and masked face with hawk-like behavior

Black gray and white birds

Common Nebraska species - northern and loggerhead shrike

Vireos (Family Vireondae ndash small bird)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Small olive- or gray-backed bird with short sturdy cylindrical slightly hooked bill

Can have wing bars and eye-rings or have eye stripes and no wing bars

Often confused with warblers but are chunkier bigger headed thicker billed

Common Nebraska species ndash white-eyed Bellrsquos yellow-throated plumbeous

Cassinrsquos blue-headed warbling Philadelphia red-eyed

Crows and Jays (Family Corvidae ndash raven)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Large perching bird with strong longish all-purpose bill to handle variety of foods

Nostrils covered with feathers

Legs scaled in front and smooth behind

Harsh voice and noisy

Bold gregarious

Common Nebraska species - black-billed magpie American crow


Page | 43

Larks (Family Alauidae ndash lark)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Ground dwellers of open fields ndash seldom seen in trees and shrub

Walk rather than hop have an elongated hind toe

Slender billed seed and insect eaters

Yellowwhite face with black facemask horns and breast band

Has musical song often sung in display flight

Common Nebraska species ndash horned lark

Swallows and Martins (Family Hirundinidae ndash swallow)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Slim streamline bodies with long pointed angled wings

Tail forked or squared legs and feet inconspicuous

Bill short and wide

Fluid aerialists ndash dart about catching insects

Flocks perch in long rows on branches and lines

Common Nebraska species ndash purple martin northern rough wing bank cliff barn swallows

Chickadees and Titmice (Family Paridae - )

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Small plump sociable birds with short bills and wings

Active agile ndash often hang upside down to feed

Many times roam in little bands (often leading the group) in search of food

Chickadee ndash no tuff of feathers on head Titmice ndash tufted Common Nebraska species ndash black-capped chickadee tufted titmouse

Nuthatches (Family Sittidae ndash birds that peck bark of tree)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Small stout tree-climbers with slightly upturned strong woodpecker-like bills

Stubby squared off tails

Walk down trees headfirst Common Nebraska species ndash red-breasted and white-breasted nuthatches

Creepers (Family Certhiidae -)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Small slim tree-dwellers with stiff tails and slender downward curving bill

Primarily brown

Common Nebraska species ndash brown creeper


Page | 44

Wrens (Family Troglodytidae ndash cave dweller

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Small stumpy energetic brown birds

Bill slightly down turned loud song

Tails often in ldquocockedrdquo or up-tilted position

Common Nebraska species ndash rock house winter marsh wrens

Kinglets (Family Regulidae -)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

TINY very active songbirds ndash only certain hummingbirds smaller

Can hover will feeding

Greenish plumage with bright colored crowns Short tails

Common Nebraska species ndash ruby-crowned and golden-crowned kinglets

Gnatcatchers (and Old World Warblers) (Family Sylviidae - )

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Small birds with slender pointed bills surrounded by rectal bristles

Drab plumage with seasonally changing head patterns

In constant motion

Common Nebraska species ndash blue-gray gnatcatcher

Thrushes (Family Turdidae -)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Large-eyed upright postured songbirds - known for their singing ability

Bill is slender straight but not sharp

Often hop along the ground looking for food

Common Nebraska species ndash eastern bluebird veery gray-cheeked Swainsonrsquos hermit

wood thrush American robin

Mockingbirds and Thrashers (Family Mimidae ndash imitator mimic)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Well known for their vocal and mimicking ability

Have short rounded wings long legs and tails

Long down-curved bills

Common Nebraska species ndash gray catbird northern mockingbird brown thrasher


Page | 45

Starlings (and Mynas) (Family Sturnidae - )

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Medium sized chunky glossy birds with short tails sharp bills

Short triangular to rounded wings

Gregarious bold birds

Pipits (and Wagtails) (Family Motacillidae -)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Slender billed brownish ground dwellers with long back toe

Walk briskly rather than hop along the ground

Most species bob their tails up and down

Common Nebraska species ndash American pipit

Waxwings (Family Bombycillidae ndash silk tail)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Birds with sleek crest that can be erected

Plump-bodied birds with pointed wings with red waxy tips of secondaries

Bill is small wide and notched high thin calls

Square tail with terminal yellow band

Common Nebraska species ndash Bohemian and cedar waxwings

Wood Warblers (Family Parulidae -)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Brightly colored (mostly yellow) birds

Smaller than sparrows with thin needle-like bills

Common Nebraska species ndash approx 34 warblers ovenbirds yellow-breasted chats and

waterthrush

New World Sparrows (Family Emberizidae -)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Small to medium-sized birds - often brown streaked appearance

Rounded wings cone-shaped bills

Common Nebraska species ndash 20 sparrows towhees longspurs dark-eyed juncos snow and

lark buntings

Cardinals and Allies (Family Cardinalidae )

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Medium to large songbirds

Have large cone-shaped bills


Page | 46

Males often very colorful

Common Nebraska species ndash northern cardinals rose-breasted and black-headed grosbeaks

indigo bunting dickcissel

Blackbirds Orioles and Allies (Family Icteridae)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Medium to large songbirds with strong straight bills

Strong-direct flight

Plumage varies from iridescent black to yellow to orange

Common Nebraska species ndash Bobolink eastern and western meadowlarks red-winged and

rusty blackbirds common and great-tailed grackles orchard Baltimore and

Bullockrsquos orioles brown-headed cowbird

Finches and Allies (Family Fringillidae)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Small to medium songbirds

Have conical bills and forked relatively short tails

Fly fast and undulate through the air giving high-pitched calls in flight

Common Nebraska species ndash gray-crowned rosy purple Cassinrsquos house finches red

crossbill white-winged crossbill common redpoll pine siskin American goldfinch

evening grosbeak

Old World Sparrows (Family Passeridae)

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Stouter bodies shorter legs and thicker bills than native sparrows

Have a simple song repeating single elements with no particular rhythm or beginning

And end vocalize all day and year-round

Common Nebraska species ndash house sparrow (introduced)


Page | 47

Geology and Natural History of Nebraska

Being Developed by Jon Garbisch Cedar Point Biological Station jgarbisch2unledu

bull Geological history of Nebraska

bull Present geological formation of regions

bull General soil types

bull Geological landforms and related habitats

What we currently use

Theme

Nebraska geology formed over millions of years through the erosion of mountains the deposition of

sediments and the flow of water and ice shaping the landscape that we call home

Goal

Attendees will develop an understanding of the natural processes that influenced and built Nebraska

and in so doing develop a greater appreciation for the geology and how it relates to all other aspects of

the statersquos identity

Objective(s)

The Master Naturalists attendees will be able to use the knowledge they have gained to better

understand the surface and subsurface geology at any location in the state that they may find

themselves working

How will it be measured

Attendees will be able to use the knowledge gained to actively interpret general Nebraska geology by

completing activities in the form of hand-out diagrams biostratigraphic fossil correlations

interpretation of rock type hand specimens and visual description of the Geology on the trail at Camp

Brewster Fontenelle Forest

Introduction


sediments and the flow of water and ice shaping the landscape that we call home (Hand out agenda)

Geology is rooted in the 3 rock groups that exist on planet Earth and so familiarity with

o these groups gives us a solid foundation for all other geologic interpretation

A half hour will be spent handling examples from each rock group

o 3 groups 3 tables with one rock type on each table each group spends 10 minutes at

each table


Page | 48

The Geologic Time Scale is a record over time of the Earths major geologic events and we

can use it to help us understand how and when Nebraska took shape

The natural agents of change which have shaped our state include oceans rivers wind

o and ice

The geologic time periods in Nebraska are represented by rock layers (or not) which occur all

around the state and have been named so that no matter where you are in the state you can

correlate the strata to the time scale (fossilsisotopes)

6 Geologic Principles will be discussed so that when the MN is in the field they can be used as an

aid in basic geologic interpretation

Conclusion


sediments and the flow of water and ice shaping the landscape that we call home Geology supplies us

a record of the events that have shaped our Earth by learning the language in which the Earth script is

written we will be able to interpret and share the story of our state of Nebraska This understanding will

aid in us in relating to other areas influential and important to the state

Places to Go (places to see examples of Nebraska geology)

a Agate Fossil Beds National Monument Lower Miocene fossil mammal site including abundant body fossils of ancient mammals and prominent fossil rodent burrows

b Ashfall State Park Upper Miocene fossil mammal assemblage found in ash derived from an eruption of a predecessor to the Yellowstone volcanic field c Chimney Rock National Historic Site Oligocene and Lower Miocene continental sedimentary rocks deposited as sediments by wind and steams

d Hummel Park (Omaha) outcrops of Pleistocene glacial till and loess

e Lincoln area Capitol Beach Lake and history of saline waters and salt industry flooding history of Antelope and Salt creeks building stones in downtown area brick industry University of Nebraska State Museum

f Louisville area outcrops of Upper Pennsylvanian marine sedimentary rocks

g Valentine area and Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge Niobrara River Canyon and Cenozoic stratigraphy

h Niobrara State Park Upper Cretaceous marine sedimentary rocks (Niobrara Formation and Pierre Shale) landslides along Missouri River anthropogenic changes in Missouri River Niobrara River and Mormon Canal


Page | 49

i Downtown Omaha removal of loess from hills in downtown area engineering of Missouri River (eg groins bank armoring etc) visible at Bob Kerrey Memorial Bridge deep bedrock water wells at old industrial sites

j Platte River State Park Upper Pennsylvanian marine sedimentary rocks and overlook of Platte River

k Ponca State Park Upper Cretaceous marine sedimentary rocks (uppermost Dakota Formation through Greenhorn Limestone)

l Rock Creek State Historical Park middle Cretaceous Dakota Formationmdashfluvio-estuarine continental deposits

m Schramm Park Upper Pennsylvanian marine sedimentary rocks

n Scotia and Happy Jack Chalk Mine Upper Miocene lake deposit In Ogallala Group

o Scotts Bluff National Monument Oligocene and Lower Miocene continental sedimentary rocks deposited as sediments by wind and steams

p Smith Falls State ParkCenozoic stratigraphy Niobrara River waterfalls as knick points

q Toadstool Park and nearby areas continental sedimentary rocks of upper Eocene Chadron Formation Pine Ridge escarpment Trailside Museum and Ft Robinson State Park

r Weeping Water area Upper Pennsylvanian marine sedimentary rocks

s Wildcat RidgeHillsescarpment on Oligocene and Lower Miocene continental sedimentary rocks deeply eroded into canyons buttes and pinnacles by stream erosion during and after the Late Pliocene

t Indian Cave State Park and Iron Horse Trail south of Peru Upper Pennsylvanian Indian Cave Sandstone (fluvio-estuarine deposit) and sandstone cave


Page | 50

North American Model and Outdoor Skills Developed by Jeff Rawlinson Assistant Division Administrator Information and Education Nebraska Game and Parks Commission jeffrawlinsonnebraskagov

OUR North American Model of Conservation

Perhaps no other story is more compelling and more important in American history as that of how

our natural resources came to be one of the most important elements in our lives The history of our citizenryrsquos strong land ethic ties us to the natural world long after other nations have forgone this relationship We value how the common person from a common family can participate in the thrill of the chase experiencing wildness to its fullest

The North American Model of Conservation is a philosophy that the United States and Canada have

developed to manage wildlife in a sustainable way Historians debate how this land ethic began Some

say our model of conservation began in 1937 with the passage of the PittmanRobertson Act a move that provided funding for wildlife conservation at the national and state level The source of this funding came from the sale of hunting and shooting equipment Others may say that it began when the conservation giant President Theodore Roosevelt brought management of natural resources to the

political forefront Others would argue our Model of conservation was birthed under the Magna Charta which transferred the ownership of wildlife from the King of England and the English nobles to the all of

the people of England In reality however our Model has been under development for several hundred years combining what we have learned from other nations peoples cultures and experiences to shape a philosophy ingrained in our culture supported by hunters anglers and shooting sports enthusiasts

benefiting all wildlife and wild lands in the United States

First Wildlife Managers The concept of managing wildlife or natural resources was not conceived by our young nation For

thousands of years humanity has been manipulating and controlling the land and all its inhabitants to benefit our needs Ever since the first hunter followed that wooly creature across the Bering Straight embarking on an epic journey that would result in settling of North America man has ldquomanagedrdquo

wildlife in North America

Throughout history many leaders have shown some element of concern or conservation ethic towards wildlife The great Kublai Khan grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China forbade harvesting of many species of wildlife during critical reproductive months of March

through August so species could ldquoincrease and multiplyrdquo Conservation of wildlife is even found in Mosaic Law in Deuteronomy 226 representing some of the first written wildlife management idealsmdashldquo If you come across a birdrsquos nest in any tree or on the ground with young ones or eggs and

the mother sitting on the young or on the eggs you shall not take the mother with the youngrdquo (English Standard Version 2001)

As populations expanded throughout Europe wildlife resources fell under ownership of powerful kings

who enacted harsh punishments for anyone found taking the kingrsquos game In 1215 a rebellion against King John of England resulted in the Magna Charta transferring ownership of lands and game from the crown to the people This ldquoprivatizingrdquo of wildlife ownership had profound impacts America over 500 years later


Page | 51

Era Of Abundance (1600 ndash 1850) When our forefathers first landed on the eastern shores of America they brought with them science

religion and a new hope They found plentiful game and soon began a relationship with the land that provided them with many of their daily needs Wildlife was viewed as a limitless resource in a relatively untapped land These early settlers had left Europe where few had access to wildlife and entered a world where everyone had access Furs feathers hides all had value to this young country In 1776 the Declaration of Independence revoked the Kingrsquos rights to land and people in this new world After a

bloody war led by revolutionaries such as Washington Hamilton Jefferson and Adams the United States gained its independence and the land and wildlife belonged to everyone

Era Of Exploitation (1850 ndash 1900)

The 1800s brought a commercialization of our wildlife resources Market hunting and habitat

destruction began to decimate wildlife populations such as the American Bison and Passenger Pigeon After the American Revolutionary War and the Civial Warmdashwhich nearly destroyed our ldquodemocratic

experimentrdquo all togethermdashfew people were looking after the interest of wildlife and even fewer rules

existed governing the management of a resource everyone had ownership of yet no one had responsibility for

The railroad provided settlers with the means to access new lands expanding the markets for meats hides and fur Advancements in technology such as the repeating rifle further aided the unbridled

destruction of wildlife resources Yet throughout this era something positive was growing The people of this new nation were developing a relationship with the land By 1842 a Supreme Court ruling had huge impacts on this developing model of conservation resulting in a Public Trust Doctrine that would

further outline a model for conserving our natural resources Conservation was developing some direction but had no money or laws to support it

Era Of Protection (19001930) The early 1900s brought an industrial boom Abuse of natural resources had taken its toll and throughout the Nation and evidence of this abuse could be seen in the loss of species such as the

passenger pigeon near loss of the American bison and in many large mammals including whitetailed deer and our once numerous waterfowl species America was becoming an economic giant yet through

the roar of machines both political and metal a small voice could be heard It was the hunter and their voice was of concern for the direction our wildlife resources were heading Conservation minded men and women had continued a relationship with the land and the wildlife

Era of Game Management (1930 ndash 1966) The ldquodirty thirtiesrdquo were marked by the dust bowl and an impoverished nation Agricultural practices

unchecked by environmental stewardship had left the Nationrsquos heartland in ecological peril Politically the conservation movement was supported by the footings laid by Theodore Roosevelt New federal acts moved forward to provide for environmental protection due to the outcry of hunters in panic over the vanishing wildlife resources of the Nation


Page | 52

Wildlife conservation had support yet it lacked the science to properly manage our Nationrsquos resources A young biologist name Aldo Leopold changed all this with his writings including the book Game

Management which led to Universities across the country developing wildlife conservation programs These programs spawned a new breed of professional game managers who utilized science to support management methods that ultimately lead to the greatest wildlife conservation success story in the world In 1937 the PittmanRobertson Act provided thousands of jobs for young professionals along with ldquogame wardensrdquo supported by individual states to further the development of the Conservation Model

which now had science and funding to support it

Era of Environmental Management (1966 ndash Present) Science and funding led to a broadening view of conservation as focus shifted from managing ldquogame

animalsrdquo to managing the entire biota (environment and all living things in it) Further federal acts such

as the Endangered Species Act of 1966 and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 provided greater protection for species by a nation that had finally changed its course providing time to review

and perfect conservation efforts Recent acts such as the 1980 Farm Bill continued the effort to help

landowners provide quality habitat for wildlife and hunters by providing incentives to landowners to set aside highly erosive lands and plant them into wildlife habitat (grasslands) that benefit wildlife and hunters

The story of our unique model of conservation is still being written New challenges today threaten our

coveted resources and new professionals are entering the arena to further the plight of our Nationrsquos wildlife and hunting heritage

Seven Pillars of the Model

Seven main pillars have been highlighted as the foundation of support for the North American Model

of Conservation These include

The Public Trust The wildlife of the United States are owned by the people This is very different from the European Model where wildlife is privately owned The North American Model recognizes wildlife as a public

resource that is so important it can not be owned or managed by any one segment of our society but rather managed by professional state and federal entities for the benefit of all This concept known as

the Public Trust Doctrine began development in 1842 when the Supreme Court ruled that the Magna Charta had settled the question of who owns fish and wildlife and that King Charles II did not have the authority to give away the ldquodominion and propertyrdquo of lands in colonial America The court further ruled that since the American Revolution the people held public trust responsibilities for fish and wildlife except for rights specified in the US Constitution

Prohibition on Commerce

It was the hunter who brought forth stringent laws that protected wildlife from peril in the 19th

and 20th

centuries Because we all own and appreciate our wildlife as a national resource they should never find themselves on the public market to the highest bidder This path led to a largescale loss of many species

including the Passenger Pigeon and the near loss of the American bison As our country was developing these practices were common as people moved west in search of prosperity capitalizing on a land seemingly untouched by the modern world Today many laws in place serve to protect our most

valuable resourceshellipour wildlife


Page | 53

Democratic Rule of Law Each citizen of this great nation has the ability and responsibility to engage in healthy politics that serve

to support and protect sound wildlife conservation measures Our first conservation measures in this Country habitat restoration simple harvest restrictions and bag limits came from hunters people who respected the game they pursued and loved the wild places they chased them in The North American Model of conservation is built upon active public involvement instilling a value for wildlife in all citizens

Hunting Opportunity for All The Model was developed on the premise that all people regardless of political or economic standing could participate in and feel the thrill of the chase It is this unique Model that provides us with wildlife opportunities for all Americans Imagine how important this was to our fore fathers who left a brutal

King in England where only the aristocracy had any dream of pursuing wild creatures in wild places Our

wildlife laws ensure that each generation that comes after us will have the same opportunity to enjoy and appreciate wildlife

Nonfrivolous Use Our management of wildlife depends on a citizenry that loves and appreciates the wild creatures and the habitats necessary to their survival and our quality of life Wildlife may be utilized under strict rule of

law including utilizing the wildlife once harvested to its best potential Killing wildlife for the sake of killing can only lead to the numbing of hearts to wildlife and a profound lack of respect for our most

precious resources

International Resources

It was not until the 20th

century that hunters and wildlife lovers understood the importance of

managing wildlife at a much larger scale This became readily apparent with the passage of the

Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 where nations came together to manage wildlife resources as a

collective Wildlife species do not recognize national or state boundaries Governments must work together to be effective in managing wildlife for the benefit of all The United States has made great

strides in this area with Mexico and Canada Our wildlife is not only a resource to us but to all continents they may call home throughout the year Our biologists must think globally to be effective locally

Scientific Management Although Theodore Roosevelt brought conservation to the political forefront it was a young forester from Iowa that made the study of wildlife management a science Aldo Leopold is considered by many

as the ldquofather of wildlife managementrdquo due to his tireless efforts to develop curriculum for future wildlife biologists Today our biologists earn their opportunity to manage wildlife through prominent

Bachelor Masters and Doctorate degree programs from Universities around the world Wildlife must be managed using fact science and the latest research We are constantly learning and adapting to new technology and changing environments For such an important resource we cannot afford to have it any other way


Page | 54

Nebraska Master Naturalist Specializations Certifying as a Specialist ldquoFollow your own natural geniusrdquo wrote Thoreau ldquoand it will not fail to show you a fresh prospect every hourrdquo Many of us learn by doing When our curiosity and interests carry us into deeper study of a given subject it can be helpful to have clear opportunities to pursue Thus the Nebraska Master Naturalist Program offers specialized voluntary training for those who are hungry to develop and apply their particular skill and personal understanding on behalf of our natural legacy Specializations are designed to create collaborators leaders and mentors in four key areas

Interpretation and Outreach

Outdoor Skills and Recreation

Resource Management

Citizen Science Master Naturalist Certification Requirements Annual Requirement o 8 Hours Training Annually o 20 Hours of Volunteerism Annually Master Naturalist Specialization Requirement One Time Requirement o 20 Hours of Training Total Specific to Specialization Annual Requirement o Additional 20 Hours of Volunteerism Annually Specific to Specialization (does not include initial Certification annual requirement hours)

OUTDOOR SKILLS AND RECREATION SPECIALIZATION The purpose of OUTDOOR SKILLS AND RECREATION is to promote activity and development of skills in the outdoor pursuits associated with natural resources Specializations are designed to create collaborators leaders and mentors in particular areas A Certified Nebraska Master Naturalist can complete the Outdoor Recreation Specializationby meeting the following requirements Complete at least one of the workshops or certification‐leading trainings listed below If specialized training is not listed below it can be approved upon request by the Master Naturalist Program Committee Specialized Training Options ‐

Hunter Education Instructor Certification 13 hrs

National 4‐H Shooting Sports Instructor Certification 32 hrs

Nebraska 4‐H Shooting Sports Shotgun Certification 12 hrs

Nebraska 4‐H Shooting Sports Archery Certification 12 hrs

Nebraska 4‐H Shooting Sports Rifle Certification 12 hrs

Nebraska 4‐H Shooting Sports Pistol Certification 12 hrs

Nebraska 4‐H Shooting Sports Muzzleloader Certification 12 hrs

National Archery in the Schools Program Basic Archery Instructor 4 hrs

NRA Range OfficerMaster Certification 8 hrs

Hunt Master Training Instructor 4 hrs

NRA Shooting Instructor 16 hrs

NRA Shotgun Instructor 16 hrs

NRA Rifle Instructor 16 hrs

Boater Education Instructor 12 hrs

Youth Fishing Instructor 5 hrs


Page | 55

American Canoe Association National CanoeKayak Instructor 16‐32hrs

National Camp SchoolBoy Scouts 16‐24 hrs

Wood Badge TrainingBoy Scouts 16‐24 hrs

Merit Badge Counselor TrainingBoy Scouts 2‐16 hrs

Conservation Leaders for Tomorrow 35 hrs

Wilderness First Aid 16‐32 hrs

Professional Trappers College 40 hrs

American Camp Association Instructor Training 8‐40 hrs

American Red Cross Instructor Training 2‐16 hrs

American Sailing Association Instructor Training 16‐24 hrs

Certified Horsemanship Association Instructor Training 24‐40 hrs

Leave No Trace Master Educator Training 40 hrs

National Outdoor Leadership School 280 hrs

Camp Cook School 32‐96 hrs

Professional Association of Diving Instructors Training 32‐96 hrs

Professional Mountain Bike Association Instructor Training 24 hrs

League of American Bicyclists Instructor Certification 24 hrs

Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding

Becoming an Outdoors‐Woman Program

Wilderness First Aid

Wilderness Survival

Leave No Trace Educator

Service Options ndash Provide a minimum of 20 hours of service annually in the following or similar areas

4‐H leader and youth training outdoor recreation

Scout leader and youth training outdoor recreation

Wild About Nature

Flying WILD Educator or Facilitator Workshop

Becoming an Outdoors Woman (BOW)

Beyond Becoming an Outdoors Woman (BOW)

Family Camp

Learn to Hunt Program

National Archery in the Schools Program BAI training or greater

Mentor HuntHunt Masters Training

After School Programs

Others ndash Upon approval

Outdoor discovery programs volunteer

CRO at a shooting event

Assist with National or State shooting sports competitions

Family fishing day

Design or write a brochure

Develop or contribute to a website

Develop or contribute to a social networking site

Design or write a newsletter

Assist in fundraising

Plan an event or festival


Page | 56

Interpretation amp Education- Developed By Lindsay Rogers Nebraska Game amp Parks

Commission

Do not try to satisfy your vanity by teaching a great many things Awaken peoplersquos curiosity It is

enough to open minds do not overload them Put there just a spark If there is some good

inflammable stuff it will catch firerdquo

- Anatole France in The Earth Speaks

Session Objectives

To help participants understand the role education plays in sounds ecological conservation

To help participants learn about past and present conservationist and interpretive educators

To help participants learn components of quality education and interpretation

To have participants partake in quality interpretive education

To make sure participants understand that their role is to light the spark and awaken curiosityhellip not spew facts

Lecture Requirements

1 What is interpretation (5 minutes) a What does ldquointerpretrdquo mean b National Association of Interpretation definition of ldquointerpretationrdquo

i Interpretation is a mission-based communication process that forges emotional and intellectual connection between the interests of the audience and the meanings inherent to the resource

c Freeman Tilden Interpreting Our Heritage 1957 i Interpretation is an educational activity which aims to reveal meanings

and relationships through the use of original objects by first-hand experience and by illustrative media rather than simply to communicate factual information

d Components of interpretation i pleasurable or enjoyable

ii relevant to the world iii organized iv themed v sparks an interest

vi includes information but does not stop there links information to the world


Page | 57

vii age appropriate viii taught to someone not at them

2 What is education (5 minutes)

a What does it mean to ldquoeducaterdquo someone b John Dewey Democracy amp Education 2944

i Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge skills and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching training or research

c Components of education i - generally presented to someone but not always

ii enjoyable sometimes iii provides knowledge and facts iv can make connections but not always v organized and themed

d Both education and interpretation are important they work together

3 Conservationists (10 minutes) a Jon Muir

i Immigrated from Scotland to Wisconsin in 1849 ii Attended the University of Wisconsin studies botany amp geology

iii Moved to the western US mainly the Sierra Nevada area iv Believed humans were part of the interconnected natural world v Advocated for the preservation of natural areas

vi Co-founded the Sierra Club b Aldo Leopold

i Iowa native attended Yale University ii After college he joined the US Forest Service was stationed in Arizona

and New Mexico iii Developed theories of land ethics the need for biodiversity and an

appreciation for wilderness areas iv Moved to Wisconsin in 1924 became a professor at the University of

Wisconsin v Regarded as the ldquoFather of Conservationrdquo

c Gifford Pinchot i Born in Connecticut in 1905

ii Studied at Yale studies forestry in France iii Named chief of the Division of Forestry (later to become the US Forest

Service) iv First chief of the US Forest Service greatly improved forest

management and increased the size of Forest Service lands


Page | 58

v Managed forests for the greatest good for the greatest number Pinchot added the phrase in the long run to emphasize that forest management consists of long-term decisions

d Steven Mather i Born in California attended Berkley University

ii Worked for the Pacific Coast Borax Company where he had a talent for promotion Started a competing company made millions

iii When revisiting Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks in 1914 he was appalled by the conditions of the national parks

iv Joined the Department of the Interior as the head of parks later created the National Parks System

v Professionalized the National Parks and helped to greatly grow protected lands

e Rachel Carson i Born in Pennsylvania in 1907 attended John Hopkins University for

graduate school ii Went to work for the US Bureau of Fisheries (later to become the US

Fish amp Wildlife Service) iii Wrote Silent Spring in 1962 The book created an awaking for Americanrsquos

to their responsibility to the environment and wildlife The book lead to the US Government banning the use of DDT

f Theodore Roosevelt i Born in 1858 in New York New York was a sickly child who stayed inside

studying natural history ii An avid outdoorsman he spent much time in the South Dakota Badlands

iii Became President in 1901 with the assignation of President McKinley iv Among many major accomplishments as president he started the

National Parks was instrumental in conserving about 230 million acres

4 Naturalist Interpreters (10 minutes) a Freeman Tilden

i Born 1883 worked as a newspaper columnist and author ii At age 58 he began working with the National Parks Service

iii While traveling to various National Parks he became concerned with the quality of interpretation

iv Wrote Interpreting Our Heritage in 1957 outlines 6 principles to quality interpretation forever changed the field of interpretation

b William Lewis i Worked as a ranger naturalist and interpreter trainer for the National

Parks Service ii Developed the approach of ldquoThematic Interpretationrdquo which requires the

interpreter to choose a central theme (major point) to guide the development of a program


Page | 59

iii Wrote Interpreting For Park Visitors c Sam Ham

i Director of Center for International Training and Outreach at the University of Idaho

ii Work has focused on applying communication theory to environmental conservation interpretation and on nature-based tourism and guide training

iii Wrote Environmental Interpretation (1992) d Ted Cable

i Professor of Park Management and Conservation at Kansas State University

ii Co-authored Interpreting Cultural and Natural Resources (2003) and Interpretation for the 21st Century Fifteen Guiding Principles for Interpreting Nature and Culture (2002)

5 Conducting an Interpretative Program Try and Fail (60 minutes + 120 minutes of activities throughouthellip see list of Suggested Activities below)

a Experiential Learning i The first time you tried to walk you failed The first time you rode a bike

you failed This is called experiential learning The first time you attempt an educational or interpretation program you will fail thatrsquos how we learn

ii Donrsquot be afraid to fail b Ask Questions about the ProgramPresentation before you commit to leading it c Plan your Program

i Generally I want my presentation to be about Specifically however I want to tell my audience about After hearing my presentation I want my audience to understand (what is the big picture you want them to take home)

1 You do not need (or want) to teach your audience everything you know your job is to light the spark

ii What will your tangibles and intangibles be 1 Tangibles are those things you can touch things you use to teach

when teaching a Examples include a tree a mammal pelt a skull a live

animal a prairie 2 Intangibles involve connecting the tangibles to concepts and the

ideas they represent intangibles are the meanings the relationships the processes the ideas the feelings and the beliefs

a Examples include food webs ecosystem health entropy ecology

iii People remember themes they forget facts


Page | 60

iv Plan for an organized presentation 1 Think about your overall theme smaller parts of the program and

your transitions v Stick to your theme

vi Determine what type of presentation you will have 1 PowerPoint (avoid) 2 Podium Presentation (avoid) 3 Active taking a hike playing a game etc 4 Hands-on touching feeling trying hearing smelling

vii Think about all the different kinds of learners 1 verbal-linguistic 2 logical-mathematical 3 visual-spatial 4 kinesthetic 5 musical-rhythmic 6 interpersonal (groups) 7 intrapersonal (individual) 8 naturalist

d Know your role as an educator 1 Provide facts and relationships not opinions 2 Allow participants to determine their own opinions and beliefs

using the facts amp relationships you provide them 3 PLAY ldquoFIRST IMPRESSIONSrdquo

e Prepare Prepare Prepare 1 Know the type of space and area you will have (indoor vs

outdoor small space vs vast area etc) 2 Plan for more that you are told 3 Plan for the weather (always expect it to be windy in Nebraska)

f Questions i Ask good questions

1 Is this a fox Vs How do you know this is a fox 2 Do you have any questions Vs What questions do you have

ii Be prepared for quality questions 1 What are the implications for describe the impact of what are

the reasons for iii Be prepared for ldquogoodrdquo questions

1 Do you have ewoks in the forest If a Mountain Lion and an Eagle were to fight who would win

2 Take all questions seriously Answer seriously g Model what you want to see the students do

i If you want a group of students to catch insects help them get active with them

ii This is true when working with children and adults


Page | 61

1 Working alongside students validates them and their learning h Be enthusiastic show your passion

i This is another form of modeling what you want to see in your students ii We need to excite students (no matter their age) about conservation

nature and the outdoors iii Have fun

6 Take Home Lesson Light the Spark and Donrsquot Be Afraid to Fail

Suggested Activities (amp potential mandatory activities)

Throughout the lesson conduct multiple games andor activities to model good interpretation

Suggested games include but are not limited to

1 Oh Deer (Project WILD) 2 First Impressions (to be done during section 5) (Project WILD) 3 The Long Haul (Project WET) 4 Sum of the Parts (Project WET) 5 Water Quality Ask the Bugs (Project WET) 6 Adaptation Artistry (Flying WILD) or Fashion a Fish (Aquatic Project WILD) 7 Avian Antics (Flying WILD) 8 Pollinators Meet Your Plants (Nebraska Project WILD wwwnebraskaprojectwildorg) 9 Scavenger Hunts (Nebraska Project WILD wwwnebraskaprojectwildorg)

Suggested Post-Readings

Interpreting Our Heritage Freeman Tilden 1957 (4th edition 2008)

ISBN-13 978-0807858677

Interpreting for Park Visitors William Lewis 1981

ISBN-13 978-0890620793

Environmental Interpretation Sam Ham 1992

ISBN-13 978-1555919023

Interpretation for the 21st Century Fifteen Guiding Principles for Interpreting Nature and

Culture Larry Beck amp Ted Cable 2002

ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62

Interpretation-Making a Difference on Purpose Sam Ham 2013

ISBN-13 978-1555917425

Foundations of Interpretation Curriculum Content Narrative National Parks Service 2007

httpwwwnpsgovidpinterp101foundationscurriculumpdf

Websites

National Association of Interpretation

wwwinterpnetcom

North American Association for Environmental Education

wwwnaaeeorg

Nebraska Alliance for Conservation and Environment Education

wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field

Developed by Rich Hawes Nebraska Master Naturalist rdhawes26msncom

Objectives

Raise awareness of Risk Managementassessment as part of event planning

Guidelines to safe activities for participants presenters and the environment

Present Leave No Trace Principals as part of all outdoor activities

Present resources for additional training or certification for outdoor activities

Hands on activities to encourage interest and to provoke thought and discussion

Hazards of the area

Outdoor hiking safety

Stewardship of the land and natural resources

Being flexible and working with ldquowhat you haverdquo

Outline

1 Outdoor Activities ndash Whatrsquos The Worst That Can Happen An Introduction to Event Planning and Risk Management

2 Leave No Trace Principals

3 Trip planning and Logistics

4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection

6 Age Appropriate Activities

7 Resource Training and Certifications

a Standard First Aid CPRAED Wilderness First Aid

b Shooting Sports - Range Safety Officer or Instructor

c Hunter Safety Instructor

d Climbing COPE and Zip Lines

e Water Safety Instructor Life Guard Small Boat Handling

f Leave No Trace Trainer or Master Educator

g Tread Lightly Tread Trainer or Master Tread Trainer


Page | 64

Suggested Activities

CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources

American Camp Association

Boy Scouts of America

Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace

Nebraska Game amp Parks

Hunter Safety

Boating Rules amp Regs

National Rifle Association

(Archery groups)

American Red Cross

(wilderness medicine group(s))

NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


2

Environmental Ethics

Developed by Daniel G Deffenbaugh Nebraska Master Naturalist ddeffenbaughhastingsedu

Reading 1 ldquoJohn Muir Publicizerrdquo in Roderick Frazer Nash Wilderness and the American Mind Fourth

Edition (New Haven CT Yale University Press 2001) pp 122-140

Abstract This chapter in Roderick Frazer Nashrsquos classic text introduces readers to the philosophical

conflict over value in nature that arose around the turn of the twentieth century between two schools

of thought On the one hand was John Muir who argued eloquently in his essays for the

ldquopreservationistrdquo perspective ndash that is setting aside tracts of land to be preserved indefinitely as

wilderness to which Americans could retreat for spiritual sustenance On the other hand was the

ldquoconservationistrdquo perspective of Gifford Pinchot which saw American lands as a store of resources that

needed to be managed wisely for the general welfare of the country These two perspectives still inform

much of the thinking today on the need to conserve or preserve natural habitats

Objectives The objectives for reading this article are as follows

To familiarize master naturalists with the life and work of John Muir

To introduce master naturalists to two fundamental ethical orientations toward the

natural world preservationism and conservationism

To acquaint master naturalists with the early history of the environmental movement

in the US

To help master naturalists distinguish between National Parks and federally managed

lands and to understand the history and rationale behind each

To encourage master naturalists to think about which of the two aforementioned

approaches best reflects their own values


1 What values have informed your decision to become a Master Naturalist

2 With what group do you most readily identify John Muirrsquos preservationists or Gifford Pinchotrsquos

conservationists

3 Does nature have inherent or only instrumental value Explain your answer

4 Do humans have moral obligations toward nature If so what are they If not why

5 In the 1980s a group of scholars proposed that the Great Plains of the United States be returned to

what was then called a ldquoBuffalo Commonsrdquo If this idea were to resurface today how would you go

about arguing for one side or the other What does this say about your perspective on the inherent or

instrumental value of nature


3




















biotic communities







included


act in the world






4

Flora of Nebraska


Objectives








Nebraska


Outline









can survive





i Tallgrass Prairie


iii Sand Prairies



c Discussion









5






Station ndash B 566


Rolfsmeier Steven


Natural Communities A Coarse Filter Page 18-19






Appendix 7 Terrestrial natural communities of Nebraska 51-264


Commission 2005










CS




6

Ecology of Nebraska
















components




grouped as










7











top-level consumers




















8



into usable forms


cycle include











ammonium ions

















9









species


predation








consequences





levels






10









The Platte River


The Big Bend Region



11








and low islands


Introduction













12


and forested island








Nebraska










13

Birds






Mammal




Fish















Driving Tours




14

Mixedgrass Prairie

Introduction


land use












Vegetation










15





Birds

























16




Sandhills

Introduction









Vegetation







snowberry



17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


3




















biotic communities







included


act in the world






4

Flora of Nebraska


Objectives








Nebraska


Outline









can survive





i Tallgrass Prairie


iii Sand Prairies



c Discussion









5






Station ndash B 566


Rolfsmeier Steven










Commission 2005










CS




6

Ecology of Nebraska
















components




grouped as










7











top-level consumers




















8



into usable forms


cycle include











ammonium ions

















9









species


predation








consequences





levels






10









The Platte River


The Big Bend Region



11








and low islands


Introduction













12


and forested island








Nebraska










13

Birds






Mammal




Fish















Driving Tours




14

Mixedgrass Prairie

Introduction


land use












Vegetation










15





Birds

























16




Sandhills

Introduction









Vegetation







snowberry



17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


4

Flora of Nebraska


Objectives








Nebraska


Outline









can survive





i Tallgrass Prairie


iii Sand Prairies



c Discussion









5






Station ndash B 566


Rolfsmeier Steven










Commission 2005










CS




6

Ecology of Nebraska
















components




grouped as










7











top-level consumers




















8



into usable forms


cycle include











ammonium ions

















9









species


predation








consequences





levels






10









The Platte River


The Big Bend Region



11








and low islands


Introduction













12


and forested island








Nebraska










13

Birds






Mammal




Fish















Driving Tours




14

Mixedgrass Prairie

Introduction


land use












Vegetation










15





Birds

























16




Sandhills

Introduction









Vegetation







snowberry



17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


5






Station ndash B 566


Rolfsmeier Steven










Commission 2005










CS




6

Ecology of Nebraska
















components




grouped as










7











top-level consumers




















8



into usable forms


cycle include











ammonium ions

















9









species


predation








consequences





levels






10









The Platte River


The Big Bend Region



11








and low islands


Introduction













12


and forested island








Nebraska










13

Birds






Mammal




Fish















Driving Tours




14

Mixedgrass Prairie

Introduction


land use












Vegetation










15





Birds

























16




Sandhills

Introduction









Vegetation







snowberry



17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


6

Ecology of Nebraska
















components




grouped as










7











top-level consumers




















8



into usable forms


cycle include











ammonium ions

















9









species


predation








consequences





levels






10









The Platte River


The Big Bend Region



11








and low islands


Introduction













12


and forested island








Nebraska










13

Birds






Mammal




Fish















Driving Tours




14

Mixedgrass Prairie

Introduction


land use












Vegetation










15





Birds

























16




Sandhills

Introduction









Vegetation







snowberry



17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


7











top-level consumers




















8



into usable forms


cycle include











ammonium ions

















9









species


predation








consequences





levels






10









The Platte River


The Big Bend Region



11








and low islands


Introduction













12


and forested island








Nebraska










13

Birds






Mammal




Fish















Driving Tours




14

Mixedgrass Prairie

Introduction


land use












Vegetation










15





Birds

























16




Sandhills

Introduction









Vegetation







snowberry



17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


8



into usable forms


cycle include











ammonium ions

















9









species


predation








consequences





levels






10









The Platte River


The Big Bend Region



11








and low islands


Introduction













12


and forested island








Nebraska










13

Birds






Mammal




Fish















Driving Tours




14

Mixedgrass Prairie

Introduction


land use












Vegetation










15





Birds

























16




Sandhills

Introduction









Vegetation







snowberry



17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


9









species


predation








consequences





levels






10









The Platte River


The Big Bend Region



11








and low islands


Introduction













12


and forested island








Nebraska










13

Birds






Mammal




Fish















Driving Tours




14

Mixedgrass Prairie

Introduction


land use












Vegetation










15





Birds

























16




Sandhills

Introduction









Vegetation







snowberry



17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


10









The Platte River


The Big Bend Region



11








and low islands


Introduction













12


and forested island








Nebraska










13

Birds






Mammal




Fish















Driving Tours




14

Mixedgrass Prairie

Introduction


land use












Vegetation










15





Birds

























16




Sandhills

Introduction









Vegetation







snowberry



17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


11








and low islands


Introduction













12


and forested island








Nebraska










13

Birds






Mammal




Fish















Driving Tours




14

Mixedgrass Prairie

Introduction


land use












Vegetation










15





Birds

























16




Sandhills

Introduction









Vegetation







snowberry



17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


12


and forested island








Nebraska










13

Birds






Mammal




Fish















Driving Tours




14

Mixedgrass Prairie

Introduction


land use












Vegetation










15





Birds

























16




Sandhills

Introduction









Vegetation







snowberry



17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


13

Birds






Mammal




Fish















Driving Tours




14

Mixedgrass Prairie

Introduction


land use












Vegetation










15





Birds

























16




Sandhills

Introduction









Vegetation







snowberry



17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


14

Mixedgrass Prairie

Introduction


land use












Vegetation










15





Birds

























16




Sandhills

Introduction









Vegetation







snowberry



17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


15





Birds

























16




Sandhills

Introduction









Vegetation







snowberry



17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


16




Sandhills

Introduction









Vegetation







snowberry



17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


17












75 species of fish















18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


18



Calamus Outfitters

Shortgrass Prairie

Introduction









Vegetation









impomopsis



19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


19






Birds







Mammals


Fish





Lake Ogallala





Chimney Rock



20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


20






















Ginseng Threatened



Saltwort Endangered






21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


21











The Nuts and Bolts












Company 1995)





22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


22


Definitions


criteria


relationships












Okay But why Latin









three-toed

Background







23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


23





lines




















This is taxonomy


How does it Work






24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


24

























25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


25

Fauna of Nebraska




2 Vocabulary






produce milk

2 Sweat glands



during life span





8 Have a diaphragm



dentition





(viviparous)

MAMMAL VOCABULARY



















pouches



plant material


material




food

Prehensile Grasping



26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


26















Chiroptera (bats)




Xenarthra



Rodentia


franklinii)


tridecemlineatus)


ludovicianus)


lined pouch)


flavescens)





compressed tail)









Family Mustelidae


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


27















4 chambered heart









28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


28

AMPHIBIANS





3 Ectodermic







Reptiles

1 Ectodermic


3 Shed skin


Amphibians

1 Ectodermic


3 Do not shed skin


















29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


29













state





30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


30







6 Lung breathing








REPTILE VOCABULARY







prior to shedding











venom





mouth







system

Oviparous Lays egg


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


31



living young





up of many scutes

Toxic Poisonous

Toxin Poison






gland





























beaks



32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


32











openings



coloration


















amphibious










33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


33








platyrhinos)







Pit Vipers





Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 34

























Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 35



WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Short rounded tails





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 36


WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Ducks



molted twice a year





Geese



Sexes are similar







Swans


Lore is naked

Sexes are similar




Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 37













Harriers




Kites



Osprey




Eagles





WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 38


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 39


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








Dowitchers

WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Phalaropes

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Gulls

WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 40

Terns

WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 41


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Whip-poor-will


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 42





WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR





Bold gregarious



Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 43


WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR



Bill short and wide





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR


Primarily brown



Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 44


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR



In constant motion



WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 45


WHAT TO LOOK FOR





WHAT TO LOOK FOR






WHAT TO LOOK FOR







WHAT TO LOOK FOR




waterthrush


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




lark buntings


WHAT TO LOOK FOR




Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 46





WHAT TO LOOK FOR








WHAT TO LOOK FOR






evening grosbeak


WHAT TO LOOK FOR






Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 47








Theme



Goal




Objective(s)



themselves working






Introduction







each table


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 48




o and ice






Conclusion















Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 49














Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 50




















Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 51


















Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 52



















and 20th





Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 53








precious resources












Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 54




Resource Management



















Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 55


















Hunting

Shooting

Fishing

Trapping

Camping

Outdoor Cooking

Orienteering

Geocaching

Photography

Wildlife Viewing

Hiking

Biking

Birding



Wilderness Survival





Wild About Nature




Family Camp









Family fishing day








Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 56


Commission





Session Objectives















Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 57





















Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 58























Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 59




















Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 60


















Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 61











ISBN-13 978-0807858677


ISBN-13 978-0890620793


ISBN-13 978-1555919023



ISBN-13 978-1571675224


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 62


ISBN-13 978-1555917425



Websites


wwwinterpnetcom


wwwnaaeeorg


wwwnaceeorg


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 63

Safety in the Field


Objectives






Hazards of the area




Outline




4 Health amp Safety

5 Youth Protection











Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard


Page | 64


CPR Scenario

First Aid Scenario

Weather Scenario

Lost Scenario

Online Resources



Youth Protection

Safe Swim Defense

Safety Afloat

Climb On Safely

Weather Safety

Trek On Safely

(etc)

Leave No Trace


Hunter Safety



(Archery groups)

American Red Cross


NOLS

Tread Lightly

US Coast Guard

Nebraska Master Naturalist Core Training Objectives and...

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Transcript of Nebraska Master Naturalist Core Training Objectives and...