~ 1 ~ 

lal:dNnfxlx/{{xdflg/{{xLd

;/fxgf

;a} k|z+;f cNnfxsf] nflu xf]; ;fy} s[kf / zflGt xf]; xfd|f ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbdfly .

…s] xf] O:nfdÚ eGg] k':tssf] ;/fxgf ub{} v'zL eO/x]sf] 5', o;nfO{ …lgdGq0ff / lgb]{zg s]Gb|Ú stf/df sfo{/t\ d]/f] O:nfdL efO{ / wd{ljåfg ca" aqmn] cg'jfb u/]sf 5g\ . o;sf] p2]Zo g]kfnL efiffdf O:nfd wd{sf] kl/ro u/fpg lglDt O:nfdL k':tsfnonfO{ cg'bfg k'¥ofpg' xf] . d}n] lognfO{ 1fgsf] vf]hstf{ / cfkm\gf] d"n g]kfnL efiffsf] ;+u;+u} c/aL efiffdf klg pTs[i6 kfPsf] 5' .

xfdL …lgdGq0ff / lgb]{zg s]Gb|Úåf/f o; ;kmn sfo{sf] k|sfzg ub}{, h;sf] w]/} ljåfg / g]kfnL efiffljz]if1x?n] ;/fxgf u/]sf 5g\, …xfdL O:nfdL k':sfnodf Pp6f gof“ k':ts yk ug{'df ;kmntf kfPsf 5f}+ / of] k':ts O:nfdaf/] 1fg vf]Hg]nfO{ ;|f]t aGg ;S5 xf]nfÚ xfd|f] cNnfxl;t cfzf 5 .Ú

cNnfx xfd|f] o; sfo{nfO{ cfkm\gf] v'zL k|flKtsf] nflu ljz'4 kf/?g\ tyf logL cg'jfbsnufot o; nfebfos k':tsnfO{ k|sfzdf Nofpg ;3fPsf x/]snfO{ k|ltkmn b]pmg\ .

s[kf / zflGt xf]; xfd|f ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb, pgsf ;Gtltnufot pgsf ;a} ;fyLx?dfly .

kmJjfh cAb'Nnfx cN ufldbL

Joj:yfksM …lgdGq0ff / lgb]{zg s]Gb|Ú, bf]xf, stf/ .

!$÷&÷@)!@

~ 2 ~ 

cg'jfbssf b'O{ zAbx?

;a} k|z+;f cNnfxsf] nflu xf]; hf] ;j{hutsf k|e' x'g\ tyf s[kf / zflGt xf]; pgsf ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdb / pgsf ;Gtltnufot pgsf ;a} ;fyLx?dfly .

k9\g nfu]sf] of] k':ts O:nfd wd{sf] kl/ro u/fpg lglDt c+u]|hL

efiffdf n]lvPsf] what is islam eGg] k':tssf] g]kfnL cg'jfb xf] . d"n k':tssf] n]vs Pp6f cd]l/sL gof “ d'l:nd Osf]gf]ldS;sf kL= Pr= 8L :sfn/ Jamaal al-Din M. Zarabozo x'g\ . pgLaf/] lj:t[t hfgsf/L pgsf] pSt gfd OG6/g]6df ;]r{ ubf{ k|fKt x'g]5 .

pgsf] of] k':ts O:nfdsf d"n ;|f]t s'/cfg / xbL;sf] d]/f] cWogsf] k|sfzdf clt jf:tljs / ;xL kl/ro xf] . pgn] yf]/} zAbx? Aff6 clt cfsif{s z}nLdf O:nfdsf ;f/ /fd|/L k]z u/]sf 5g\ .d]/f] cg'ej cg';f/ O:nfdsf] ;xL kl/roaf/] o:tf] e/kbf]{ / ;dfj]zL k':ts clxn];Dd g]kfnL efiffdf n]lvPsf] 5}g . kf7s :jo+n] o;nfO{ k9]/ dx;"; ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . t;y{ d o;af/] c? w]/} n]Vb} kf7s / k':tssf] aLr cj/f]w gag]/ o;sf] km};nf kf7sdfly g} 5f]85' .

d]/f] e'ldsf cfkm\gf lk|o g]kfnL efifLx?nfO{ klg o:tf O:nfdL k':tsx?sf] cg'jfbdfkm{t O:nfd wd{ af6 cjut u/fpg' xf] . cg'jfb ubf{ d}n] Odfgbf/Lsf] k'/f Vofn /fv]sf] 5' . l;+uf] k':tsdf d]/f]tkm{ af6 s'g} yk 36 ePsf] kfO+b}g . d"n lstfa c+u|]hL efiffdf cg]s rf]l6 5flk;lsPsf] 5, t/ of] o;sf] klxnf] ;+:qm0fsf] cg'jfb xf] . pSt k':ts n]vssf] j]e;fO6df klg df}h"b /x]sf] 5 .

cfkm\gf] cg'jfbsf] z'4tfdf emg\ 9'Ssx'g' lglDt d}n] o;sf] k'g/jnf]sgsf] nflu g]kfnL efiffdf kl/kSj tyf O:nfdL kl/eflifs zAbx?l;t klg /fd|/L cjut cfkm\gf] lk|o O:nfdL efO{ cfb0fL{o /xdt'Nnfx ldof+l;t ;Rofpg cg'/]w u/]sf] lyP+ . pxf+n] cfkm\gf] clt Jo:ttfsf afjh"b k'0o sdfpg] lgotn] o;sf] nflu cfkm\gf] ax'd"No ;do vlr{g'eof] . cNnfxn] pxf+nfO{ o;sf] /fd|f] k|ltkmn b]pmg\ . tfklg …s'g} uNtL e]6fPdf jf s'g} k|:tfj

k]z ug{ rfx]df tn lbPsf] d]/f] email ID cyjf ;+:yfsf] kf]= af]S;df ;Dks{

~ 3 ~ 

ug{'xf];ÚtkfO{x?l;t d]/f] cg'/f]w 5 . cfOGbf ;+:qm0fdf OGzfcNnfx ;+zf]wg ug'{sf;fy]} lgs} cfef/L klg x'g]5' . O:nfd wd{af/] 1fg k|fKt u/fpg lglDt 5flkPsf] of] d]/f] kf+rf}+ k':ts xf] . o; cl3 …;To Ps}Zj/jfbÚ …O:nfd wd{sf s]xL ;'Gbtf{x?Ú / …d'xDdb cNnfxsf ;Gb]zjfxsÚ -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ h:tf k':tsx? 5flk;lsPsf 5g\ . / o;sf cnfjf s]xL c? k':tsx? 5fKgsf] nflu tof/ klg 5g\ . pSt lstfax?sf] tof/Ldf d]/f] cgGt / k/d :jfdL cNnfxsf] k|]0ff{ / s[kfkl5 d sfo{/t\/x]sf] ;+:yf …O:nfdL lgdGq0ff / lgb]{zg s]Gb\Ú / o;sf] Joj:yfks>L cfb0fL{o kmJjfh cAb'Nnfx cN ufldbL dxf]bosf] k|d'v e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . k/d cNnfx pgnfO{ /fd|f] k|ltkmn b]pmg\ / o;sf] k5fl8 d]/f] cfzo dfq cfkm\gf] v'zL k|flKtsf] nflu ljz'4 kf?g\ . / o; af6 xfd|f lk|o kf7sx?nfO{ ;TonfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ pTk|]0ff{ b]pmg\ . cfdLg .

ca" aqm gb\jL

kf]= af]S; g= @$*@

bf]xf — stf/

email: abubakarmusalman@yahoo.com

~ 4 ~ 

k|:tfjgf

k':ts n]Vg'sf] nIo / p2]Zo

O:nfdaf/] Pp6f :ki6 / ;+If]k ePsf] k':ts k|sfzg ug{sf nflu of] cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ ;do xf] . clxn] ljljw sf/0fn] ubf{ ;+;f/sf w]/} :yfgx?df O:nfd wd{nfO{ k|foh;f] gsf/fTds lrq0f ul/g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . k|foM dflg; O:nfdl;t cgle1 ePsf] x'gfn] cfd;~rf/sf dfWodx?df h] b]lvG5, tL dfWodx?n] O:nfdsf af/]df unt lrq0f ug{] x'gfn] O:nfdl;t ck|efljt x'g' crDdsf] s'/f xf]Og . o; cj:yfsf] ;j{;'ne / ;+ejtM ;jf{lws nfebfos pkrf/ o:tf dflg;x?;Dd k'Ug' / O:nfdsf] jf:tljstfaf/] pgLx?nfO{ ;'Gg nufpg' g} /fd|f] xf] . dflg;n] a9fO{r9fO{eGbf dfly p7]/ wd{sf] af/]df ;To / ljZjZgLo lzIff cjZo kfpg'k5{ .

oxf“ xfd|f] nIo O:nfdaf/] Jofks b'ik|rf/l;t ;/f]sf/ ug]{ xf]Og . xfd|f] Psdfq nIo O:nfdsf] jf:tljstf / o;nfO{ O:nfdsf] O{Zj/Lo dfGotfsf ;|f]t / d"ncfwf/x? s'/cfg jf csf]{ zAbdf cNnfxsf]tk{maf6 pgsf ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pxf“dfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ dfly pb\eflift ul/Psf] u|Gyaf6 / :jod\ ;Gb]zjfxssf lgb]{zg Pj+ k2ltx? -xbL;x?_ af6 O:nfdsf] ;xL :j?k k|:t't ug{' xf] .

O:nfdsf ;|f]t / cfwf/x?

O:nfdsf] ax;eGbf cl3 o;sf df}lns ;|f]tx?af/] s]xL hfGg / a'em\g cfjZos x'G5 . O:nfdsf clwsfl/s ;|f]tx? b'O{ j6f dfq} x'g\, s'/cfg / ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdbsf] ;'Ggx . -!_ oL b'O{ j6f dfq} O:nfdsf clGtd clwsf/ x'g\ lsgls logLx?df g} cNnfxaf6 ;Gb]i6f -pxf “dfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ n] u|x0f u/]sf k|sfzgfnfO{ ;+u|lxt ul/Psf 5g\ . cNnfxn] ;Gb]i6f -O{zb"t_ nfO{ s'/cfg / ;'Ggx b'a}af6 k|]/0ff lbPsf 5g\ . t;y{ ;Dk"0f{ cf:yf / sd{x? logL b'a}sf dftxt /xg'kb{5, logLx?sf] cg'?k x'g] :jLsfo{ x'g]5 / cldNbf] x'g] :jLsfo{ x'g]5}g .

~ 5 ~ 

s'/cfg afOaneGbf w]/} km/s 5 . s'/cfgdf dfgjsf ljleGg ;Gb]zjfxsx?af/]sf syfx? pNn]v ul/Psf 5}gg\ . s'/cfg j:t'tM cNnfxsf] jf0fL xf] . of] cNnfxaf6 lha|O{n -cn}lx:;nfd_ sf] dfWodaf6 ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pxf “dfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ tk{m k|ToIf pb\eflift ul/Psf] xf] . s'/cfgdf pb\eflift jf0fLx? ;Gb]zjfxsn] :jod\ u|x0f u/L cfkm\gf cg'ofoLx?nfO{ k|bfg u/] . of] k|sfzgf cfkm\gf] oyfy{ pRrf/0fsf;fy s07 ul/of], n]lvof] / x'ax' ;fl/of] . To;}n] clxn];Dd s'/cfgsf] :j?kdf s]jn O{Zj/ dfqn] k'gM af]nL /x]sf 5g\ . s'/cfgdf st}klg dflg;sf l6Kk0fL, s'/fsfgL jf p2/0fx? e]6fOGgg\ .

To;}n] s'/cfgsf] z}nL a]hf]8 5 . of] d'6', dg / cfTdfdf cNnfxsf] syg xf] . of] cfkm\gf] ljz'4 c/aL efiffdf c;fWo} rngrNtL / ;'Gb/ lsl;dsf] /x]sf] 5 . -clxn] cgulGt efiffx?df s'/cfgsf] cy{sf] cg'jfb ul/;lsPsf] 5 . tfklg tL cg'jfbx? slxNo} klg s'/cfg 7flgPsf 5}gg\ . s'/cfg s]jn ljz'4 c/aL xf] . t;y{ k|fy{gf / sd{sf08x?df ;xL ;4] c/aL s'/cfg dfq k|of]u ul/G5 ._

s'/cfgsf ;fy} ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pxf“dfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ sf syg / cfr/0fx? klg 5g\ . cNnfxsf ;Gb]zjfxssf] ;'Ggtsf] clwsf/, …pgL cw{ O{Zj/sf] s'g} lsl;d x'g\Ú eGg] sbflk xf]Og . pgL -d'xDdb_ ;Dk"0f{ ;Gb]i6fx?e}“m dfgjhfltdWo] s} x'g\ . ;Gb]zjfxssf] clwsf/ cNnfxsf] cf1fkfngsf] k|rf/ ug{' dfq} xf] . cNnfxn] g} s'/cfgdf ;Gb]zjfxssf] clwsf/ j0f{g u/]sf 5g\ . t;y{ ;Gb]zjfxssf] k4lt k5\ofpg'sf] cfzo cNnfxsf] dftxt / cf1fkfngafx]s cGo s]xL xf]Og . cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g\, …h;n] O{Zfb"tsf] cf1fkfng u¥of] lgZro g} To;n] cNnfxsf] cf1fkfng u¥of], hf] ljd'v eP xfdLn] ltdL -d'xDdb_ nfO{ To:tfx?sfnflu kx/]bf/ agfP/ k7fPsf 5}gf}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, $ M *)_

s'/cfg / ;'GgtaLr clt w]/} cGof]Gofl>t ;DjGw /x]sf] 5 . s'/cfgnfO{ s;/L sfof{Gjog ug{'k5{ eGg] ;'Ggtn] JofVof u5{ . s'/cfg h] atfp“5 To;sf] ;'Ggt Jojxfl/s :kli6s/0f xf] . s'/cfgL lzIffsf] of] k"0f{cfsf/ d'l:ndx?sf]

~ 6 ~ 

nflu dxfg\ cflzif / s[kf xf] . o;n] cNnfxsf] kyk|bz{gnfO{ emg\ k"0f{ / ;a};Dd kx'“rsf] nfos agfp “b5 .

o;k|sf/ dfgjhfltsf] dfu{bz{gsf] nflu cfjZos l;4fGtx? ;w}+el/ s'/cfg / xbL; cleGg c+u agL k|:t't ug]{ 5g\ .

To;}n] O:nfdaf/] s'g} e/kbf{] k':ts s'/cfg -@_ / ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdb -pxf“dfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ sf] lzIffdf cfwfl/t x'g'k5{ .

cNnfxdfly ljZjf; ug{'

cNnfxdf ljZjf; ug{' ;f“lRrs} O:nfdsf] k"0f{ cf:yf xf] . O:nfdsf cGo ljZjf; tyf ;Dk"0f{ O:nfdL lqmofsnfkx? cNnfxdf b[9 cf:yfsf jl/k/L 3'ld/xG5g\ . To;}n] cNnfxaf/] b[9 ljZjf;nfO{ ;+;f/el/sf cGo wfld{s ;d'bfox?eGbf ;DejtM O:nfddf w]/} a9L lj:t[t a0f{g ul/Psf] kfOG5 .

cNnfxnfO{ s;/L hfGg]

…cNnfxåf/f dfgjhfltnfO{ ljrf/ zlQm / g};lu{s k|]/0ff k|bfg ul/Psf] 5Ú eGg] O:nfd wd{n] c:jLsf/ ub}{g . a? …Pp6f ;|:6f cNnfx 5g\Ú h:tf] ;TonfO{ hfGg / dfGgsf nflu cNnfxn] dfgjhfltnfO{ hGdhft Nofst lbPsf 5g\Ú eGg] jf:tjlstfnfO{ klg O:nfdn] :jLsf5{ . ;j{dxfg\ lrGtsx?n] k|foM dflg;x?sf] ;|:6fsf] cl:tTjtkm{ cf}+Nofpg] ljleGg ;+s]tx?nfO{ slxNo} klg c:jLsf/ u/]sf 5}gg\ . pgLx? cNnfxsf] cl:tTjsf] dtnfO{ lg;+sf]r :jLsf/ ub{5g\ . s]xL dflg; e|ldt x'g' / cNdlng'sf] sf/0f, cNnfxsf af/]df 7Ls; “u ghfGg' / cNnfxsf] ;To Pj+ ;'/lIft k|sfzgf;Dd pgLx?sf] kx'“r gx'gfn] klg xf] . …cNnfxdf cf:yf /fv]kl5 dfG5]nfO{ klg cNnfxaf/] oyfy{ hfgsf/L x'g] clwsf/ x'G5Ú eGg] unt ;|f]tx?n] hgfp“5g\ .

cNnfx cfkm\gf ;[li6eGbf k"/} k[ys / a]Un} 5g\ . o;}n] pgL dfgj cg'ejsf] nf]s, dfgj ;f]rnufot dfgj hf “rdWo]sf] s'g} s'/f xf]Ogg\ . t;y{ cNnfxaf/] lj:t[t 1fg ljz]iftM cNnfxl;t dflg;sf] ck]lIft ;DaGw hfGgsf] nflu :jod\ cNnfx / pgsf] k|sfzgftkm{ kms{g'k5{ . o;sf] nflu csf]{ s'g} pkfo x'g ;Sb}g . o;sf] 1fg cNnfxafx]s c? s;}nfO{ 5}g .

~ 7 ~ 

cNnfxaf6 s'/cfgsf] k|sfzgf tyf cNnfxsf ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];\_ sf cg'k|fl0ft zAbx? g} cNnfxaf/] o:tf :ki6 k|bz{g pknAw u/fp“5g\ . logLx?n] cNnfxsf] cl:tTj, pgsf] zlQmnufot pgsf] 1fgaf/] ;a} cfz+sfx? x6fp“5g\ . ;j{zlQmdfgk|lt dflg;sf] cfjZos Aojxf/l;t ;DalGwt ;a} k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ klg lbG5g\ . cem cNnfxn] cfk\mgf] s[kfn] cfk\mgf gfd / u'0fx?dfkm{t cfk"maf/] pknAw u/fPsf lj:t[t 1fgaf6 pgL ;f“lRrs} lk|o, pkf;gfsf] Psn kfq tyf s;}sf] hLjgsf] k|d"v k|]/0ff aGg k'Ub5g\ .

cNnfx ;Dk"0f{ ;[li6sf] Psdfq ;|:6f / kfngstf{ x'g\

s'/cfg k9\bf Pp6f s'/f lgZro g} cufl8 cfp“5, …cNnfx ;[li6sf ;Dk"0f{ ;+/rgfdfly dfgjhfltnfO{ ljrf/ ug{ cx|fp“5g\ .Ú s'/cfgsf lzIffx? slxNo} klg ljj]so'Qm lrGtgl;t cldNbf x'“b}gg\ . j:t'tM 1fgsf oL cfwf/x?nfO{ s'/cfgdf Pp6f dfu{em}+ cfX\jfg ul/Psf] 5 . …xfd|f cf“vf cufl8 of] ;[li6sf] cl:tTj / pTklQ Pp6f dxfg O{Zj/ / zj{zlQmdfg ;|i6fsf] OR5f / ;+/rgf ljgf ;Dej ePsf] 5}gÚ eGg] Psn lgisif{tk{m oL ;+/rgfx?n] 8f]¥ofp “5g\ . -#_

dfgj hfltnfO{ ;lbof}+;Dd ljZj;gLo agfpg] cNnfxn] Pp6f Znf]sdf ;f “lRrs} Pp6f o:tf] 7f]; ts{ k|bfg u5{g\, …s] logLx?sf] ;[li6 s'g} ;[li6stf{ ljgf g} ePsf] xf] jf logLx? cfkm}+ ;|i6f x'g\ < jf cfsfzx? tyf k[YjLnfO{ logLx?n] ;[li6 u/]sf x'g\ <Ú -s'/cfg, %@ M #%, #^_ …:ki6tM dflg;x? o; ;+;f/df g t gfl:taf6 cfPsf 5g\ g pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] ;[hgf cfk}+m u/]sf x'g\Ú Znf]sx?sf] ;+s]t clwsf+z dflg; ;dIf o;/L g} :ki6 5 . t;y{ pgL Pp6f ;|i6fsf] sd{ kl/0ffd x'g\ .

…o; cl:tTjsf] cjZo Pp6f ;|i6f 5Ú oyfy{nfO{ cem a9L a'emfpgsf lglDt a|fXdf08 leqsf] ;'Gb/tf / ;Gt'ngdf klg Wofg lbg'k5{ . lgdf{0fsf] 9f “rf o:tf] lgodlgi7 5, h:tf] ls o;n] slxn]sfxL+ …k|s[ltsf] ;"Idu|fxL ;Gt'ngÚtkm{ cf+}Nofp5 . s;/L x/]s rLhx? cfk;df cem cfkm\gf] :jod\ z/L/leq Ps csf{sf;fy sfd ul//x]sf x'G5g\, ;f“lRrs} of] cfZro{ kfg]{

~ 8 ~ 

cGt{j:t' xf] . pbfx/0fsf nflu z/L/sf ljleGg c+ux?aLr cfk;L ;xof]u ljgf hLjg rNg ;Dej g} x'Fb}g . x]/fO{df cfPsf oL cb\e"t 36gfx? cGo w]/} dxTjk"0f{ lgisif{x?;Dd n}hfG5g\ .

klxnf], …lgdf{0f 9f“rf / a|fXdf08sf ljleGg ck|lzlIft jf clzlIft lghL{j tTjx?aLr ;xof]uÚ logLx? clxn] klg ;h{ssf] lgoGq0f / lgb]{zgdf /xg'sf] ;"rs x'g\ . ltgLx?sf] cfk;df ;xsfo{ / ;xof]usf] :t/n] ;Dk"0f{ 1fg / ;~rfng Pj+ lgb]{zg ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ ;fdYo{ b'a} /fVg] cl:tTjsf] k|e'Tjdf ltgLx?nfO{ x'g]tk{m cf}+Nofp“5 . o:tf] gePsf] eP cfd?kL / ljz]iftM of] a|fXdf08leqsf ;a} j:t'x?nfO{ ;[hgf ug{] k|df0f' / s0fx?sf w]/} ;+VofaLr c:tJo:ttfsf] ;Defjgf x'GYof] .

bf];|f], a||fXdf08sf] ;|i6f / dflns Pp6} xf] . …o; ;Gt'lnt / PsLs[t a|fXdf08sf] PseGbf al9 ;|i6f x'g ;Dej 5}gÚ eGg] :ki6 lrGx /x]sf] 5 . o; ljifon] klg cl3Nnf] ljifonfO{ k|dfl0ft ub{5 . PseGbf a9L ;|i6f ePsf] eP x/]sl;t OR5f / an x'GYof] clg ;[li6df clxn] h'g Pstf / ;Gt'ng b]lvG5 Tof] ck]lIft x'+“b}gYof] .

o;k|sf/ k|f/lDes a'“bf, …a|fXdf08sf] ;|i6f, ;~rfns / clGtd zlQm Pp6} xf]Ú eGg] b'a}nfO{ dfgjhflt dfem k|fs[lts tyf tfls{s tj/n] 7x/ ul/;lsPsf] 5 .

…a|fXdf08sf] ;|i6f / ;~rfns Psdfq cNnfx xf]Ú Psrf]6L 7x/ ul/;s]kl5 csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o cfk}+m k|:km'l6t x'G5 . ljif]iftM zfob s;}n] cfk"ml;t ;f]Wg ;Sg] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg, …To; ;|i6fl;t xfd|f] ;DaGw s:tf] x'g'k5{ t eGg] xf] <Ú o;n] kl5Nnf] s'/f …cNnfx dfq pkf;gf of]Uo / To;sf] xsbf/ 5, eGg] tk{m ck|ToIf ?kdf 8f]¥ofp “5 .

pkf;gfsf] Pp6} nIo cNnfx x'g'k5{

Pp6} ;|i6f / ;~rfnssf] cl:tTj kTofpg' cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ x'“bfx'b} klg O:nfddf cNnfxsf] cf:yf / sNkgfdWo] kg'{sf afjh"b klg k|ofKt 5}g . …dfgjhfltsf] cfTdfdf g};lu{s tj/n] Tof] lglxt /x]sf] 5Ú ;To jf:tjdf

~ 9 ~ 

;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 / of] k|ZgeGbf aflx/ x'g'k5{ . cem a9L dxTjk"0f{ / /x:odo ljifo ;|i6f tyf ;~rfns Pp6} dfGg] JolQml;t uP/ hf]l8G5 .

b'Oj6f pbfx/0fn] of] ljifonfO{ ;DejtM :k:6 kf5{ xf]nf . klxnf], cNnfxsf] ;[li6n] p;sf] dxfgtf / p;sf] dxfg 1fgtk{m cf}Nofp+ “5 / k"0f{dxfg tyf crlDdt /x+bf x/]ssf] b[li6sf]0f ;fdfGtof cba, ;Ddfg / cfb/ x'g] u5{ . cem a9L ;|i6fsf] dxfgtfsf] bhf{ ;[hgf g} ug{ g;Sg] c;Ifdx?;Fu bfFHg ;lsGg . o;af/] cNnfx eGb5g\, …s] ltgLx?n] o:tfnfO{ ;fem]bf/ agfpF5g\ hf] s'g} klg j:t' ;[li6 ub{}gg\ a? ltgLx? :jod\ ;[lht ePsf 5g\ <Ú -s'/cfg, & M !(!_ cNnfx cufl8 eGb5g\, …s] ;[hgf ug{] / ug{ g;Sg], b'a} ;dfg 5g\ < ltdL lsg kf7 l;Sb}gf}+ <Ú -s'/cfg, !^ M !&_

cNnfx x/]s pkxf/ / cflzif a? x/]ssf] lhGbuL / o; ;[li6df p;sf] nflu tof/ kfl/Psf ;a} s'/fx?sf ;|f]t x'g\ . To;af/] cNnfx s'/cfgdf eGb5g\, …/, olb ltdLx?n] cNnfxsf ;a} cg'u|xx?sf] u0fgf ug{ rfXof} eg] klg uGg ;Sg] 5}gf} .Ú -s'/cfg, !$ M #$_

cNnfxsf] ;xof]u / d2t lagf tL pkxf/x? dflg; cfk\mgf nflu Nofpg ;S5g\ t < cNnfxn] cfk\mgf] o; syg;Fu} csf{] pbfx/0f lbG5g\, …-x] ;Gb]i6f Û_ ltgLx? -cljZjf;Lx?_ nfO{ ;f]w–s] ltdLx?n] ;f]r]sf 5f} ls cNnfx ltdLx?sf] ;'Gg] / x]g{] zlQm vf]:5g\ / ltd|f x[box?df ;Ln -df]x/_ nufO{lbG5g\ eg] cNnfxafx]s s'g pkf:on] ltdLx?nfO{ Tof] lkmtf{ lbg ;S5 < x]/, xfdL s;/L cfoft -Znf]s_ j0f{g u5f{}+ t}klg ltgLx? a]jf:tf u5{g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, ^ M $^_

olt x'FbfxF'b} klg Psdfq O{Zj/sf] cj1f ug'{, a]jf:tf ug'{ / cxdtf k|bz{g ug'{ s;}sf] nflu plrt xf] t < j:t'tM oqf j/bfgx? k|bfg ug{] To:tf] dxfg / crDd kfg]{ k|s[ltl;t ljgd|, cf1fsf/L, cfef/L, dfofn ' / >4fn' g} x'g'k5{ .

dfof, cfb/ / pkf;gf ul/g] xsclwsf/ s]jn cNnfxsf] nflu ljlzi6 x'g'kg]{ atfpgsf nflu cNnfxsf oL b'O{{ pbfx/0fx? cyf{t\ ;[hgfTds Ifdtf Pj+ 1fg / cNnfxåf/f PSn} k|åQ a/bfgx? k|ofKt 5g\ . o;af/] Pp6} ;|i6f t dfGg] clg t'?Gt} pgnfO{ a]jf:tf u/L agfj6L O{Zj/ / agfj6L lrhx?sf]

~ 10 ~ 

pkf;gf ug]{x?nfO{ cNnfx cg]s k6s s'/cfgdf ljleGg lsl;daf6 ;Daf]wg ub{5g\ . pbfx/0f :j?k cNnfx eGb5g\, …eg, olb ltdLx? Hffgsf/L /fV5f} eg], k[YjL tyf To;df /x]sf lrhx? s:sf x'g\ <Ú ltgLx?n] eGg] 5g\, …cNnfx s} x'g\ .Ú egLb]pm, clg ltdLx? pkb]z lsg u|x0f ub{}gf} t <Ú -s'/cfg, @# M *$–*%_

To;}u/L dxTjk"0f{ s'/f], …;xL dfu{ b]vfpg cfjZos 1fgÚ cNnfxnfO{ dfq 5 . ldYof k"lhg]x? To;dWo] s]xL klg hfGb}gg\ . o;af/] cNnfx eGb5g\, …;f]w, s] ltdLx?sf ;fem]bf/x?dWo] sf]xL o:tf] 5 h;n] ;Tdfu{ b]vfpg ;S5 <, elgb]pm, s]jn cNnfx ;Tosf] dfu{ b]vfpF5g\, clg atfpm, h;n] ;Tosf] af6f] b]vfpF5 Tof] a9L cg';/0f of]Uo /x]sf] 5 jf Tof] h;nfO{ dfu{ gb]vfp~h]n :jo+n] dfu{ k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g < cflv/ ltdLx?nfO{ s] ePsf] 5 < ltdLx? s:tf] lg0f{o u5f}{ < /, ltgLx?dWo] clwsf+z s]jn cg'dfgsf] e/df lx+8\5g\ hals c8snafhL ;Tosf] dfldnfdf clnslt klg nfebfos 5}g . lg:;Gb]x ltgLx?n] ul//x]sf sfo{x?;Fu cNnfx k"0f{?kn] cjut 5g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, !) M #%–#^_

pk/f]Qm / s'/cfgel/ 5l/P/ /x]sf cg]s ts{x?af6 pkf;gfsf] of]Uo cNnfxafx]s sf]xL / sf]xL klg 5}g, x/]sn] oxL lgisif{ lgsfNg'k5{ . kmn:j?k pkf;gf of]Uo cNnfxafx]s sf]xL gePsf]n] x/]sn] Pp6} cNnfxs} pkf;gfdf hf]8lbg' a'l4; “ut x'g]5 . ;Dk"0f{ O:nfdsf] d'ne"t ;Gb]z / ljutsf ;a} O{zb"tx?n] lbPsf d"Vo pkb]zx? Klg jf:tjdf oxL g} lyof] .

oxf“ O:nfdL kl/k|]Ifdf pkf;gfsf] kl/efiffsf] cy{ kl/eflift ug{ pko'Qm xf]nf . …pkf;gfÚ zAb s'/cfgL / c/aL kl/efiffdf …OafbtÚsf] cg'jfb xf] . of] kl/efiffsf] efjfy{ c+u]|hL zAb …jlz{kÚ eGbf a]Un} /x]sf] 5 . jlz{k zAbsf] cy{ c+u]|hLdf cfb/ ug{' eGg] x'G5 . o;sf] AofVof …O{Zj/sf] cfb/–;Ddfgdf elQm o'Qm sd{x? ug{'Ú eg]/ eGg ;lsG5 . -$_ t/ lanfn lkmlnK;sf] o;af/] l6Kk0fL o;k|sf/ /x]5,

…clGtd k|sfzgfsf] efiff c/aLdf jlz{knfO{ Oafbt -pkf;gf_ elgPsf] 5, …OafbtÚ zAbsf] cy{ bf; xf] / …cAbÚ gfdaf6 pTklQ ePsf] xf] . bf;l;t

~ 11 ~ 

cfkm\gf] dflnssf] OR5fg';f/ sfo{ ul//xg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] x'G5 . kmn:j?k clGtd k|sfzgf cg';f/ jlz{ksf] cy{ …O{Zj/sf] OR5f adf]lhd ug]{ cfTd;dk{0f xf] .Ú O{Zj/af6 dfgjhflttk{m k7fOPsf ;Dk"0f{ ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf] ;Gb]zsf] ;f/ klg oxL g} lyof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu jlz{k -pkf;gf_ sf] pQm a'emfO{ dYy]j & M @! df oz'åf/f hf]8bf/;Fu o;/L aofg ul/Psf] 5, …dnfO{ k|e' dfGg] dflg;x?dWo] cfsfzdf /xg] d]/f] lktfsf] OR5fg';f/ ug]{x? dfq O{Zj/sf] /fHodf k|j]z x'g]5g\ .Ú -%_

o;k|sf/ Ps}Zj/jfb -pkf;gfsf] nIo cNnfxnfO{ dfq dfGg'_ sf] pQm ?k ljz]iftM klZrdfsf dflg;x?n] a'e]msf]eGbf clws leGg /x]sf] 5 .

O:nfdL Ps}Zj/jfbsf] pQm ?kn] pkf;gfsf lgod;“u} dgf]efj / zf/Ll/s sd{x?nfO{ klg ;d]6]sf] 5 . dgf]efjaf6 s]jn p;}nfO{ kTof/ / e/f];f ug{', dfq p;}l;t ;jf{]k/L eo /fVg', s]jn p;}l;t cTolws cfzf /fVg' tyf p;}nfO{ O{Zj/ / ;|i6f cflb dfGg'nfO{ eGg] efj ;d]l6Psf] 5 .

cN;c\bLsf] a0f{gcg';f/ cNnfxsf] pkf;gfdf ljz]iftM b'O{j6f lrhx? ;+“u;+“u} x'G5g\, pkf;gfsf] jf:tljstf / r]tgf, cNnfxsf] cflwgtf / pgLl;t dfofsf] ;Dkfbgåf/f l;4 x'G5 . cNnfxl;t k"0f{ dfof / pgsf] k"0f{ clwgtf pkf;gfsf] ;Totf xf] . pkf;gfn] tL b'a} jf tLdWo] s'g} PsnfO{ klg u'dfPsf] eP jf:tjdf Tof] pkf;gf x'“b}g lsgls pkf;gfsf] ;Totf cNnfxsf] cflwgtf / ;dk{0f d} kfOG5 . /, Tof] cNnfxl;tsf] dfof, dfofsf ;a} cfj]udfly x}sd /fVg] u/L kl/k"0f{ ePkl5 dfq b]lvG5 . -^_

…cNnfx s]jn pkf:osf] PSnf] kfq xf]Ú eGg] a'e]m/ cNnfxdfly cf:yf /fVg'sf w]/} cy{x? x'G5g\, eGg] s'/f :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5 . ljz]iftM …cNnfxd} ;dlk{t x'g'kg]{ hLjgsf s}of}+ ?kx? x'G5g\, tYo ga'lemsg hf] sf]xL klg …sf]xL k"hgLo xf]Og cNnfxafx]sÚ eGg] jQmJonfO{ ;dfTg'df c;kmn x'g]5 . Pp6f ;+lIfKt AofVofaf6 tL ?kx?sf] ljrf/nfO{ al9 :ki6 kfg{'k5{ .

klxnf], pkf;gfsf ;a} ;+:sf/x? PSnf] cNnfxs} nflu ;dlk{t x'g'kb{5 . k|fy{gf, a|t, xh -tLy{ofqf_, wd{bfg cflb sfo{x? s]jn cNnfxs} nflu v'zL kfg]{ lgotn] / pgs} pkf;gfsf] dg;fon] dfq} ;DkGg ug{'k5{ . o;k|sf/ s;}n]

~ 12 ~ 

cNnfxafx]s cGo s;}sf] k|fy{gf u/]df p;n] jf:tjdf cNnfxafx]s c? s;}sf] pkf;gf ug]{ d"ntTjsf] pn+3g ub{5 .

bf];|f], hLjgaf/] clGtd / ckf/ clwsf/ cNnfx; “u} /xG5 . csf]{ zAbdf, hf] sf]xLn] klg cNnfxsf cfb]z / cNnfxaf6 pb\eflift k|sfzgfsf] clwgd} /xg'k5{ . cNnfx ;|i6f x'g\, dfgjhfltsf] nflu kyk|bz{gsf P]gsfg"g atfpg] clwsf/ pg}sf] xf] . z]vLn] P]Zj/Lo sfg"gsf] lj/f]w ug{' jf hfgLhfgL To;nfO{ a]jf:tf ug{'sf] cy{ …dflg; oyfy{df O{Zj/df ;dlk{t 5}gÚ eGg] x'G5 . o;/L pm pgnfO{ pkf;gf / ;dk{0fsf] kfq dfGb}g .

t];|f], hf] sf]xLsf] dfof, elQm, OR5f / cjx]ngfx? cNnfxsf k|sfzgf cg';f/} x'g'k5{ . cNnfxsf] ;f“rf] dfof / pkf;gfaf6 lbn el/k"0f{ ePkl5 dfq pQm efj lbnaf6 pln{G5 . x'gt of] Pp6f ;fwf/0f ljrf/ xf] t/ o;sf] ;DaGw b"/ufdL /x]sf] x'G5 . dfG5]sf] lbndf ;a}eGbf lk|o cNnfx x'g'kg]{ cf:yfsf] kl/k"0f{tfsf] cfzo pm cGt/fTdfdf lk|o x'g'kg]{ xf] . of] tYo dfG5]df ldl;Pkl5 dfq pm cfkm\gf] lk|on] dg k/fPsf]nfO{ dg k/fpg / dg gk/fPsf]nfO{ 3[0ff ug{ yfN5 . o;/L cNnfxn] dg k/fpg] kfPkl5 cg'ofoL / ;]jsn] klg To;nfO{ dg k/fpg'k5{ . o;sf] ljk/Lt, s]xL s'/fdf cNnfxn] 3[0ff kfPkl5 -oBlk p;}n] To;nfO{ ;[hgf / ;+;f/df dfgjhfltsf] kl/Iffsf] nflu /fv]sf] / pgLx?sf] nflu pknAw u/fPsf] g} lsg gxf];\_ cg'ofoL / ;]jsn] klg Tof];Fu 3[0ff ug'{k5{ .

cNnfxnfO{ pkf;gfsf] Psn kfq :jLsg{' ;xL Ps}Zj/jfbsf] d"ntTj x'“bfx'Fb} klg ;w}+ of] ljrf/af6 6fl9Psf] jf 7Ls; “u cEof; ul/Psf] e]l6+b}g . of] dfgjhfltsf] jf:tljs 3f6f xf] lsgls Ps}Zj/jfbsf] oyfy{ tyf ;xL / ;'xf“pbf] hLjgsf] ;f“rf] oxL g} xf] .

OAg] t}ldofn] n]v]sf 5g\, …dfG5]nfO{ cNnfxsf] vf“rf] -h;sf] pm pkf;gf u/f];\ / s;}nfO{ p;;“u ;dsIfL g7x/fcf];\_ Pp6f a]hf]8 cfjZostf xf]Ú eGg] tkfO{n] cjZo klg hfGg'k5{ . h;/L of] z/L/nfO{ vfg' / lkpg'sf] cfjZstf k5{ of] klg To:t} xf] . tfklg tL b'a}aLr w]/} km/s 5 . dfgjhfltsf] df]n p;sf] ljrf/ / cfTdfdf x'G5 . logLx? cNnfx; “u, -hf] afx]s cGo sf]xL O{Zj/

~ 13 ~ 

xf]Og_ cfkm\gf ;DaGw lagf ;DkGg x'g ;Sb}gg\ . olb sf]xL cNnfxafx]s c? s;}sf] pkf;gf u5{ / cNnfxl;t klg cf:yf /fV5 clg -To; ldYof pkf;gfaf6_ s]xL cfgGb jf ;Gt'li6 klg kfp“5, o:tf] pkf;gfn] p;nfO{ ljif vfPsf] dfG5]n] ef]Ug] xljut ljgf;eGbf al9 ljgf; k'¥ofp“5===. -&_

k'gM …o; a|fXdf08sf] Pp6} ;|i6f / kfngstf{ xf]Ú eGg] s'/fdf cf:yf /fVg' cNnfxdf ;xL cf:yfsf] nflu kof{Kt 5}g tyf o;df k|z:t hf]8 klg lbPsf] kfOPg . Oltxf;leq s]xL dflg; o;}nfO{ cNnfxdf osLgsf] nflu kof{Kt 7fGy] . ;TotfeGbf a9\tf s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . of] ljZjf; lgZro g} h?/L eP klg kof{Kt 5}g . of] cf:yfnfO{ cNnfxsf] cfb/–;Ddfgsf ;fy;fy} lbnsf] efjgf / sd{sf ;xL ;DaGwåf/f cjZo k5\ofpg'k5{ . ;|i6fnfO{{ ;f “lRrs} cfkm\gf] Psn O{Zj/ dfGg'sf] cy{, …pg} dflg;sf] k/d\ dfof, pkf;gf / cf1fkfngsf] nIo ag'g\Ú eGg] x'g'k5{ . o:tf] ljZjf; ub}{ cNnfxafx]s cGonfO{ x/]s ?kdf pkf:o ePsf] OGsf/ u/]kl5 dfq pm cNnfxdf ljZjf;sf] ;f“rf] cy{ kfng ug]{ JolQm 7xl/G5 .

;+If]kdf, pk/f]Qm s'/fx?sf] cfwf/df -!_ dfG5]nfO{ cNnfxsf] dxfgtf, k"0f{tf / pg} dfq} ;|i6f, bftf / kfngstf{ ePsf] x'gfn] pgsf] pkf;gfdf xf}l;g'k5{ . -@_ o:tf u'0fx? cNnfxd} kfOPsfn] pg} dfq pkf;gf of]Uo x'g\ . -#_ dfG5]n] cNnfxafx]s cGonfO{ x/]s ?kdf pkf;gfaf6 cfkm"nfO{ /f]Sg'k5{ .

Pp6f clGtd t/ dxTjk"0f{ a“'bf tL b'O{ kmf“6sf] cGTodf hf]8\g' h?/L x'G5, . -dfgjLo :jefj, ef}lts ;]/f]k]m/f] tyf o'uf}+o'udf cNnfxsf ;Gb]Zfjfxsx?åf/f l;sfOPsf ;Gb]zx?sf] dWo]gh/_ …cNnfxdf ;f “rf] cf:yfsf Tolt alni6 lrGxx? x'gfn] cNnfxafx]s s;}sf] pkf;gf ug{' a'l4dtf / wfld{s b'a} lsl;dn] k"0f{tof :jLsf/ ug{ of]Uo x'Fb}g .Ú t;y{ cNnfxafx]s c?nfO{ ;dsIfL Pj+ ;fe]mbf/ -lzs{ ug'{_ agfpg' -*_ jf cNnfxsf] pkf;gfnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{' ck/fw xf], o;sf] 3f]/tf / p208tf olt 7"nf] 5 ls o:t} cj:yfdf p;sf] d[To" eof] eg] cNnfxn] o; dxfkfknfO{ dfkm ug]{5}gg\ . cNnfxn] :ki6;Fu eg]sf 5g\, …cNnfxn] cfkm"l;t s;}nfO{ ;fem]bf/ agfpg] sfo{ -lzs{_ nfO{ sbflk Ifdf ug{] 5}gg\ t/ o;afx]ssf cGo kfk h;sf] nflu

~ 14 ~ 

rfxg]5g\ Ifdf ug{]5g\ . h;n] cNnfx;Fu -s;}nfO{_ ;fem]bf/ agfof] p;n] jf:tjdf Pp6f 7"nf] kfksf] ;+/rgf u¥of] .Ú -s'/cfg, $ M $*_

cNnfxsf gfd / u'0fx?df ljZjf; ug{'

cNnfxaf/]cGoq sNkgf g u/L ;f“rf] >4f / ;j{kl/ dfof /fVg' lglDt pgnfO{ Psdfq ;|i6f / kfngstf{ dfGb} pgaf/]cfk\mgf] df}lns b[[li6sf]0feGbf k/ 1fgsf]x/]snfO{ vf“rf] x'G5 .cfkm\gf] k|sfzgf tyf s[kf / bofåf/f cfkm\gf] af/]df cNnfxn] olt w]/} k|;:t 1fg pknAw u/fPkl5 ;Totf vf]Hg] hf] sf]xLn] klg oyfy{ 1fgaf6 cfkm\gf] k|e'nfO{ hfGg / pkf;gf ug{ ;S5 .

d'l:ndx? s'/cfgel/ pb\3[t ul/Psf cNnfxsf gfd / u'0fx?nfO{ hfGg nfnflot x'G5g\ . pbfx/0f:j?k, cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g\, …pg} cNnfx x'g\ h;afx]s cGo sf]xL k"Ho xf]Og . pgL ;d|f6 x'g\ cToGt} kljq, ;j{yf zfGt, lglZrGt k|bfgstf{, ;+/Ifs, k|e'TjzfnL / dxfg\ ag]/ /xg]jfnf . kljq 5g\ cNnfx To; lzs{af6 h'g oL dflg;x? ub{}5g\ . pg} cNnfx x'g\ ;[li6sf] of]hgf agfpg]jfnf / cl:tTj k|bfgstf{ clg ?k agfpg]jfnf . pg}sfnflu pQd gfdx? 5g\ . cfsfzx? tyf k[YjLsf ;f/f lrhx? pgsf] dlxdfufg u5{g\ / pgL k|e'TjzfnL Pj+ tTjbzL{ 5g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, %( M @#–@$_

s'/cfg / ;Gb]zafxsaf6 -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ x/]sn] cNnfxaf/] oL s'/fx? hfGg ;S5, …cNnfx ;a}eGbf al9 dfofn', lg/Gt/ bofjfg, -(_ ;w}+ Ifdfjfg, ;w+} kZrftfk :jLsf/ ug]{, cToGt} ;xgzLn, dfkm ug]{ / dfof ug]{ x'g\ . pgL pbf/, dxfg'efj, bftf / IfdfzLn x'g\ . hf] pgnfO{ k'sf5{g\ pgL ltgLx?sf] pQ/ lbG5g\, pgL ;a}sf /Ifs x'g\ . pgL pTs[i6, dxfg, ;a}vfn] k|z+;fsf] kfq, ;Dk"0f{ ;[li6sf] :jfdL, Gofosf] lbgsf] dflns tyf clGtd k'k{Ifsf] lg0ff{os x'g\ . pgL ;a} ;'Gg], ;a} b]Vg], ;a} hfGg] / k"0f{ b"/bzL{ klg x'g\ . pgL cToGt} hAa/, cToGt} ;Ifd, / ;j{zlQmdfg x'g\ . pgL :jod\ k|ofKt, s;}l;t s'g} klg cfjZostf g/fVg] / ;a} cfxf/sf] bftf x'g\ . pgL k/d / ;af{]Rr x'g\ . pgL cfkm\gf ;[li6sf dfldnfx?sf] k|zf;g ub}{, cfb]z lb“b}, lgif]w ub}{, v'zL x'“b}, l/;fpFb}}, Ogfd lb“b}, ;hfo l+b“b}, k|bfg ub}{, c:jLsf/ ub}{, OHht k|bfg ub}{ tyf cad"Nog ub}{ /xG5g\ . pgL h] klg

~ 15 ~ 

rfxG5g\ ul/xfN5g\ . pgL k"0f{tfsf x/]s u'0faf6 ;';lHht tyf ck"0f{tf jf bf]ifsf ;fgf]eGbf ;fgf] c+zaf6 klg d'Qm 5g\ . h;nfO{ pgLx? pgsf] ;fem]bf/ 7x/fp“5g\, tL ;a}af6 pgL lgs} pRr / k"0f{ 5g\ . Pp6f s0f klg pgsf] OR5f / cg'dlt lagf xlNn+b}g .Ú

cNnfxsf ;DjGwdf crDdsf] o:tf] 1fg dfgjhfltsf] nflu lgs} lxts/ /x]sf] 5 . O{Zj/n] cfkm"af/] k|ofKt 1fg :jod\ k|sfzgf u/]sf 5g\ h;n] ubf{ dfgjhfltnfO{ ef}tfl/g] jf cNdlng] cfjZostf g} kb{}g .

pk/f]Qm tYox?af/]] s'/cfgdf s]xL ljifox? cToGt} :ki6 ul/Psf 5g\, O:nfdL cf:yfg';f/ cNnfxsf] d"lt{ agfO{ k"Hg] s'g} ;+s]t klg kfO+b}g . of] Pp6f o:tf] laGb' xf] h;df klxnfsf w]/} dflg;x? kye|i6 ePsf 5g\ . ;|i6f / ;[li6 cnu / k[ys x'g\ . cNnfxsf u'0fx? p;sf] kljqtf / dxfgtfaf6 k"0f{ 5g\ . cNnfxsf] s'g} u'0f / dfG5]sf] To;} u'0faLr s]xL ;Do'Qm ;f]r cfP klg j:t'tM b'a}sf] pkof]lutfdf ;dfgtf 5}g . o;k|sf/ cNnfxn] :jod\ s'/cfgdf eg]sf 5g\, …cNnfxh:tf] c? sf]xL xf]Og / pgL ;j{>f]tf Pj+ ;j{b|i6f x'g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, $@ M !!_

oxf“ d"lt{ k"hfsf] k"0f{ c:jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 hals To;}a]nf cNnfx ;'Gb5 / b]Vb5 eGg] k'li6 ul/G5 . d'l:ndx? ;w}+ cNnfxsf] k"0f{tfaf]w u/fp “5g\, slxn] klg p;nfO{ c;'xfpFbf] t/Lsfdf a0f{g u/]/ xf]RofpFb}gg\ . g t cNnfx dflg;e “m}+ u'0fx? /fVb5 g dflg; g} O{Zj/Lo u'0f /fVb5 . cl3Nnf] l;4fGtsf] pn+3g ug'{ :ki6 cgf:yf / cNnfx; “u ;dsIfL / ;femf 7x/fpg' xf] .

pkf;gf ug]{ :jefj dfgjhfltsf] Oltxf;b]lv g} pgLx?leq cjl:yt /x]sf] 5 . pgLx?nfO{ k"hf / pkf;gfsf] nflu Pp6f O{Zj/ cjZo rflxof] . pgLx?nfO{ Toxf“ s'g} ljz]if / ;j{dxfg cl:tTj x'g' h;sf] cufl8 pgL ljlGt / ljgd|tf u?g\ eGg] yfx 5 . tfklg pgLx?dWo] w]/}n] cfkm\gf cfzf, e/f];f, ;kgf / cfsf+Iff ;fwf/0ftof cfb/ / pkf;gf of]Uo gx'g] j:t'x?df /fVb5g\, logL k|s[ltsf zlQm, lghL{j j:t', cGo dflg;, d"lt{, /fi6« tyf uf]q cflb x'G5g\ . pkf;gfsf tL ldYof lrhx? ltgsf cfsf+Iff / af]s]sf ;kgfx? k"/f u/fpg ;S5g\ eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf; ug{sf lglDt pgLx?n] cfkm"nfO{ afWo kf5{g\ . csf]{

~ 16 ~ 

zAbdf, pgLx? cfkm\gf] pkf;gfsf tL ldYof j:t'x?nfO{ O{Zj/sf] u'0f k|bfg ug{ yfNb5g\ . cNnfxtk{m kms{g' tyf cNnfxnfO{ pgsf u'0fx?åf/f lrGxfpg' clg …pgn] vf]h]sf] zlQm jf:tjdf cNnfx g} xf], eGg] dfGg'sf] ;§f pgLx? pkf;gf, dfof / k"hfsf] nflu cGo j:t'lt/ pGd'v x'G5g\ . o;n] ubf{ pgL l;wf dfu{ / cfkm\gf] ;xL O{Zj/af6 e6\s]/ w]/} 6f9f uO;s]sf 5g\ .

pQm 7"nf] q'6Laf/] cNnfxn] cg]s 7fp“df k|i6\ofPsf 5g\ . cNnfxdf ePsf u'0fx?nfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{ q'l6sf h'g ;|f]tx?tkm{ logLx? pGd'v x'G5g\, Tof] ltgLx?sf u'0faf/]sf] a]7Ls cf:yf xf] . pbfx/0fsf nflu cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g\, …-x] d'xDdb Û dfgjhfltl;t_ elgb]pm, s] ltdLx? cNnfxnfO{ 5f]8]/ To;sf] pkf;gf u5f}{ h;n] g ltdLx?nfO{ s'g} xflg k'¥ofpg] ;fdYo{ /fV5 g s'g} nfe g} < /, cNnfx ;j{>f]tf / ;j{1 5g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, % M &^_

cNnfx k'gM eG5g\, …ltgLx?eGbf a9L kye|i6 sf] x'g ;S5 hf] cNnfxnfO{ 5f]8L o:tf lrhx?nfO{ k'sf{5g\ h;n] dxfk|no;Dd klg ltgLx?sf] k|fy{gf :jLsf/ ug{ ;Sb}gg\ a? ltgsf k|fy{gfaf/] cgle1 5g\ < /, ha dflg;x?nfO{ Pslqt ul/g]5 ta tL k"Hox? ltgLx?sf zq' x'g]5g\ / ltgLx?sf] pkf;gfnfO{ 7f8} c:jLsf/ ug{]5g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, $^ M %–^_

;+If]kdf, s;}n] cNnfxsf gfd / u'0fx? 7Ls;“u hfg]kl5 sbflk pgLafx]s c? s;}nfO{ klg pkf;gflt/ df]8\g x'Fb}g . pkf;gfsf tL unt cl:tTjx?dWo] sf]xL klg pkf;gfsf nfos x'g ;Sb}gg\ . ltgLx?sf] pkf;gf ub}{ / ltgLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] nIo agfp “b} dflg; cfkm"nfO{ cjd"No dfq ub{5g\ . ;a}eGbf glgsf], …pgLx? cNnfxnfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{, pgL;“u ;dsIfLx?sf] ;dLs/0f ub}{ pgL;Fu l/; cfh{g tyf cfkm\gf] v/fa cGTosf] tof/L ul//x]sf x'G5g\ .Ú

~ 17 ~ 

;+If]k

cNnfxdf ;xL cf:yf g} O:nfdL cf:yfsf] lgrf]8 / sf]z]9' +uf xf] . oxL g} ;f “rf] klg xf] . lhGbuL ;'vL x'g'sf], lhGbuL 7Ls x'g'sf], jf:tljstf a'em\g'sf] tyf v'zL / zflGt k|flKtsf] nflu ;fFrf] klg xf] . dflg;n] cNnfxnfO{ /fd|/L hfg]kl5 cNnfxsf] ;§f s;}sf] pkf;gf p;sf] dgdf cfpg} ;Sb}g . …o;}sf] nflu p;sf] cfTdfsf] ;[li6 / oxL p;sf] lhGbuLsf] p2]Zo xf]Ú oxL s'/f p;nfO{ ljZjf; x'G5 . h;n] Psrf]l6 Ps cNnfxsf] pkf;gfsf] ;'Gb/tf a'em\b5, pm To;afx]s c? s;}sf] pkf;gf ug{ slxNo} klg /x/ jf OR5f k|s6 ug{ ;Sb}g . o;}af6 p;sf] cfTdfnfO{ 9'Ss / p;sf] d'6'nfO{ zflGt k|fKt x'g]5.

a|fXdf08 / dfgjhflt

a|fXdf08sf] ;[li6 / cNnfxsf] cl:tTjtkm{ o;sf] ;+s]t

a|fXfdf08nfO{ ljleGg txx?af6 ;[hgf ul/Psf] 5 . oxf “ k[YjLsf] pkNnf] txdf pHHjn ;d"x / zf}o{ d08n /x]sf] 5 . k[YjLdf kxf8, dxf;fu/ / e"O{“ h:tf lghL{j j:t'x? /x]sf 5g\ . oxf“ hgfj/x?sf] cfkm\gf] 7"nf] ljljwtfsf ;fy clw/fHo /x]sf] 5 . oxf“ ;[li6sf cGo ?kx? klg 5g\ h;nfO{ dflg;n] cfh klg kQf nufP/ cufl8 uO/x]sf 5g\ . oL ;a} j:t'tM O{Zj/Lo sd{sf ;[hgfTds lx:;f x'g\ . …cNnfxn] g} cfsfz / k[YjLx?sf] ;[hgf u/]sf x'g\, s'/cfgdf of] s'/f :ki6 ?kdf ;Djf]wg ul/Psf] 5 .

s'/cfgsf cg]s Znf]sx?df ;[li6sf ljleGg ?ktk{m cNnfxn] cf}+NofpF5g\ / ltgLx?nfO{ lrGxsf] ?kdf lrGtg ug]{ dflg;sf] nflu aofg ub{5g\ . pbfx/0ftM cNnfx eG5g\, …cfsfz tyf wtL{sf] ;[li6df, /ft Pj+ lbgsf] Pskl5 csf{]sf] cfjt–hfjtdf, dflg;x?sfnflu nfebfos ;fdu|Lx? lnP/ ;d'b|df lxF8\g] 8'ª\ufx?df, cfsfzaf6 cNnfxn] aiff{Psf kfgLdf h;af6 pgn] d'bf{ e"ldnfO{ hLljt kf5{g\ clg wtL{df w]/} k|sf/sf hLj–hGt' km}nfpF5g\ tyf xfjfsf] axglqmofdf / cfsfz Pj+ k[YjLaLr lgoGq0fdf /flvPsf afbndf lgZro g} a'l4dfgx?sf nflu ;+s]tx? 5g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, @ M !^$_

~ 18 ~ 

cfhsf] sf]nfxn ;+;f/df of] ;+/rgf / o;df dfG5]x?sf] pkl:ylt tyf oL ;a}sf] k5fl8sf p2]Zox?dfly lrGtg ug]{ ;do s]xL yf]/} JolQmx?;“u dfq} 5 . tfklg dflg;sf] nflu o;df ;f]rljrf/ ug{sf lglDt ;do lgsfNg' dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . olb pgLx? o:tf] u5{g\ eg] pgLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] lhGbuLdf cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ cyf{t\ O{Zj/tk{msf] l;wf dfu{lt/ 8f]¥ofpg] lrGx / kf7x? cjZo e]6fOg]5g\ . oL lrGxx? pgL cfkm\gf] :jod\dfly ljrf/ ubf{ jf:tjdf pgsf] jl/kl/ cjl:yt 5g\ . To;}n] cNnfx eG5g\, …xfdL rfF8} g} ltgLx?nfO{ -hut\sf]_ lIflthdf / ltgLx? :jod\leq klg cfkm\gf lgzfgLx? b]vfpg]5f}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, $! M %#_

o; ;[li6sf] hl6ntf / > [ª\vnfnfO{ dgg ubf{ dflg;nfO{ cjZo Ps a'l4dQf ;|i6f x'g'sf ;fy} o; ;+/rgf k5fl8 cjZo s'g} p2]Zo ePsf] ljZjf; x'G5 . …s;}n] s'g} j:t'sf] o:tf ;'Idtf / k"0f{tfsf;fy ;+/rgf u/]sf] xf];\, k]ml/ klg Tof] ;Dk"0f{ ;+/rgfsf] s'g} cfzo / p2]Zo gxf];\, csfNklgs xf] . o;} ljGb'tk{m cNnfxn] s'/cfgsf cg]s 7fp “df ;+s]t u/]sf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf ?kdf cNnfx eG5g\, …xfdLn] cfsfz / k[YjL tyf tL b'a}aLrsf j:t'x?nfO{ v]n7§fdf ;[li6 u/]sf xf]Ogf}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, @! M !^_

s'/cfgsf] ax;cg';f/ o;sf] c? s'g} pko'Qm lgisif{;Dd k'Ug' ;Dej 5}g . j:t'tM sf]xL O{Zj/nfO{ ;|i6f dfG5, …p;} >]i7 / dxfg cl:tTjn] oL ;a} >[ª\vnf / ;'Gb/tfnfO{ ;[hgf u/]sf x'g\ eGg] 7x/ klg u5{, clg …o; ;+/rgfsf] s'g} p2]Zo 5}gÚ eGg] lgisif{;Dd pm sbflk k'Ug ;Sb}g . Pp6f ;|i6fdf ljZjf; /fv]kl5 ;|i6fsf] cfkm\gf] o; ;[li6 k5fl8 s'g} p2]Zo jf ;f]r 5}g eGg] kTof/ ug{' ;|i6fnfO{ aRrf h:t} tyf u}/a'l4dfg atfpg' xf] . To:tf] cljj]s ;|i6fn] cfddflg; ;fIfL /x]sf] o:tf] ;[li6 pTkGg ug{ ;S5, kTofpg' ufx|f] 5 . xf]Og, j:t'tM ;[li6n] ;|i6fsf] lglZrt u'0fx?tk{m cf}+Nofp“5 / o; ;Dk"0f{ ;+/rgfsf] k5fl8 Pp6f dxTk"0f{ / dxfg\ p2]Zo x'g]tk{m ;+s]t u5{ . k|s[ltsf] ;du| cl:tTjn] ;|i6fsf] Psbd cgf}7f] rl/q ePsf] hgfp“5, pgL of] ;[li6sf s'g} klg lrh v]njf8sf nflu jf ljgf sf/0f ;[hgf ub}{gg\ .

~ 19 ~ 

o; ;[li6dfly dfq} lrGtg ubf{ hf] sf]xLnfO{ k|fKt x'g] bf];|f] clt dxTjk"0f{ lgisif{, …h;n] o;nfO{ cgl:tTjaf6 ;[hgf u/]sf] 5 pgL ;xh} o;nfO{ k'gM ;[hgf ug{ ;S5g\Ú lg:sG5 . /, pgL cj;fgkl5 k'gM ;[hgf ug{ ;Sg] ePdf cjZo pgL ;a}nfO{ d[To'kl5 p7fpg / cfkm" ;fd'Gg] v8f ug{ klg ;S5g\ . o; lgisif{df dfgjhflt / ;+;f/df ltgsf] Jojxf/sf] nflu :ki6tf w]/} cz'e k|lt3ftx? ljBdfg /x]sf 5g\ . t;y{ s'/cfgel/df cNnfxn] dflg;nfO{ oL oyfy{ / cy{ b]vfPsf / a'emfPsf 5g\ . pbfx/0ftM cNnfx eG5g\, …/, p;n] xfd|f]nflu pbfx/0f lbg yfNof] clg cfkm\gf] ;[li6 la:{of] . eGof], oL ;8]un]sf xf8x?nfO{ s;n] hLljt ug{ ;S5 < elgb]pm, ltgnfO{ pg}n] hLljt kfg{]5g\ h;n] ltgnfO{ klxnf]k6s ;[li6 u/]sf lyP . pgL k|To]s ;[li6sf 1ftf x'g\ . h;n] ltdLx?sf]nflu xl/of] a[Ifaf6 cfuf] lgsfn] clg To;}af6 t ltdLx? cfuf]] ;Nsfp“5f} . s] h;n] cfsfzx? tyf wtL{ ;[li6 u/], pgL ltgLx? h:t}nfO{ ;[li6 ug{ ;dy{ 5}gg\ < lsg 5}gg\ < pgL t dxfg\ ;[li6stf{ Pj+ ;j{1 x'g\ . ha pgL s'g} sfo{sf] ;+sNk u5{g\ To;sf]nflu pgsf] sfo{ eOxfn eGg' dfq x'G5, clg Tof] eOxfN5 . clg kljq 5g\ pgL h;sf] xftdf k|To]s j:t'sf] clwkTo /x]sf] 5 / ltdLx? ;a} pg}tk{m kmsf{Og]5f} .Ú -s'/cfg, #^M &*–*#_

o;k|sf/ of] ;[li6 -o; ;+/rgfsf] k5fl8 cjZo Pp6f p2]Zo 5, oyfy{sf] ;Gbe{df_ d[To'kl5 p7fOg'sf :ki6 lrGxx? 5g\ . d/f]0ff]Q/ hLjg -d[To"k/Gt_ sf] wf/0ff k|s[lt;“u afem\b}g a? of] k"0f{tof To;sf] cg'?k 5 .

d/f]0ff]Q/ hLjgnfO{ hf] c:jLsf/ u5{g\ ltgsf] cg'dfg cg';f/ cNnfxn] kSs} s'sdL{x?l;t eQmx? h:t} Jojxf/ ug]{5g\ . of] c;Dej cg'dfg xf] . To:tf] ;f]r O{Zj/df cf:yf g/fVg]x?sf] dfq xf], o;nfO{ cNnfxn] k|sfzgf ub}{ o:tf] sbflk gx'gnfO{ :ki6 kf5{g\ . cNnfx eGb5g\, …/, xfdLn] csfz / k[YjL tyf oL b'a}dfemsf lrhx?nfO{ Joy{ ;[hgf u/]sf 5}gf}+ . of] t sflkm/x?sf] ;f]rfO{ xf] . clg sflkm/x?sf]nflu g/ssf] oftgf /x]sf] 5 . s] xfdL cf:yfjfg tyf ;TsdL{x?nfO{ wtL{df ljWj+; dRrfpg] dflg;x?h:t} agfpF5f}+ t jf O{zeo /fVg]x?nfO{ b'isdL{x?h:t} agfpF5f}+ / <Ú -s'/cfg, #* M @&–@*_

~ 20 ~ 

…;[li6df o:tf cTolws lrGx / cNnfxsf] k|sfzgfdf o:tf cTolws ;"rs tyf kf7x? e]6]kl5 dfG5]n] cfkm" jl/kl/sf ;a} k|df0fx?l;t 7Ls;“u k|ltpQ/ gu/]df p;sf] kl/0ffd s] xf]nf <Ú s;}n] ;f]Wg ;S5 .

dfgjhflt / ;[li6

oL ;[hgfx?dWo] dfgjhflt s]xL k[ys / ljif]z /x]sf] 5 . tfklg k|yd dfgjsf] k|f/lDes ef}lts ;[hgf ljZjsf cGo hGt'x?sf] ;[hgfeGbf w]/} km/s lyPg . s'/cfgsf cg';f/ k|yd dfgj cfbdsf] ef}lts ;+/rgf o; cGtl/Ifdf k"j{b]lv ;[lht b'O{j6f tTj df6f] / kfgLaf6 ePsf] lyof] . Tof] t bf];|f] r/0f lyof] h;df k|yd k'?if cfbdsf] ;[li6sf] ljz]iftf :yflkt eof] . To; r/0fdf dflg;nfO{ Psbd cnu / ck"j{ lsl;dsf] k|f0fL agfOof], pgLx?df Pp6f ef}lts cfsf/ / cNnfxn] ltgnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] Pp6f ljz]if cfWoflTds efj ld;fOof] . jf:tjdf o;}n] g} pgLx?nfO{ of] ;dfg u|xdfly cGo k|f0fLx?af6 w]/} k[ys u/]sf] 5 .

dfgjhfltsf cnu s]xL ljz]if clenIf0fx? lgDg k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\M

-!_ lrGtgzLn g};lu{s efpm, h'g Pp6} cNnfxsf] pkf;gfdf ljZjf; u/fpgsf] nflu tTk/ / sf/0f x'G5 .

-@_ dfgjhfltnfO{ cNnfxn] k|bfg u/]sf] a'l4dfkm{t ljifoj:t'x?nfO{ ;Demg] / a'em\g] Ifdtf / Nofst .

-#_ /fd|f] jf v/fa dfu{dWo] h];'s} klg ckgfpg] :jtGq OR5fzlQm tyf /f]h]sf] s'/fnfO{ ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu ;Lldt :jtGq OR5fzlQm klg .

-$_ /f]h]sf] ljifok|lt hjfkmb]xL, h'g :jtGq OR5fzlQm / Ifdtf lbOg'sf] clgjfo{ kl/0ffd xf] .

-%_ oL ;a} oyfjt x'Fbfx'Fb} s'/cfgdf cf}+NofOPsf] Pp6f yk oyfy{, …;[li6sf ;Dk"0f{ ;|f]tx? p;sf] pkef]usf] nflu, p;sf] jzdf ul/Psf 5g\ .Ú

~ 21 ~ 

pk/f]Qm ljz]if nIf0fx? lbPkl5 …dfG5]sf] lhGbuL Pp6f ljz]if p2]Zosf] nflu xf]Ú eGg] p;n] a'em\g'k5{ .

…pgLx?nfO{ VofnVofnsf nflu agfpg'eGbf ;|i6f w]/} a'l4dfg / clt kljq 5Ú, dflg;sf] ;[li6 / pgLx?n] kfPsf] ljz]if u'0faf6 x/]sn] a'em\g'k5{ . o;af/] cNnfx eG5g\, …ctM s] xfdLn] ltdLx?nfO{ Aoy{ ;[li6 u/]sf 5f}+< /, ltdLx? xfdLtk{m kms{]/ cfpg] 5}gf} eg] cg'dfg ul//fv]sf 5f} <Ú -s'/cfg, @# M !!%_

;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL / dflg;nfO{ ;[hgf ug]{ tyf To;eGbf klg 7"nf] / dxfg ;|i6fn] dflg;nfO{ ljgf lgb]{zg jf pgLx?n] ug{] jf gug{] s'/fx? atfP a]u/ 5f]8\g]jfnf 5}g . p;n] hgfj/x?nfO{ klg ltgn] af “Rg'sf s'/f lgb]{zg u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] nflu cNnfx eGb5g\, …s] dg'ion] of] 7fg]sf] 5 ls pm o:t} -a]nufd_ 5fl8g]5 < -s'/cfg, &% M #^_

t;y{ …of] hLjgdf dfG5]sf sd{x? p;sf] :jod\tkm{ Pp6f jf:tljs pkzfvf /fV5g\Ú dfG5]n] a'em\g'k5{ . o; cy{df, p;n] u/]sf] s'g} sd{ a]dtna jf ljgf sf/0fsf 5}gg\ . p;sf] hLjgsf] oxf “ s] p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 eg] tyf ;|i6f p;sf x/]s sd{, ;f]r, lgot / lx+8\8'naf6 cjut 5 .

…o; hLjgdf p;sf] Pp6f p2]Zo 5, o;nfO{ a'em\g dfgjhfltsf] nflu clt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . pQm 7DofO{ hLjgdf kl/jt{gsf] klxnf] sbd x'g;S5, h;df cfkm\gf dxfg / rlst kfg]{ ;[hgftkm{ s;}n] cfkm\gf] k"0f{ OR5fn] ;dk{0fsf] nflu kms{g ;S5 . pQm oyfy{ ga'lemsg s'g} ljz]if t/Lsfaf6 Jojxf/df kl/0ft ug{'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo jf cy{sf] vf “rf] gx'g klg ;S5 . s'g} cf}lrTo gx'g', g}lts tj/n] s]xL unt jf s]xL ;xL gx'g', s'g} O{Zj/ gx'g' jf cl:tTjsf] s'g} p2]Zo gx'g'sf] cfzo eof], …dflg; cfkm\gf] dgk/L h'g z}nLdf klg Jojxf/ u?g\ . o; ;[li6sf] jf:tljstf, o;sf] p2]Zo / o;df p;sf] st{Jotkm{ dflg;sf cf“vfx? v'n]kl5 Toxf “ 7"nf] / ulx/f] c;/ x'g;S5 . cd]l/sL sf/fuf/x?df sfo{;Dkfbg ubf{ o; u|Gysf/sf]] lghL cg'ej /x]sf] 5 . cg]s s}bLx?l;t …pgLx?n] cfkm\gf ck/fw lsg u/]Ú eg]/ ;f]Wbf ;a}sf] Psgf;sf] k|Zg x'GYof], …lsg g ug'{kg]{ <Ú …pgLx? o; ck/fwaf6 6f9f /x]sf]

~ 22 ~ 

eP gklqmGy]Ú pgL ;a}l;tsf] Pp6} k|ltpQ/ lyof] . Pp6f ;|i6fk|lt hjfkmb]xLtf jf o; hLjgsf] p2]Zoaf/] lrGtgsf] s'g} k|ltpQ/ lyPg . …of] cl:tTj cy{xLg / ;+hf]u dfq xf]Ú h:tf] lgs} d"Vof{O{o'Qm ljZjf; /fv]sf dflg;sf] ;f]r lj?4 s;}n] w]/} ax; ug{ ;Sb}g .

clxn] s]xL dflg;x?, …dfgjhflt s]jn qmlds pGglt ub{} hgfj/af6 pTkGg ePsf x'g\Ú h:tf] O:nfdL cf:yf ljk/Lt ljZjf; /fV5g\ . o:tf] ;f]r cg';f/, …dflg; s]jn ef}lts tTjx?sf] bf]xf]/f] k|lqmof x'g\ tyf lgs6td\ uf]qsf] gSsncg';f/ hgfj/af6 k|ToIf cf]n{]sf 5g\ .Ú …Toxf “ dfG5] / af “b/aLr w]/} s8Lx? x/fPsf 5g\ tyf j}1flgs ljrf/x? klg qmlds pGgltsf] l;4fGt lj?4 prflnPsf 5g\Ú oyfy{nfO{ oxf“ a]jf:tf ul/Psf] 5 . s] of] ck/Dkf/ / zfgbf/ ljZj a|fXdf08sf ;a} lx:;faf/] To;f] x'g ;S5 t < s] hgfj/eGbf w]/} k/ / pRr Ifdtf lbPsf dflg; s'g} >]i7 p2]Zo jf ;|i6fk|lt hjfkmb]lx a]u/ hgfj/eGbf al9 s]xL xf]Ogg\ < …of] b[li6sf]0f jf:tjdf k"0f{tM s'tfls{s / cfGtl/s lx;fan] w]/} xflgsf/s 5Ú eGg] 7x/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

dfgjcfTdf g};lu{stj/n] kfkL x'g'df klg s]xL dflg; ljZjf; ub{5g\ . o;sf] ljk/Lt, ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ :jod\n] eg]sf 5g\, …x/]s aRrf lkmT/x -k|fs[lts dfu{ cyf{t\ O:nfd wd{_ df hGdG5 . t/ tL p;sf cfdfa'jf x'g\ hf] p;nfO{ ox'bL, lqmlZrog cyjf dh';L agfpg] u5{{g\ .Ú -!)_ …aRrf g};lu{stj/n] kfkL hGdG5Ú …x/]s aRrf ;f “rf] wd{df hGdG5Ú eGbf w]/} k/ 5 . To;kl5 kl/jf/, ;dfh / jftfj/0fsf] s'k|efjåf/f sf]xL cz'4 dfu{ cg';/0f ug{ k'U5 .

w]/} O{zfO{x? …g};lu{s kfkÚsf] ljrf/df ljZjf; /fV5g\ . …k|yd dfgj cfbdn] h'g kfk u/]sf lyP Tof] pgsf ;Dk"0f{ ;Gtltdfly nfu]sf] 5Ú pQm ljZjf;sf] cy{ xf] . t;y{ aRrfnufot x/]ssf] sfFwdfly Tof] nfu]sf] 5 . -pgsf] egfO{g';f/_ To;nfO{ x6fpg] Pp6} pkfo xf], …O{Zj/n] cfkm\gf] k'qnfO{ aln r9fpg' .Ú of] cf:yf ljz]iftM To;sf] clGtd efu :ki6;“u O:nfdL Ps}Zjfbsf] lj?4 /x]sf] 5 . O{Zj/sf] cfkm\gf] s'g} k'q 5}g . pm cfkm\gf] s'g} ;dsIf jf s;}nfO{ s'g} lx;fan] cfkm\gf] t'Nn jf cfkm\gf] s'g} gft]bf/ /fVb}g .

~ 23 ~ 

O:nfdL dfGotfcg';f/ cfbd / xJjf b'a}n] z}tfgåf/f 5lnP/;“u; “u} uNtL u/]sf lyP . tfklg pgLx? b'a}n] O{Zj/;“u kZrftfk u/] tyf O{Zj/n] ltgsf] kZrftfk :jLsf/ u/] . oxfF g} ltgLx?sf] kfksf] cGTo eof] . Tof] kfk c?dfly nfUg] cy{} 5}g . cem al9 csf{sf] kfkaf/] lgbf]{if JolQmx?nfO{ bf]ifL agfpg' cNnfxsf] nflu xb};Ddsf] cGofo xf] . o;af/] cNnfx eG5g\, …h;n] hlt sdfpF5 p;sf] efuLbf/ cfkm}+ x'G5 . /, s'g} klg ef/L af]Sg]n] c? s;}sf] ef/L af]Sg] 5}g .Ú -s'/cfg, ^ M !^$_

t;y{ O:nfdL kl/b[Zodf g};lu{s kfksf] ljrf/wf/f :ki6tM e"m7f] / ;f/df xflgsf/s b]lvG5 . o;n] O{Zj/ / p;sf] Gofoaf/] clt unt efjgf lbG5 . cem o;n] dfG5]nfO{ p;sf] cfTdf g};lu{s tj/n] kfkL x'g] cf:yfaf6 b'lift agfp “+5 .

cfTdfaf/] O:nfdL ljrf/wf/f cl3sf lrGtsx?sf] uNtL / a]7Ls wfld{s ljZjf;x?af6 :jtGq 5 . o;n] dfgjhfltnfO{ p;sf] 7Ls e"ldsfdf /fV5 / of] k"0f{tof dfG5]sf] :jefj cg's'n, o'lQm;+“ut / ;[li6sf] df}hbft xf] .

dfgjsf] bhf{

dflg; cNnfxsf ;[hgf x'g\ . dflg; s'g} klg z}nLdf h;/L klg O{Zj/Lo x'Fb}gg\ . pgLx? s'g} O{Zj/Lo u'0fdf klg cNnfxsf] lx:;]bf/ 5}gg\ . of] ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhflt / JolQm ljz]ifsf] nflu klg Psbd ;xL s'/f] xf] . sf]xL dfG5] O{Zj/sf] jf:tljs k'q jf k'qL x'g ;Sb}gg\ . …cNnfxn] ;+/rgf u/]sfdWo] dflg; ;aeGbf 7"nf] jf ;aeGbf dxfg\ klg xf]Ogg\, of] pgLx?n] :jLsf/ ug'{k5{ . cNnfx eG5g\, …cfsfzx? / k[YjLsf] ;[hgf lg;Gb]x g} dfgjhfltsf] ;[hgfeGbf dxfg\ sfo{ xf] .Ú -s'/cfg, $) M %&_

…dfG5] ;f“lRrs} cNnfxsf] cfd;+/rgfdWo] Pp6f ;fgf] c+z xf]Ú ljrf/ ubf{ p;n] ljgd| x'g'k5{ . pk/f]Qm j0f{g ul/P cg';f/ cNnfxn] dfgjhfltnfO{ ljleGg cfzLif aV;]sf / pgLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf cglulGt ;[li6x?eGbf dfly / al9 u'0fx? lbPsf 5g\ .

~ 24 ~ 

jf:tjdf x/]s JolQmsf] k|ltIffdf b'O{j6f leGg ;DefJotfx? /xG5g\ . ;f] cj:yf k|f/lDes dfG5]sf] k|f/lDes ;+/rgfb]lv g} sfod /x]sf] 5 . cfbdsf] ;[li6kl5 kml/Ztfx? -:ju{b"t_ nfO{ cfbdsf] ;fi6fË ug{] x's'd lbOPsf] lyof] . oL kml/Ztfx? kf/nf}lss zlQmaf6 vfFlbPsf x'G5g\, logLx?n] dflg;nfO{ ;'sd{ ug{ rfxg]a]nf ltgLx?sf] 5]j}df /x]/ ;w}+ 6]jf k'¥ofp “5g\ . Toltv]/ Toxf“ z}tfg -!!_ klg lyof], p;n] dfgjhfltsf] b'Zdg /xg] / ;s];Dd pgLx?nfO{ kye|i6 ug{]{ zky lnPsf] lyof] . o;k|sf/ b'O{ ;DefJotfx? :yflkt ePsf lyP . dflg; dflyeGbf dfly psNg cyjf tneGbf tn cf]n{gsf] nflu :jtGq 5 .

oyfy{df hLjgsf] p2]Zo cNnfxsf] pkf;gf ug{' / pgnfO{ v'zL kfg{' xf] . o;k|sf/ abnfdf pgsf] v'zL klg k|fKt ug{' xf] . O{Zj/sf] ;Rrf ;]js x'g' dfgjhfltsf] c;Ld p2]Zo xf] . o;eGbf 7"nf] c? s'g} p2]Zo xf]Og . s]jn oxL p2]Zo dfgjhfltsf] cfTdfsf] nflu jf:tjdf ;xL ;fFrf] :yfgdf Nofpg ;S5 lsgls dflg;sf] cfTdfdf o;}sf] ulx/f] klxrfg /x]sf] 5 .

o;eGbf cl3 a9]/ …cNnfxsf] pkf;gf ub}{ sf]xL klg w]/} pTs[i6, >]i7 / OHhtbf/ x'g;S5 . To;eGbf dxfg jf >]i7 sf]xL x'Fb}gÚ clwstd\ ;DefJotf x'G5 . of] x/]slg/ :ki6 x'g'k5{ . hlt al9 pm To; p2]Zotkm{ lx “8\5, Tolt al9 g} pm efUodfgL x'gk'U5 / Psdfq ;f “rf] O{Zj/ tyf :jfdLlt/ cfkm"nfO{ ;dk{0f ubf{ p;n] al9 OHht cfef; ug{'k5{ . pQm oyfy{ :jLsf/]kl5 o; ;DefJotfnfO{ 7"nf] kfg{sf lglDt p;n] k|lt:k|4f{ ug{'k5{ .

jf:tjdf s;}n] :ki6 p2]Zo /fVg :jLsf/]kl5 p;sf] cfTdfdf sf]lzzx? uxg x'G5g\ . p;nfO{ p2]Zox?sf] ckf/ ;f]rsf] k5fl8 nv]6\g] cfjZostf kb}{g, tLdWo] s'g}nfO{ klg k"0f{tof k"/f ug{' of]Uo jf To;af6 ;Gt'i6 x'g'nfos pm slxn] klg x'“b}g . -w]/}h;f] dflg;sf p2]Zox? k/:k/ lj/f]wL x'g] ub{5g\ / pgLx? tL ;a}nfO{ k"/f ug{ ;Sb}gg\ ._

O:nfddf ;Dk"0f{ dfgjsf] ;f/e"t ;dfgtf

h'g a'“bfnfO{ ;dfTg cfw'lgs ;dfhn] clxn] klg sf]lzz ul//x]sf] 5 To;df O:nfdsf] lzIff hf]8bf/ ?kdf p7\g] u/]sf] 5 . Tof] ;Dk"0f{ dflg;sf]

~ 25 ~ 

;f/e"t ;dfgtf xf] . ;a} dflg;x? cNnfxsf ;+/rgf x'g\, pgLx?dWo] x/]sdf cNnfx;fd' ;dk{0f / pkf;gf ub}{ dfgjhfltsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] p“rfO{;Dd k'Ug] Ifdtf ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 . o;k|sf/ dflg; dflg;aLr s'g} lje]b 5}g, pgLx?sf] /f]hfO{n] dfq pgLx?nfO{ cNnfx, sfg"g / ;d'bfosf cGo ;b:ox?sf] b[li6df cnu ug]{5 . uf]q, /+u / /fli6«otfsf] o;df s'g} klg e"ldsf 5}g .

cNnfx eG5g\, …x] dfgj Û xfdLn] ltdLx?nfO{ Ps k'?if tyf Ps :qLaf6 ;[li6 u¥of}+ / ltdLx?sf ljleGg hflt tyf a+z agfof}+ tfls ltdLx? Ps csf{nfO{ lrGg ;s . jf:tjdf cNnfxsf] b[li6df ltdLx?dWo] ;jf{lws k|ltli7t Tof] JolQm xf] hf] ltdLx?dWo] ;a}eGbf clws O{zeo /fV5 . lg:;Gb]x cNnfx ;j{1 tyf ;';"lrt 5g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, $( M !#_

;Gb]i6f -d'xDdb–pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ n] e]nf ul/Psf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] hg;d"x cufl8 pk/f]Qm s'/cfgL lzIffnfO{ JoQm ubf{ o;/L cem al9 :ki6 u/]sf lyP, …x] dflg;x? xf] Û ltd|f] :jfdL ;f “lRrs} Pp6} xf] / ltd|f] jf:tljs lktf klg Pp6} xf] . lg;Gb]x s'g} c/aLnfO{ s'g} u}/c/aLdfly s'g} >]i7tf 5}g g s'g} u}/c/aLnfO{ c/aLdfly s'g} >]i7tf k|fKt 5 . To;}u/L uf]/f]nfO{ sfnf]dfly s'g} >]i7tf 5}g g g} sfnf]nfO{ uf]/f]dfly s'g} >]i7tf k|fKt 5 . elQmåf/f dfq} sf]xL csf]{dfly al9 >]i7 x'G5 . s] jf:tjdf d}n] ltdL;Dd ;Gb]z k'¥ofO;s]+<Ú-!@_

dfgjhfltaLr cGt/ ltgdf ljefhgsf] sf/0f x'g'sf] ;§f ;|i6fsf] dxfgtftkm{ cf}+Nofp“5 . cNnfx eG5g\, …/, cNnfxs} lgzfgLx?dWo] xf] cfsfzx? tyf wtL{sf] ;[li6 / ltdLx?sf efiffx? Pj+ j0f{x?sf] leGgtf . lgZro g} o;df 1fgLx?sf nflu w]/} lgzfgLx? /x]sf 5g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, #) M @@_

o;k|sf/ cNnfxsf] ;fFrf] pkf;s x'g'sf] åf/ uf]q / /fli6«otf h:tf s'/fl;t ;/f]sf/ g/fvL ;a}sf] nflu v'nf 5 . …cNnfxsf] pkf;gfsf] o;} dfWodn] jf:tjdf sf]xL OHht / dof{bfsf] xsbf/ / u'0fx?af6 kl/k"0f{ x'G5 eGg] O:nfdL l;4fGt Oltxf;el/df lg/Gt/ Jojxfl/s /x]sf] 5 .

~ 26 ~ 

O:nfdaf/] b'ik|rf/tkm{ Wofg glbPsf] ePdf dfgjhfltsf] ;f/e"t ;dfgtfdf :qL / k'?if b'a} ;fd]n 5g\ . cNnfx Pp6f kf/nf}lss cl:tTj / pkf;gfsf] Psn xsbf/ x'g'df k'?if / :qLaLr -!#_ s]xL lje]b 5}g . O{Zj/lg/ b'a} ;dfg 5g\ .

pbfx/0fsf] nflu cNnfx eG5g\, …k'?if xf];\ jf dlxnf h;n] O{dfg NofP/ ;Tsd{ u5{ xfdL cjZo g} p;nfO{ kljq hLjgofkg u/fpg]5f}+ / pgLx?n] u/]sf sfo{x?sf] pQd k|ltbfg k|bfg ug{]5f}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, !^ M (&_ o; Znf]ssf] cy{nfO{ s'/cfgsf cGo :yfgx?df klg bf]xf]¥ofOPsf] kfOG5 .

…O:nfdn] dlxnfx?nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf xs Pj+ clwsf/x? klZrdfsf dlxnfx?n] xfn;Dd kfPsf 5}gg\ eGg] /fd|/L :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5 . oLdWo] ;DklQsf] :jfldTj / cfkm\gf] lghL Jofkf/ rnfpg] xs Pj+ clwsf/nufotsf cGo klg w]/} dfldnfx? 5g\ . x/]s bz{g, wd{ / ;+:s[ltn] s'g} dfldnfsf] al9 d"No 7x/fp “5 t s'g}nfO{ k/ 9s]N5 . O:nfddf ;a}eGbf al9 dxTjk"0f{ u'0f cNnfxsf] elQm / cf1fkfng xf] . O:nfddf bf];|f] al9 d"Nojfg u'0f wd{af/] 1fg x'g' xf] . oL b'a} dfldnfx?df dlxnfx? k"0f{tof k'?if ;dfg 5g\ . O:nfdL Oltxf;df dlxnfx?sf] AofVof ul/Psf] kfOG5 . o;}u/L pgLx?sf] elQm / lzIffsf] sb/ klg ul/Psf] 5 . …dflg;sf] d"Nof+sg ltgLx?sf] ;'Gb/tf, of}gzlQm, v]nsf] bf}8, lta|tf, /fd|f] ufg, gfRg' jf clego ug{'åf/f x'G5, O:nfdn] eGb}g . oL ljifoj:t'x?nfO{ cfw'lgs ;Eotfn] al9 dxTj lbPklg O:nfdL b[li6sf]0fdf dflg;sf] d"Nof+sg ubf{ tL kmh"ndWo] x'g\ . ;du|df o; hLjgdf al9 d"Nojfg j:t'x? eg]sf] cNnfxsf] elQm / wfld{s 1fg xf] . O:nfddf dlxnf / k'?if Psbd a/fa/ 5g\ / O:nfdL gh/df of] a/fa/Lsf] ;aeGbf al9 dxTjk"0f{ pbfx/0f klg xf] .

wd{

;[li6 / dflg;x?af/] lj:t[t ax; ul/;s]kl5 ca kfnf] :jod\ wd{sf] cfjZostfaf/] ax;sf] cfof] . cem h'g cfwf/df Pp6f wd{ :jLsf/ ug{ nfos x'g;S5 To;dfly klg ax; x'g h?/L 5 .

~ 27 ~ 

dflg;nfO{ wd{sf] cfjZostf

ljZj clt w]/} ef}lts r/0fdf k|j]z ul/;s]sf] 5 . lj1fgn] k|s[ltnfO{ lhlt;Sof] / ca wd{, syf / k"j{sf cGwljZjf;x?sf] s'g} cfjZostf g} 5}g h:tf] nfU5 . tfklg wd{ 6f9f ePsf] 5}g . 6f9f x'g' t a]Un} xfn ;dodf ;+;f/el/df wd{sf] k'g?Tyfg eO;s]sf] 5 .

s'/cfg / ;'Ggtsf] d"nkf7sf] pNn]vcg';f/ dfG5]leq wd{ :jefljs x'g' :ki6 5 . cNnfxn] dflg;sf] ;[li6 O{Zj/nfO{ hfGg' / p;sf] pkf;gfsf] OR5f /fVg' g};lu{s efjleq kb{5 . ;Gb]zjfxs -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ n] klg eg]sf 5g\ …;'g, ltdLn] ghfg]sf] / d]/f] dflnsn] dnfO{ cfh} l;sfPsf] s'/f ltdLnfO{ l;sfpg dnfO{ x's'd lbOPsf] 5===-O{Zj/n] eg]sf 5g\_, …d}n] cfkm\gf ;Dk"0f{ ;]jsx?nfO{ cNnfxsf] pkf;gfsf g};lu{s e'msfpmsf ;fy ;[hgf u/]sf] 5' . t/ z}tfgx? ltgLx?lg/ cfP/ ltgnfO{ ltgsf] -;f“rf]_ wd{af6 6f9f kfl/lbG5g\ . /, h]hlt ltgLx?sf nflu d}n] j}w u/]sf] 5' To;nfO{ cj}w agfp “5g\ / ltgLx?nfO{ d;“u ;dsIfL 7x/fpg] lg/fwf/ cfb]z lbG5g\ .Ú -!$_

…dflg;df cGt/lglxt g};lu{s e'msfjnfO{ bafpg], n'sfpg] jf aª\Uofpg] sf]lzz ug]{ s'zlQmx? klg ljBdfg 5g\ eGg] pk/f]Qm cg'R5]baf6 klg :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5 . t/ ltgLx?n] dflg;sf] cfTdfsf] ulx/fO{df h/f] uf8]sf] ;TonfO{ eg] sbflk dfg{ ;Sb}gg\ . s]xLdf ;kmn eP klg ;a}df dfg{ ;Sb}gg\ . ;a}n] wd{ gdfg] klg slDtdf s]xL dflg;x? O{Zj/ / wd{ cyf{t\ cNnfxl;t ;DalGwt cf:yf / cEof;x?nfO{ ;w}+ dfG5g\ . …o;k|sf/ g}lts tj/n] x/]s JolQmn] wd{sf] s'g} g s'g} ?k / clGtd cl:tTj jf O{Zj/df bx|f] ljZjf; ul/;s]sf] 5Ú, of] crfgssf] s'/f xf]Og .

o; ;+;f/df ef}ltsjfbLx? Pp6f s'/f slxNo} klg c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sb}gg\, …dflg;sf] ;+/rgfdf ef}lts c+z;“u;“u} u}/ef}lts c+z klg /x]sf] 5, To;nfO{ cfTdf jf cnf}lss efu elgG5 .Ú ef}ltsjfbLx? dfgjsf] ef}lts c+zl;t dfq ;/f]sf/ /fVb5g\ . pgLx? p;sf] a[xt\ cnf}lss c+znfO{ ;3fpg lglDt p;sf] dgdf ljzfn l/Qmtf 5f]8\b} s]xL klg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . p;n] To; l/QmtfnfO{ cg'ej u/]kl5 dfq p;nfO{ Toxf“ s]xL unt x'g] osLg x'G5 .

~ 28 ~ 

pgLx?n] To; l/QmtfnfO{ s]xLaf6 eg{ rfxG5g\ . oBlk pgLx? w]/} ef}lts s'/f jf ljleGg ef}lts j:t'x? -dlb/f, nfu' kbfy{_ tkm{ df]8\g ;Sb5g\ t/ o:tf s'/fx? slxNo} klg ;xL tj/n] pgLx?sf] hLjgsf] z"Gotf eg{ ;Sb}gg\ .

pgLx? cfkm" jl/kl/sf ef}ltsjfbL k|rf/k|;f/af6 k/ x6]df pgLx?nfO{ …pgsf] hLjg / lbnaf6 x/fPsf] s'/f O{Zj/ / wd{ xf]Ú, kQf nfU5 .

k|Voft O:nfdL ljåfg OAg] t}ldofn] n]Vg'ePsf] 5, …lbn cfkm\gf] dflnssf] pkf;gfsf] dfWodn] p;l;t dfof ub}{ / p;tkm{ -kZrftfkåf/f_ kms{b} dfq :j:y x'g ;S5, ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;S5, v'zL x'g ;S5, ;Gt'i6 x'g ;S5, cf/fd dx;'; ug{ ;S5, l:y/tf / zflGt kfpg ;S5 . oBlk ;[li6af6 x/ k|sf/sf] ;'v p;nfO{ k|fKt x'g ;S5 t/ 9'Ss jf k|zfGt x'g ;Sb}g . lsgls lbndf cfkm\gf] dflnssf] cfGtl/s OR5f /x]sf] 5, lsgls pm o;sf] O{Zj/ xf], dfof / cg';/0f xf] / p;; “u o;nfO{ df]h, ;'v, cfgGb, ;'ljwf, zflGt / l:y/tf k|fKt x'g' lglZrt 5 .Ú -!%_

OAg] t}ldofsf] pk/f]Qm cleAoQmsf] s'/cfgL Znf]sx?af6 klg k'li6 x'G5 . pbfx/0ftM cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g\, …tL JolQmx? Hff] Odfg Nofpg] x'g\ / h;sf x[bon] cNnfxsf] :d/0faf6 ;Gt'li6 k|fKt u5{g\ . /, hflg/fv cNnfxsf] :d/0faf6 g} x[box? ;Gt'i6 x'g] u5{g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, !#M@*_

cNnfxn] cem eGb5g\, …x] cf:yfjfgx? xf] Û cNnfx / /;"nsf cfb]zx?nfO{ :jLsf/ u/ ha /;"nn] ltdLx?nfO{ o:tf] sfo{sf nflu af]nfpF5g\ h'g ltdLx?nfO{ hLjg k|bfg u5{ . hflg/fv cNnfx dflg; tyf p;sf] x[boaLr kbf{ aGg k'U5g\ . /, of] klg hflg/fv ltdLx? pgs};fd' Pslqt ul/g]5f} .Ú -s'/cfg, * M @$_

k'g{hLjgsf nflu of] g} ;xL hLjg xf], o;}tkm{ cNnfx / p;sf ;Gb]zjfxsn] x/]snfO{ af]nfO/x]sf 5g\ . lbnsf] oxL p4f/ / oyfy{ hLjg xf] lsgls o;n] dfG5]nfO{ jf;gf, s'OR5f, s'ljZjf; / syfx?sf] bf; x'g'af6 arfp“5 . of] cfTdfsf] nflu jf:tljs hLjg xf] / o;}n] p;nfO{ cgle1tf, cfz+sf / cnkqaf6 arfp “5 . of] :jo+ dfG5]sf] nflu ;xL hLjg xf] lsgls

~ 29 ~ 

o;n] p;nfO{ c? dflg; / bz{gx?sf] clwgtf / bf;tfaf6 arfp“5 . o;n] pgLx?nfO{ cfk}+m :jLsf/]sf] / cfh{g u/]sf] clGtd p2]Zo cyf{t\ PSnf] cNnfxsf] pkf;gf / rfs/L ug{sf] nflu :jtGq kf5{ . of] p;sf] dfgdof{bfsf] ;|f]t / p;sf] ;+/rgfsf] p2]Zo xf] . cGttM of] :ju{df :jfdLl;t v'zL x'g' / bf;l;t :jfdLn] v'zL x'g'sf], cgGt k/d ;'v / efUodfgL hLjg xf] .

;Towd{sf kl/df0fx?

dfgjhfltsf] Oltxf; kN6fp“bf …dflg; wd{dfGg] OR5f /fVb5g\ eGg] yfx x'G5 . tfklg Toxf“ w]/} wd{x? 5g\ / x/]sn] cfkm\gf] wd{nfO{ ;f “rf] wd{;/x k|:t't ub{5g\ / To;nfO{ dfgjhfltsf] nflu clt ;~rf] Nofpg] atfp“5 . o;k|sf/ of] kl/R5]bdf n]vsn] cfkm\gf] dfGotf cg';f/ s'g} wd{nfO{ ;f“rf] eg]/ 5'6\ofpgsf] nflu $ kl/df0fx? k]z ug{ dg k/fPsf 5g\ .

k|yd, …wd{n] cfkm\gf] df}lns ;|f]t cjZo O{Zj/nfO{ 7x/fpg'k5{ .Ú cl3b]lv pNn]v u/]cg';f/ O{Zj/af/]sf tkl;nx? O{Zj/afx]s s;}n] hfGg ;Sb}g . …;aeGbf al9 dxTjk"0f{ s'/f O{Zj/sf] pkf;gf s;/L ug{'k5{Ú O{Zj/afx]s s;}nfO{ yfx 5}g . dflg; O{Zj/af/] w]/} pko'Qm lgisif{;Dd k'Ug ;Ifd eP klg …s;}n] -O{Zj/sf] k|sfzgf lagf_ O{Zj/sf] pkf;gf ug{] ljlw kQf] nufPsf] 5Ú df}lns tj/n] bfaL ug{ ;Sb}g . o;k|sf/ s;}sf] dgdf clGtd p2]Zo O{Zj/nfO{ ;f“lRrs} v'zLkfg'{ tyf pko'Qm ljlwdf p;sf] pkf;gf ug'{ ePdf p;sf] nflu p;}sf] kyk|bz{g / lgb]{zgtkm{ pGd'v x'g'afx]s s'g} ljsNk /x “b}g .

o;k|sf/ pk/f]Qm klxnf] kl/df0fsf] cfwf/df dfgjlgld{t s'g} klg wd{ tfls{s ljsNk xf]Og . dflg;n] hlt ;Sbf] sf]lzz u/] klg O{Zj/sf] pkf;gfsf] ljlwaf/] clwsfl/s tj/n] s]xL eGg ;Sb}g .

…O{Zj/n] Ps}rf]l6 wd{sf] /rgfdf e"ldsf v]n]5Ú pQm k|df0fsf] cfzo klg xf]Og . xf]Og, pQm k|df0fsf] cfzo …wfld{s lzIffsf k"/f sfo{If]q cNnfxaf6} cfp“5 eGg] xf] . s]xL o:tf wd{x? /x]sf 5g\ h;sf] d"n t cNnfxaf6} xf] t/ kl5 ltgsf cg'ufdLx? dfgjLo ljrf/dfly e/ ub}{ To;nfO{ ;dfof]hg u/],

~ 30 ~ 

g/d agfpg jf abNgsf] nflu cfkm"nfO{ :jtGq dx;"; u/] . sf/jfxL ub}{ pgLx?n] jf:tjdf Pp6f gof“ wd{ g} /rgf ul/;s] h'g O{Zj/n] k|sfzgf u/]sf]af6 km/s 5 . o;n] Psrf]l6 k'gM p2]ZonfO{ aaf{b ub{5 . h] cNnfxn] k|sfzgf u/]sf] 5 To;df dfgjhfltaf6 kl/jt{g jf ;Rofpg'sf] cfjZost} 5}g . o:tf] s'g} km]/abn jf kl/jt{gsf] cy{ O{Zj/n] k|sfzgf u/]sf] dfu{af6 6fl9g' xf] . o;k|sf/ s'g} k]m/abn jf kl/jt{g dfgjhfltnfO{ cNnfxsf] pkf;gfsf] ;xL ljlwaf6 6f9f g} n}hfg]5 .

o;/L klxnf] kl/df0fn] wd{sf] pTyfg cNnfxaf6 x'g'k5{ eGg] atfp“5 . tfklg of] k|ofKt 5}g . bf];|f] kl/df0f …cNnfsf lzIffx? ltgsf df}lns ?kdf ;'/lIft x'g'k5{g\Ú klg xf] . o;sf] ts{ :ki6 x'g'k5{ . df}lns k|sfzgf t O{Zj/af6} eof] t/ kl5 dflg;af6 kl/jt{g ul/of] jf aª\UofOof], t O{Zj/sf] wd{ / dflg;n] yk]sf] ld;fj6 dfq xft nfU5 . w]/} ;do;Dd O{Zj/sf] z'4 wd{ af“Rb}g . of] Pp6f :ki6 ts{zf:q h:tf] b]lvP klg o; aF'bfnfO{ ga'em]sf dflg;nfO{ P]ltxfl;s tj/n] k|dfl0ft x'g g;s]sf wd{zf:q jf lzIffx?sf] cGwf] cg';/0f ub}{ u/]sf] b]Vbf crDd nfUg ;S5 .

t];|f] kl/df0f, wd{nfO{ kl5Nnf] wd{sf] s'g} ?kaf6 /2 jf avf{:t gul/Psf] xf];\ eGg] xf] . csf]{ zAbdf …O{Zj/ kl5Nnf] jf cl3Nnf] wd{nfO{ /2 jf vfl/h u/L Pp6feGbf al9 k|sfzgf ug{ jf Pp6feGbf al9 ;Gb]zjfxs k7fpg ;S5g\ .Ú o:tf] cj:yfdf sf]xL O{Zj/k|lt ;f“lRrs} ;dlk{t x'G5, pm cg';/0f ug{sf] nflu /2 ul/Psf] lzIffnfO{ /f]Hg] tyf O{Zj/n] clxNo} cg';/0f x'g rfx]sf] lzIffnfO{ a]jf:tf ug]]{ clwsf/ /fVb}g . k'gM o;n] O{Zj/sf] tfa]bf/Lsf] l;4fGtsf] pNn+3g tyf cNnfxn] cfb]z lbPsfnfO{ k}/jL ug{'sf] ;§f dgk/L /f]hfO{ af6 cGofo ub{5 .

pk/f]Qm ltg} kl/df0fx? l;wf / :ki6 5g\ . n]vssf] ljrf/df Pp6f rf}yf] kl/df0f klg dggLo /x]sf] 5 . rf}yf] kl/df0f eg]sf] wd{sf cfwf/e"t ljZjf;x? dfgjhfltn] a'em\g of]Uo / dfgj :jefj k|lts'n gx'g'kg]{ eGg] xf] . h;n] o:tf] tx ;[hgf u/]sf] 5 / dflg;nfO{ a'em\g] / cfkm\gf] jl/kl/af6 lzIff k|fKt ug{] Ifdtf lbOPsf] 5, …pg} cNnfxn] pgLx?nfO{ pgsf] ljj]seGbf

~ 31 ~ 

k"0f{tof k/ / cfTdfn] ;Totf;/x :jLsf/ ug{ g;Sg] dfldnfx?df ljZjf; ug{ nufp“5Ú, o:tf] s'/f csNkgLo xf] .

O:nfd tL kl/df0fx?sf] k|sfzdf

:yfg cefjsf sf/0fn] oxf“ ljleGg wd{x?sf] t'ngf / …tL kl/df0fx?sf] s:;Ldf ltgLx? s;/L hfG5g\, 5'6\ofpg ;Dej 5}g .-!^_ oxf “ dfq O:nfdaf/] ax; x'g]5 .

klxnf] kl/df0f, …wd{sf] df}lns ;|f]t cjZo O{Zj/ g} x'g'k5{ .Ú k'gM o;sf] cfzo wfld{s lzIff / ljZjf;x?sf] ;|f]tdf dflg;n] s'g} klg lx;fan] k]m/abn jf ;Rofpg] clwsf/ /fVg] O{Zj/sf] dfq} x'g'k5{ . k|foM cGo wd{x? h:tf] O:nfddf kl08TofO{ 5}g . s'g} ljåfg hlt 7"nf] lsg gxf];\ uNtLsf] kfq Pp6f dfG5] dfq xf] . t;y{ s;}n] agfPsf] s'g} klg lgod O{Zj/sf] k|sfzgfsf] pHofnf]df l;4 ug{'k5{ . …s'/cfg / ;'Ggt clGtd k|df0f /lx/x]5g\, ltgsf] pNn+3g ug]{ xs s;}nfO{ 5}g, O:nfddf of] Pp6f ;j{;Ddt l;4fGt xf] . d'l:nd ljåfgx?sf] 7DofO{ cg';f/ O:nfd wd{ O{Zj/sf] wd{ xf] / dflg;sf] e"ldsf eQm eO{ O:nfdnfO{ cf];fg{] / a'em\g] sf]lzz ug{' dfq xf] . aª\Uofpg' jf km]/abn ug{' sbflk xf]Og .

cl3 elgPsf] bf];|f] kl/df0f O{Zj/Lo k|sfzgfsf] P]ltxfl;s ;'/Iff; “u ;DalGwt /x]sf] 5 . …s;}n] ;To :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 eGg] k|dfl0ft ug{sf] nflu pQm kl/df0f cfjZos x'G5 . O:nfdL Oltxf;n] ox'bL jf O{zfO{ dteGbf km/s kl/b[Zo k]z u5{ . ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];\_ em08} !$ ;o jif{ cufl8 hGd]sf lyP . pgL kSs} ljleGg P]ltxfl;s ;Gb]zjfxsx?dWo] ;a}eGbf al9 P]ltxfl;s x'g\ . s'/cfg / d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];\_ sf jf0fLx? clt ;"Id ko{Tg af6cgGt;Ddsfnflu ;'/lIft ul/Psf lyP . a[xt gePsf] s'/cfg :jod\ ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb hLljt x'Fb}v]/ b]lv g} lnlvt / s07sf] ?kdf ;'/lIft ul/Psf] lyof] . ;Gb]zjfxssf w]/} ldqx?n] k"/} s'/cfg s07u/]sf lyP / ljutsf wfld{s ;d'bfox?l;t 36]sf 36gfx?af6 8b}{ o;nfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] ld;fj6af6 arfpgsf] nflu cfjZos sbd rfn]sf lyP . ;Gb]zjfxs -

~ 32 ~ 

pgLdfly cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];\_ sf] d[To'kl5 rf “8} ;Dk"0f{ s'/cfg Ps;fy ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] / o;sf] cf}krfl/s gSsn t'?Gt} 6f9f6f9fsf] e"–efux?df u|Gysf] z'4tf kSsf ug{sf] nflu k7fOPsf] lyof] . cfhsn klg ;+;f/sf] s'g} efudf e|d0f u/]/ s;}n] Pp6f s'/cfg p7fpg ;S5 / s'/cfgnfO{ ;+;f/el/df Psgf;} e]6fOg]5 . s'/cfgkl5, ;Gb]zjfxs -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];\_ sf] k2lt -;'Ggt_ nfO{ klg 7"nf] nugzLntf;fy ;'/lIft ul/Psf] lyof] . tL ;a} O:nfdsf z'?b]lv g} n]lvP, kl9P / ;fjwfgLk"j{s cjtl/t ul/Psf lyP . s'/cfg / ;Gb]zjfxssf] efiff klg ;'/lIft ul/Psf] 5 . o;nfO{ d';f / O{zf h:tf klxnfsf ;Gb]zjfxsx?af/] h;sf lxa|f] / cf/flds efiffx? lyP, w]/} cjlw;Dd ;'/lIft x'g ;s]gg\, eGg ;lsGg“ .

o;k|sf/ ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];\_ n] k|fKt u/]sf] O{Zj/Lo k|sfzgf 7Ls; “u ;'/lIft ul/Psf] 5 / ;Totf rfxg]x?sf] nflu cfh klg pknAw 5g\ .

t];|f] kl/df0fsf] ;+nUgtf /2 jf vfl/h gul/Psf] k|sfzgf;“u lyof] . …O{Zj/n] gof“ ;Gb]zsf] cg';/0f rfxG5, pQm a'Fbfsf] cfzo xf] . Tof] l;4 eO;s]kl5 ;TojfbL;fd' O{Zj/k|lt gof“ ;Gb]zsf] cg';/0fafx]s s'g} clwsf/ /x “b}g . pQm a'Fbfdfly emg\ lj:t[t ax; b"tTjsf] bz{gdfly ax; ubf{ x'g]5, hxf“ clGtd b"tsf] ?kdf d'xDdb ;':ki6 ;Gb]i6f dflgPsf 5g\ .

n]vsåf/f clGtd l:y/ kl/df0f cf:yfjfgsf] nflu k]z ul/;lsPsf] 5 . o; k':tsdf z'?df ef}ltsjfbL / 8flj{gjfbLx?sf] ;+lIfKt v08g ul/Psf] lyof] . ltgsf bfaLx? laNs'n c;dy{gLo 5g\ . To;/L g} t|}To -lktf, k'q / cfTdf eGg] tLg k'?ifsf] ;+of]hg_ af/] lqmlZrogx?sf] cf:yf klg xf], o;af/] pgLx? cfk}m+ jiff}+{“jif{ n8\b} u/] / ;f “rf] cy{ k|dfl0ft ug{sf nflu kl/ifbdfly kl/ifb u7g ub}{ u/] . s;}n] o;nfO{ s]jn /x:o atfPsf 5g\ . o;k|sf/ cf:yfsf] 5nfË h:tf] ljZjf;sf] cfwf/df wd{ x'g' x'Fb}g . jf:tjdf wd{ z'?d} /fd|/L 1fgsf] cfwf/df x'g'k5{, tfls lbn / lbdfu b'a}n] o;df ;fGTjgf kfP/ alnof]

~ 33 ~ 

wf/0ff;fy o;sf] cg';/0f u?g\ . To;k|sf/ dfgjhfltsf] k"0f{ :jefj, ts{zf:q / ;Totf cg'?k O:nfd / cNnfxaf/] cf:yfx?df kfOG5 .

;Gb]i6f x'g'

ox'bL / lqmlZrogx? ;Gb]i6fsf bz{gl;t kl/lrt 5g\ . b"tx?sf] nfdf] k+lQmdf c?; “u} Oa|fxLd, d";f / O{zf ;fd]n 5g\, j:t'tM ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ d'l:ndx?sf] bfaLcg';f/ clGtd x'g\ .

;Gb]i6f x'g'sf] jf:tljstf

;Gb]zjfxs cyjf ;Gb]i6f jf O{zb"tx? cNnfxn] cfkm\gf] ;Gb]z dfgjhflt;Dd Nofpgsf nflu 5fg]sf ljlzi6 JolQmx? x'g\ . cNnfxn] pgLx?tk{m k|sfzgf u5{ / pgLx?n] To;nfO{ cf];fg]{ ub{5g\ . ;Gb]i6fn] ;Gb]znfO{ Odfgbf/Lsf;fy cf];fb{5g\ / s'g} cj:yfdf klg of] ;Gb]znfO{ abNg] jf aª\Uofpg] clwsf/ /fVb}gg\ . To;}a]nf h;sf ;dIf pgLx? k7fOPsf x'G5g\, ;Gb]z cf];f/]kl5 ltgLx? -dflg;x?_ n] pgLx? -;Gb]i6f_ sf] cf1fkfng ug{'k5{ . cNnfx eGb5g\, …/, xfdLn] x/]s /;"nnfO{ cNnfxsf] cfb]zadf]lhd pgsf] cf1fkfng ul/of];\ eGg] p2]Zon] dfq k7fPsf 5f}+ .Æ -s'/cfg, $ M ^$_,

cNnfx s;nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;Gb]i6f agfpg] eGg] ;DjGwdf :jod\ /fd|/L hfGb5 . ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf] of] 5gf]6 lgZro g} hyfefjL x'“b}g . a? …cfkm\gf] b"tTjnfO{ sxf “ /fvf];\Ú To; :yfgnfO{ cNnfx g} al9 hfGb5 . -s'/cfg, ^ M !@$_ o;/L cNnfx dfgjhfltdWo] ljlzi6 cfr/0fsf dflg; ;Gb]i6fsf nflu 5fGb5g\ .

cNnfx cem cufl8 eG5g\, …ltdLx?eGbf klxnf s]jn k'?ifx?nfO{ xfdLn] /;"nsf] ?kdf k7fof}+ h;dfly xfdL k|sfzgf -jXo_ ug{] uYof{}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, !^ M $#_ ;Gb]zjfxsx? dfgjhfltdWo] s} lyP, logL Znf]sx? o;nfO{ :ki6 kf5{g\ . pgLx? cw{–O{Zj/ lyPgg\ .

~ 34 ~ 

cNnfx ljz]if sf/0fn] dflg;nfO{ cfkm\gf ;Gb]zjfxs x'g'sf] nflu rog u5{ . ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf] p2]Zo cNnfxsf] tk{maf6 ;TonfO{ k}mnfpg' xf] . pgLx? To; ;TotfnfO{ :ki6 kf5{g\ / To;sf] cg';/0f gug{'df dflg;sf] nflu s'g} axfgf 5f]8\b}gg\ . ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf] nIo dfgjhfltsf] cfTdfx?df dfGo x'g;Sg] oyfy{ :ki6 / lg;Gb]x z}nLdf ;Gb]z k|:t't ug{' xf] . o;k|sf/ hf] To; ;TonfO{ c+ufNg rfxG5g\, pgLx?n] c+ufNg]5g\ / hf] ;TonfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ rfx “b}gg\, pgLx? alxisf/ ug]{5g\ . o;n] b'a} ;d"xnfO{ 5'6\ofpg] p2]Zo k"/f u5{ . Ps, pgL hf] cNnfxsf] bof / dfof k|flKtsf] xsbf/ x'G5g\ . bf];|f], pgL hf] cNnfxsf] l/; / b08 kfpg] xsbf/ x'G5g\ .

o;k|sf/ ;Gb]zjfxsx? :ki6 kyk|bz{g, z'e–;dfrf/ / s8f r]tfjgL;d]t lnP/ cfP . cNnfxn] ;Totf cf];fg]{ To:tf ;Gb]zjfxsx? gk7fPsf] eP dfgjhfltx? s/fp “y] / bfaL uy]{, …pgL sxf“ ;Gb]zjfxs cfPsf eP pgL ltgsf] cg';/0f uy{] .Ú cNnfxnfO{ h] eO;Sof], h] x'g]5 / h] x'g;SYof] ;a} yfx 5 . eg]sf 5g\, …/, xfdLn] ltgLx?nfO{ o; -clGtd ;Gb]i6f_ cl3 g} s'g} k|sf]kåf/f gi6 kf/]sf] eP ltgLx?n] eGg] lyP, x] xfd|f kfngstf{ Û ltdLn] xfdL;dIf s'g} /;"n lsg k7fPgf}+ tfls xfdL ckdflgt tyf lt/:s[t x'g'cl3 g} ltd|f cfb]zx?sf] cg';/0f ug{] lyof}+ <Ú -s'/cfg, @) M !#$_

;Gb]zjfxsx? :ki6 lrGxx?sf;fy k7fOPkl5 dfgjhfltsf] nflu s'g} axfgf aRb}g, o;af/] cNnfx o;/L eG5g\, …oL O{zb"tx? z'e–;"rs tyf ;r]ts agfP/ k7fOPsf lyP tfls /;"nx?kZrft\ dflg;x?nfO{ cNnfxlj?4 s]xL eGg] 7fpF g/xf];\ . /, cNnfx clt k|e'TjzfnL Pj+ tTjbzL{ 5g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, $ M !^%_ pQm Znf]s jf:tjdf Pp6f uDeL/ r]tfjgL xf] . -!&_

;Gb]i6f ePsf] lrGx

ljutsf ;Gb]i6fx?sf] cWoogaf6 s;}n] ;Gb]i6fx? x'g'sf lglZrt …ck|ToIfÚ lrGxx? cg'dfg ug{ ;S5 . klxnf], O{Zj/n] r'g]sf] dfG5] pgLtk{m s]xL k|sfzgf z'? x'g'eGbf cl3sf] hLjgsfndf cjZo ;Ddflgt / ;rl/q x'g'k5{ . pbfx/0ftM h;n] s'g} ;f+;fl/s s'/faf/] slxNo} klg e"m7f] af]n]g pm PSsf;L O{Zj/af/] e"m7f] k|rf/ / cfkm" k|sfzgf kfO/xg] bfaL ug{ yfN5,

~ 35 ~ 

csNkgLo xf] . bf];|f], h'g wdf]{kb]z pgL lbO/x]5g\ To;df >]i7tf / ;Totf x'g'k5{ . To;}u/L To; ;Gb]zsf] cfwf/e"t s'/f ljutdf ;Gb]i6f dflgPsf egfO{cg'?k x'g'k5{ . a|f≈df08 / hLjgsf] jf:tljstf;DaGwL O{Zj/sf] cfwf/e"t ;Gb]z Pp6fb]lv csf]{ ;Gb]i6f;Dd gabn]sf] x'g'k5{ . cemal9 b"tx?n] ;Gb]z cf];fg'{af6 cfkm\gf] s'g} lghL kmfObf jf e'QmfgL grfx]sf] x'g'k5{ . pgLx?sf] nIo ;f+;fl/s g/x]sf] x'g'k5{ . pgLx? O{Zj/sf] v'zL kfpg / O{Zj/sf] cf1fkfngsf] nflu dfq ;Gb]z cf];f/L /x]sf x'G5g\ . /fhgLlts lht geP klg ;Gb]i6fnfO{ ;w}+ cWoflTds lhtsf] cfgGb ldN5 . lsgls pgL ;w}+ cfkm\gf] ;Gb]zdf dUg /xg] / slxn] klg cfkm\gf] p2]Zoaf6 ljrlnt / d?~h]n cfkm\gf] ;+sNksf] k|bz{g ul//fVb5g\ . O{Zj/sf] ;f“rf] ;Gb]i6f dflgPsf] s;}nfO{ klg s;}n] slxn] klg cfkm\gf] cf:yf / ;Gb]z 5f]8\g] e]6fOPsf] kfO+b}g .

tL ;a}sf ;fy;fy} cNnfxn] cfkm\gf ;Gb]zjfxsx?nfO{ pgL ;f“lRrs} k|e'åf/f k7fOPsf 5g\ eGg] k|bz{g ug{sf nflu ;fdfGoaf6 k/ s]xL ljz]if lrGxx? pknAw u/fp“b5 . tL ;a} cNnfxsf] k"0f{ Gofo, bof / nf]sf]ksfl/tfn] ubf{ g} x'G5 . ;Gb]zjfxsx?nfO{ p;sf] 5gf]6 / k7fpg] z}nLaf6 ;Gb]zsf] ;TotfnfO{ lh2Ln] dfq} :jLsf/ ub{}g . t;y{ ;Gb]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ ljifo;"rL dfgj :jefj cg';f/ dfq} 5}g, a? ;Gb]zjfxsx?n] NofPsf] ;Gb]zsf] ljlw x]bf{ ltgnfO{ O{Zj/sf] ;Gb]zjfxs :jLsf/ gug{sf] nflu dflg;lg/ s'g} axfg} /x “b}g . h:tf] cNnfx eGb5g\, …lg;Gb]x xfdLn] cfkm\gf ;Gb]zjfxsx?nfO{ :ki6 bnLnx? lbP/ k7fof}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, %& M @%_

cNnfxn] ;Gb]zjfxsx?nfO{ lbPsf ljz]if lrGxx?nfO{ …rdTsf/Ú elgPsf] 5 . o; j}1flgs sfndf dflg;x? ljutdf l6kf]6 ul/Psf rdTsf/x?af/] x]g{ cled'v 5g\ . tfklg To:tf 36gfx?af/] g};lu{s tj/n] s]xL ctfls{s 5}g . o; pbfx/0fsf] k|f/De O{Zj/n] ;+/rgf u/]sf] o; a|f≈df08af6 ul/G5 . Pp6f w]/} ;xh;“u a'em\g ;lsg] pbfx/0f -h'g cl3 ax; ul/;lsPsf] 5_ …O{Zj/n] o; a|≈df08sf lqmofsnfkdfly k"/f lgoGq0f u/L /fv]sf] 5 / pm o;sf lqmofsnfknfO{ h'g;'s} a]nf / hf] sf]xLsf] nflu klg cfkm\gf] OR5fg';f/ abNg ;S5 .Ú cfh;Dd s;}n] clxn];Dd klg af/Daf/ cf}iflwsf] rdTsf/ jf /f]uaf6

~ 36 ~ 

lgsf] x'g'af/] ;xh?kn] o'lQm;“ut JofVof ug{ g;lsg] / c:jLsf/sf] 7fp“ klg g/fVg] crDdx? ;'lg/x]sf] 5 .

ljutdf To:t} s]xL 36gfx? 36], h:tf] ls d";fsf] nflu nfn dxf;fu/nfO{ /f]lsg', O{zfåf/f /f]u tyf cGwf]kgnfO{ lgsf] kfg'{ . tL ;a} lrGxx?n] …;Gb]i6fx? O{Zj/åf/f kyk|blz{t / ;dly{t 5g\Ú, eGg] bfaLsf] yk ;dy{g x'G5 . tL ;a} lrGxx?sf] k|bz{gn] k"0f{tof sb/ t eof] t/ ;do lat]kl5 dflg; tL syf / bfaLx?df z+sf ug{ yfn] jf tL rdTsf/x?sf] k|efjdf lvof nfUg yfNof] . kl5Nnf] sfnv08df pQm ;Gb]z bf]x¥ofpg c? b"tx? klg cfpg af “sL /x]sfn] Tof] 7"nf] dfldnf lyPg .

o;k|sf/ cNnfxn] ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltsf] nflu Gofosf] lbg;Ddsf] nflu cfkm\gf] clGtd ;Gb]i6f k7fPkl5 pgnfO{ lgs} km/s lsl;dsf] rdTsf/ lbof], h'g O:nfdL cfXjfgsf] ;fy;fy} ;w}“el/ af“sL /xg]5 . ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];\_ n] eg]sf 5g\, …dflg;nfO{ ljZj:t kfg{sf lglDt ;Gb]i6fx?dWo] x/]snfO{ rdTsf/ lbOof], t/ dnfO{ lbOPsf] rdTsf/ O{Zj/Lo k|sfzgf xf], o;nfO{ cNnfxn] dtk{m k|sfzgf u/]sf] xf] . o;n] d/f]0ff]Q/ hLjgdf d]/f cg'ofoLx? c? ;Gb]i6fx?sf] cg'ofoLeGbf al9 x'g]5g\ eGg] d]/f] cfzf /x]sf] 5 .Ú -!*_ csf]{ zAbdf, ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbsf] 7"nf] lrGx / rdTsf/ s'/cfg xf] .

o;k|sf/ O{zb"t d'xDdbn] kfpg'ePsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] lrGx clxn] klg ;a"tsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 / cfh klg cEof; ul/G5 . -!(_s'/cfgn] cfkm" h:tf s]xL zAbx? agfpg ;a} nfO{ r'gf}lt lbPsf] 5 . pbfx/0ftM cNnfx eG5g\, …olb ltdLx? xfdLn] cfkm\gf ;]jsdfly cjtl/t u/]sf u|Gysf] af/]df ;Gb]xdf 5f} / ;Tojfg 5f} eg] s'/cfgdf ePem}+ s'g} Pp6f dfq eP klg ;'/x Nofpm / o;sf] nflu cNnfxafx]s cfkm\gf ;Go ;xof]uLx?nfO{ klg cfXjfg u/ .Ú -s'/cfg, @ M @#_

s'/cfg ljleGg lsl;dn] rdTsf/ xf] . pbfx/0fsf nflu d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ sf] ;dodf c/aLx? efiffdf >]i7 lyP . s}of}+ ;fn;Dd ;Gb]i6fsf] 3f]/ k|lt/f]w x'Fbfx'Fb} klg …pgLx? s'/cfg h:tf] s'g}

~ 37 ~ 

;flxlTos u|Gy e]6fpg ;s]gg\, :jLsf/ u/] . a? s'/cfg clt w]/} ;xh z}nLdf Pp6f …;flxlTos rdTsf/Ú xf] . cfkm\gf] eljio ;"rgfsf] ;Gbe{df, j}1flgs / P]ltxfl;s ;Totfdf, 7Ls ;+/If0fdf, pbf/ / a'l4dfgL lgodx?df, ljutb]lv xfn;Dd dflg;sf] ;'wf/ / kl/jt{gdf kfb}{cfPsf] k|efj cflbdf s'/cfg cb\e"t xf] .

;Gb]i6f d'xDdb :jod\ lg/If/ eP klg cNnfxn] cfkm\gf] ;Gb]zjfxs x'g'sf] nflu pgnfO{ rog u¥of] . lg/If/tf pgaf/] vf]6 xf]Og, a? pgL O{Zj/Lo ;Gb]zjfxs x'g'sf] jf:tjdf emg\ al9 k|df0f xf] . lsgls O{zfO{ ;Ddtsf] 5}6f}+ ztfAbLkl5sf] o; c/aL afl;Gbfn] o:tf] k':ts pTkGg ug{ ;Sb}gYof] . pbfx/0f:j?k cNnfxn] ;Gb]i6ftk{m -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ klxnfsf ;Gb]i6fx?sf syfx? k|sfzgf u¥of] . Toxf“sf] jftfj/0fdf ox'bL jf O{zfO{x?sf] lzIffx?;Dd al9 kx' “r /fVg] cj;/ lyPg, tfklg pgn] klxnfsf ;Gb]i6fx?sf syfx? lglZrt ;Totfsf;fy atfP . oyfy{df of] cem al9 crDdsf] s'/f xf] . k|rlnt afOandf P]ltxfl;s tj/n] c;Dej x'g] jf sfnbf]if x'g] pNn]vx? cfhsn w]/}hgfn] :jLsf5{g\ . s'/cfg To:tf ;a} ;lGbUw ljifox?af6 d'Qm x'g'sf;fy} Pp6f d0ff{Tds dfqsf] pTkfbg gx'g' o;sf] csf{] lrGx xf] . Pp6f lj:t[t sfo{df kmt"xL / cn–b/uh]nLn] afOandf e]6fPsf P]ltxfl;s uNtLx?sf w]/} pbfx/0fx? k]z u/]sf 5g\ hals s'/cfgdf klg x'ax' pxL syf / 36gfx? pNn]v x'Fbfx'Fb} klg Toxf“ tL uNtLx? e]l6Psf 5}gg\ . -@)_

dfgjhfltnfO{ O{Zj/Lo ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf] ckl/xfo{tf

dfgjhflttk{m ;Gb]zjfxsx? k7fpg' cNnfxsf 7"nf s[kfx?dWo]sf] Ps xf] . b"t d'xDdbnfO{ k7fOPsf] af/]df lrq0f ub}{ cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g\, …/, -x] d'xDdb Û_ xfdLn] ltdLnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ;+;f/af;Lx?sf] nflu bof dfq agfP/ k7fPsf 5f}+ . -s'/cfg, @! M !)&_

dflg;nfO{ cNnfxsf] o; s[kfsf] w]/} cfjZostf 5 . hf] sf]xLn] cNnfxnfO{ v'zL kfg{sf] nflu cfkm\gf] hLjg s;/L latfpg'k5{, p;nfO{ o;sf]

~ 38 ~ 

Jofjxfl/s pbfx/0fsf] cfjZostf x'G5 . h'g 1fg ;Gb]zjfxsx?n] NofPsf lyP :jod\ pgLx?nfO{ klg cft'/tf;fy To;sf] vf“rf] lyof] .

cNnfxn] rfx]sf] eP cfkm\gf] ;Gb]znfO{ lnlvt ?kdf pbfx/0ftM kxf8sf] 5]pdfly ;xh} k|sfzgf ug{ ;Sy] . tfklg To;sf] ;§f dfgjLo ;Gb]zjfxsx? k7fpg'df pgsf] ckf/ s[kf / a'l4dtf /x]sf] 5 . oL ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf] kmfObf bf]xf]/f] 5, -!_ ;xh} lnlvt ;Gb]z k7fpg'sf] ;§f dflg;nfO{ ;Gb]zjfxs agfP/ k7fpg'åf/f cNnfxn] cfkm\gf] ;Gb]z slNkt If]qaf6 lqmofTds If]qtk{m ?kfGtl/t u/]sf] 5 . ;Gb]zjfxsx?åf/f ;Gb]zsf] sfof{Gjog dflg;nfO{ kyk|bz{gsf] Pp6f Jofjxfl/s cfbz{ lbG5 . kyk|bz{g ljljw z}nLdf a'e\mg ;lsg] s]jn :ki6 / cfd l;4fGt xf]Og . xf]Og, dflg;sf] cg';/0fsf] nflu ;Gb]znfO{ Pp6f 7f]; / Jofjxfl/s 9f “rfdf lj:t[t pbfx/0fsf ;fy k]z ul/Psf] 5 . -@_ ;Gb]zjfxsx? >]i7 rl/qsf dflg; eP klg pgL ;w} + dflg; g} lyP . oyfy{df pgL c?sf] nflu pbfx/0f lyP . t;y{ pgLx?åf/f P]Zj/Lo lzIffsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 oL lzIffx? sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] / dflg;sf] pkfoleq x'g] k|dfl0ft x'G5 . dfgjhfltsf] IfdtfeGbf 7"nf]nfO{ wd{ jf ;bfrf/ eGg ;lsGg . of] dflg;sf] Ifdtfleq 5 / ;Gb]zjfxssf sfo{x? o;sf k|df0f x'g\ .

dfly pNn]v ePcg';f/ ;Gb]zjfxsx?åf/f k]z ul/Psf 1fgx?sf] dflg;nfO{ c;fWo} vf“rf] /x]sf] 5 . pQm 1fgx?nfO{ b'O{ lsl;ddf ljeflht ug{ ;lsG5 tyf dflg;sf] nflub'O{6} cfjZos 5g\ .

1fgsf] klxnf] lsl;d jf h;nfO{ O:nfdL kf7x?df cnf}lss elgG5 clt k|fs[lts 5 . tL k"/} dfgj cg'ejsf] nf]seGbf aflx/sf s'/fx? x'g\ . dflg;n] tL dfldnfx?af/] cNnfxsf] k|sfzgfaf6 dfq} hfGg ;S5g\ . o; nf]sdf cNnfx, pgsf u'0f, ;[li6sf] p2]Zo, /fd|f] jf g/fd|f] s;/L 5'6\ofpg], d[To'kl5 / eljiodf dfgjhfltl;t s] xf]nf cflbaf/] lj:t[t 1fg ;fd]n 5g\ .

Tffklg cNnfxsf] kyk|bz{gsf] ;/f]sf/ ToxL dfldnfx?l;t dfq 5}g, a? cNnfxn] cfkm\gf dflg; ;Gb]zjfxsx?tk{m k|sfzg u/]sf] kyk|bz{gn] dflg;nfO{ kfly{j jf ;f+;fl/s dfldnfx?df klg dfu{ b]vfp“5 . cNnfxn]

~ 39 ~ 

dflg;sf] ;xh} kx'“rdf /fv]sf] k|fljlws s'/fx?afx]s tL dfldnfx?df dflg;nfO{ cNnfxsf] kyk|bz{gsf] ;f“lRrs} w]/} cfjZostf k5{ . cNnfx ;|i6f / ljwftfn] dflg;sf] nflu ;aeGbf /fd|f]nfO{ PSn} dfq hfGb5 . cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g\, …s] h;n] ;[li6 u/]sf 5g\ pg}n] hfGg] 5}gg\ t < pgL t ;'IdbzL{ / ;';"lrt 5g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, ^& M !$_ of] jf0fL cln lj:tf/;fy aofg ug{ h?/L 5 lsgls o;n] ;f+;fl/stfsf] d"n, …h;n] cfhef]ln ;+;f/el/sf] ljrf/nfO{ lylr/x]5Ú tk{m 8f]¥ofp “5 .

dflg;n] cfkm\gf] lghL, cfly{s, /fhg}lts Joj:yf, cGt//fli6«o sfg'g cflb agfPsf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ …pgLx? cfkm\gf] ;/f]sf/eGbf k/sf] sf]lz; u/L /x]5g\Ú eGg] pgLx?n] dfGg'k5{ . pgLx?sf] clt /fd|f] lgotsf afjh"b k|foM To;sf] gf]S;fg kmfObfeGbf al9 x'g] u5{ . pbfx/0ftM cy{zf:qsf] If]qdf lbdfudf cfpg;Sg] klxnf] s'/f ;dfhjfbL / ;fDojfbL ljrf/ crfgs v'lDrg' xf] . k"“hLjfbnfO{ klg lgofn]/ x]bf{ cg'dfg ul/Psf]eGbf …jf:tljstf clt 6f9f / kl/0ffd zf]if0f g} x'G5Ú eGg] kQf nfU5 lsgls To;df wgLx? a9\tf wgL / u/Lax? a9\tf u/La x'“b} hfG5g\ .

O{Zj/Lo k|sfzgfsf] lj?4 x'g]u/L dfgjlgld{t P]gx? cfd tj/n] s}of }+ ljz]if ;d:ofx?sf sf/0f x'G5g\ . klxnf], dflg; nfn;fx?af6 nuftf/ k|efljt eO/xG5g\ . dflg; k|To]s lsl;dsf] cfj]u / af;gfaf6 cfkm"nfO{ k/ /fVg ;Sg] eP klg ef}lts / ;fdflhs lj1fgaLr lgSs} 7"nf] km/s /x]sf] x'G5Ú eGg] pgLx?n] dfGg'k5{ . …dflg; ljleGg dfxf}ndf s;/L ug]{5g\Ú ;fdfhljb\x?n] hf “r]/ hfGg ;Sb}gg\ . pgLx? jf:tljstfsf] cg'dfgeGbf al9 s]xL ub}{gg\ . cNnfxn] s'/cfgdf dfgjhfltdf o:tf] ;Lldt Nofstaf/] eGb5g\, …dflg;x? ;f+;fl/s hLjgsf s]jn afXo kIf hfGb5g\ / ltgLx? cflv/t -d/f]0ff]Q/ hLjg_ af/] cgle1 5g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, #) M &_ Tof] :jLsf/]kl5 …To;n] k|dfl0ft u5{, dflg; cfkm\gf] ;|i6fåf/f ky{k|bz{g / 1fgsf] cfjzosLo 5g\, h;n] cfkm\gf] s[kfn] cfkm\gf b"tx?dfkm{t To:tf] kyk|bz{g k7fO;s]sf] 5 . 5f]6s/Ldf ;f+;fl/s P]gx? dflg;nfO{ O{Zj/Lo k|sfzgf h:tf] xf};fpg ;Sb}gg\ . o:tf P]gx?df k|efjsf/L g}lts c;/ gx'g klg ;S5 . csf]{ zAbdf dfgjlgld{t P]gx?df dfG5]nfO{ sfg"gkfng u/fpgsf] nflu an k|of]u ug{'afx]s s'g} pkfo

~ 40 ~ 

/x+b}g . hals O{zb"tx?af6 3f]if0ff ul/Psf P]gx?sf] kfngf cNnfxnfO{ v'zL kfg{ / p;sf] l/;af6 aRgsf] lgotn] tflgPsf] x'G5 .

;+If]kdf, …dflg;nfO{ O{zb"tx?af6 k|fKt 1fgx?sf] c;fWo cfjZostf 5 / ltgLx?nfO{ O{zb"tx?dfk{mt sfod ul/Psf] cfbz{sf] klg ckl/xfo{tf 5Ú oyfy{af6 pDsg ;+ej 5}g .

;Gb]i6fx?sf] cfX\jfgsf l;4fGtx?

elgG5, ;Gb]i6f -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ n] eGg'eof], …cNnfxn] ! nfv @$ xhf/ ;Gb]i6fnfO{ k7fof] .Ú -@!_ cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g\, …p;n] x/]s hflttk{m Pp6f ;Gb]i6f k7fof] .Ú -s'/cfg !^ M #^_

olt w]/} ;Gb]i6f / ;Gb]zjfxsx? k7fOP klg jf:tjdf ;a} Pp6} dfu{df lyP . …cNnfx x/]s ;Gb]i6fnfO{ ljutsf ;Gb]i6fx?sf] ;dfg wd{tk{m dfu{bz{g ub{5g\Ú cNnfxn] clGtd ;Gb]i6f -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ nfO{ lgb]{zg lbPsf 5g\ . cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g\, …cNnfxn] ltdLx?sf]nflu ToxL wd{ lgwf{l/t u/]sf 5g\ h;sf] cfb]z pgn] g"xnfO{ lbPsf lyP . clg, h;sf] k|sfzgf -x] d'xDdb Û_ xfdLn] ltdLtkm{ u/]sf 5f}+ / h;sf] hf]8bf/ cfb]z xfdLn] Oa|fxLd, d';f tyf O{;fnfO{ lbPsf lyof}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, $@ M !#_

o;k|sf/ x/]s d'l:ndn] tL ;a} ;Gb]i6fx?df ljZjf; ub{5 / ltgdf ljZjf; / ltgsf] cfb/n] ubf{ ltgLx?dWo] s;}aLr km/s ub}{g . O{Zj/n] tL ;a}nfO{ k7fPsf 5g\ . tL ;a}n] ;dfg ;f/e"t ;Totfdf ljZjf; /fVby] / ;dfg dfu{lt/ af]nfPsf lyP . t;y{ s;}nfO{ of] eGg] clwsf/ 5}g, …pm pgLx?dWo] s;}dfly ljZjf; / cfb/ ub{5 / csf]{dfly ljZjf; jf cfb/ ub}{g .Ú klxnf t of] s'/f tL ;a}nfO{ k7fpg] cNnfxsf] cgfb/ xf] . To;kl5 of] ctfls{s klg 5 lsgls tL ;a} df}lns tj/n] Pp6} ;Gb]zsf;fy cfPsf lyP tyf O{zb"t cyf{t\ Ps csf{sf] bfh'efO{ egL kl/lrt u/fPsf lyP .

t;y{ tL ;a}df ljZjf; / x/]ssf] 7Ls OHht ug{'k5{ . o;sf] nflu cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g\, …-x] cf1fsf/Lx? xf] Û_ eg– xfdLn] O{dfg -cf:yf_ Nofof}+

~ 41 ~ 

cNnfxdfly / To; -u|Gy_ dfly hf] xfdLlt/ cjtl/t ul/of] / To;dfly klg hf] Oa|fxLd, O:dfOn, O:xfs, ofs'a Pj+ -ofs'a_ sf ;Gtfgx?dfly cjtl/t ul/P clg hf] d';f Pj+ O{zfnfO{ k|bfg ul/of] tyf hf] cGo ;Gb]i6fx?nfO{ pgsf /a -kfngstf{_ sf] tkm{af6 k|bfg ul/of] . xfdL logLx?aLr s'g} lje]b ub{}gf}+ . /, xfdL pg} -cNnfx_ sf] cf1fsf/L -d'l:nd_ xf}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, @ M !#^_ ;+lIfKtdf tL ;a} Psn / Pp6} O{Zj/åf/f k7fOPsf x'gfn] / of] cl:tTjsf] ;Totf Pp6} / gabln “bf] ePsf] x'gfn] ltgLx?sf ;Gb]zx? df}lns tj/n] Pp6} / ;dfg lyP .

s'/cfg k9\bf hf] sf]xLn] ;Dk"0f{ ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf] cfXjfgsf] df}lns l;4fGtx? x]g{ ;S5 . pgLx?sf] ;Gb]z tnsf tLgj6f ljifox?sf jl/kl/ 3'D5M

-!_ dflg;nfO{ O{Zj/tk{m af]nfpg', …pgLafx]s sf]xL pkf;gf of]Uo 5}gÚ :ki6 k|df0fx?sf ;fy atfpg' / pgLx?nfO{ pg}tk{m cfTd;dk{0f ug{ / ;a} ldYof O{Zj/x?nfO{ 5f]8\g cx|fpg' . cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g\, …xfdLn] k|To]s ;d'bfodf o;sf] nflu /;"n k7fof}+,…s]jn cNnfxsf] pkf;gf u/ tfu"t -x/]s ;Ldf gf3]sf]_ af6 6f9f /xg] u/ . clg ltgLx?dWo] sf]xLnfO{ cNnfxn] dfu{bz{g u/] / sf]xLdfly kye|i6tf l;4 eof] . wtL{df e|d0f u/ / x]/ gsfg{]x?sf] s] kl/0ffd eof] .Ú -s'/cfg, !^ M #^_

-@_ x/]sleq g};lu{s tj/n] /x]sf] O{Zj/Lo v'zLk|flKt / cfTdLo z'l4s/0fsf] Pp6f ljz]if dfu{ 5 / x/]snfO{ ;f]emf] dfu{ b]vfOPsf] 5 . cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g\, …xfdLn] ltdLx? ;a}sfnflu Pp6f wd{ ljwfg Pj+ sfo{k|0ffnL to u/]sf 5f}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, % M $*_ ;Dk"0f{ ;Gb]i6fx?n] ;xh P]gx?;dflxt u/L Pp6} df}lns af6f] b]vfP, h:tf]] pkf;gfsf] cfb]z, ax'b]jjfb, Jolerf/, xTof cflbsf] /f]Ssf . …pgsf ljz]if cEof;x?sf] s'g} klg a'Fbfdf clnslt klg km/s 5}gÚ o;sf] tfTko{ xf]Og . ;fdfGotf pgsf cEof;x? Psgf;} lyP t/ O{Zj/n] w]/} ;Gb]i6fx?nfO{ ljz]if dflg;tk{m ljlzi6 P]gx?sf;fy ltgsf] sfn / If]qsf] nflu k7fPsf] lyof] . of] cNnfxsf] s[kf / a'l4dtfsf] c+zdWo] xf] . tfklg ltgsf cEof;sf s]xL s'/fx?df ljljwtfsf afah'b ltgsf] df}lns ;Gb]z jf ltgsf af6f]sf df}lns :jefjdf s'g} ljleGgtf 5}g .

~ 42 ~ 

-#_ cf1fkfng / cNnfxsf] pkf;gfsf] lgwf] u/]df / o;sf] pN6f] cNnfxsf] cf1fkfng jf pkf;gfsf] c:jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yfdf JolQmut efUo atfpg' . pQm a'“bfdf ;Gb]i6fx?n] dfgjhfltnfO{ d[To'kl5sf] hLjgdf clGtd k}m;nf / cNnfxsf] Ogfd jf ;hfoaf/] atfPsf 5g\ . oL dfldnfx?sf tkl;n cNnfxaf6 hfGg ;lsG5 / ;Gb]i6fx?n] oL s'/fx?nfO{ k|i6 gkf?~h]n cNnfxn] slxn] klg s;}nfO{ ;hfo lbPsf 5}gg\ . o;k|sf/ ;a} ;Gb]zjfxsx?n] jf:tjdf cf:yfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ rfxg]x?sf nflu v'zLsf] va/ / o;nfO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{sf nflu cz'e cGTosf] s8f r]tfjgL lbPsf 5g\ . cNnfx eGb5g\, …/, xfdLn] /;"nx?nfO{ s]jn z'e–;"rs Pjd\ ;r]ts agfP/ k7fPsf 5f}+ . /, h;n] Odfg NofP / ;'w]|| pgLx?sf]nflu g s'g} 8/ 5 g pgLx? lrlGtt g} x'g]5g\ . /, h;n] xfd|f cfotx?nfO{ ldYof 7x/ u5{g\ ltgsf cj1fn] ubf{ ltgLx?dfly k|sf]k nfOnfUg]5g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, ^ M $*–$(_

pk/f]Qm tLg df}lns a'“bfx?sf jl/kl/ g} ;a} ;Gb]i6fx? 3'd] . ;Gb]i6fx?n] cf–cfkm\gf ;Gb]z cf];fg{sf] nflu dl/xQ] u/], cfkm\gf lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x u/] / ;Gb]znfO{ :ki6l;t cf];f/] . ltgLx?sf] cfudgsf] s]xL ;dokl5 axfgf jf lgx'“sf] nflu s'g} 3/ 5'6]g . ;Gb]i6fx?n] cf–cfkm\gf cleofg k"/f u/] / ca lhDd]jf/L dflg;df cfPsf] 5 .

cl3Nnf u|Gyx?df ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbaf/] eljio ;"rgf

…;Dk"0f{ ;Gb]i6fx?sf] df}lns ;Gb]z Pp6} lyof]Ú eGg] s'/f dfly plNnlvt kl/R5]bn] k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf] 5 . ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbsf] cfudgaf/] eljio ;"rgf ljutsf ;a} ;Gb]i6fx?n] t xf]Og t/ k|foM n] u/]sf lyP . o;sf] pbfx/0f, cNnfxn] s'/cfgdf eg]sf 5g\, …hf] lg/If/ O{zb"t, ;Gb]i6f -d'xDdb_ sf] cg';/0f u5{g\, h;nfO{ pgLx? cfkm";Fu /x]sf] k'/fgf] tyf gof“ afOandf pNn]v ePsf] kfpmF5g\, h;n] ltgLx?nfO{ ;'sd{sf] cfb]z lbG5g\ / s'sd{af6 /f]S5g\ / /fd|f j:t'x?nfO{ ltgLx?sf] nflu j}w tyf g/fd|f j:t'x?nfO{ cj}w u5{g\ clg ltgLx?dfly nflbPsf] ef/LnfO{ emf5{g\, To; aGwgnfO{ vf]N5g\ h;df ltgLx? hsl8Psf lyP . ctM h'g dflg;x?n] pgLdfly cf:yf /fv] /

~ 43 ~ 

ltgsf] ;dy{g tyf d2t u/] / pgLdfly cjtl/t k|sfzsf] cg';/0f u/], ltgLx? g} ;kmntf k|fKt ug{]x? x'g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, & M !%&_

s'/cfgsf oL / cGo Znf]sx?sf] cfwf/df …ox"bL / lqmlZrogx?l;t af“r]sf df}lns u|Gydf ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ sf] cfudgaf/] lgZro g} s]xL k|df0fx? xf]nfg\Ú eGg] d'l:nd ljåfgx?n] 7x/ u/] . d'l:nd ljåfgx?sf ts{cg';f/ jf:tjdf ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbtk{m k|ToIf O+lst w]/} Znf]sx? e]6fpg ;lsG5 . o;af/] w]/} k':tsx? klg n]lvPsf 5g\ .

5f]6s/Ldf pbfx/0fsf] nflu Pp6f hf]8fdfly dfq ax; ul/g]5 . pQm kl/R5]bsf] klxnf] pbfx/0f k'/fgf] afOanaf6 lng ;lsG5 . df];]; eGb5g\, k|e' -O{Zj/_ n] dl;t eg], …pgLx? h] elgPsf 5g\, /fd|/L elgPsf 5g\ . d pgLx?tk{m pgLs} bfh'efO{x?dWo] ltdL h:t} Pp6f ;Gb]i6f k7fpg]5' / cfk\mgf jf0fLx? p;sf] d'vdf /fVg]5' / d p;nfO{ h] cfb]z lbg]5' p;n] tL ;a} pgLx?sf] ;fd' eGg]5 .Ú -l8o"6«f]gf]dL, !* M !&–!(, ls+u h]D; e;{g_ .

klxnf], O{;|fOnLx?sf bfh'efO{x? sf] x'g\ < afOansf] lxa|f] zAbsf]zsf cg';f/ …a|bg{Ú zAb o:tf] hflt ;d"xsf] JolQmTjtk{m ;+s]t u5{ hf] O{;|fO{nLx?sf glhssf gft]bf/x? dflgPsf lyP . -@@_ pQm :j?k O:;fssf] cfwf efO{ / ca|fxfdsf] 5f]/f O:dfOnaf6 km}lnPsf] hflt ;d"xdf /fd|/L lkm6 x'G5 . ;Dk"0f{ c/aLx? ljz]iftM d'xDdb O:dfOnaf6 km}lnPsf ;Gtfgx? x'g\ .

bf];|f], cfpg] ;Gb]i6fnfO{ …ltdL h:t}Ú af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] AofVof df];]; h:tf] x'g'sf] va/ xf] . cfhsn s]xL lqmlZrogx? o; kl/R5]bnfO{ h];;tk{m ;+s]t ePsf] eG5g\ hals lqmlZrogx? h];;nfO{ ;fdfGotf ;Gb]i6f dfGb}gg\, of] lans'n cldNbf] /x]5 . hdfn gb\jLn] …df];]; / d'xDdb slt ldNbf / h];; pgL;“u slt cldNbf lyPÚ k|dfl0ft ug{sf] nflu Pp6f 6]an agfPsf lyP . To;af6 k|dfl0ft x'G5, …hGd, kfl/jfl/s hLjg, d[To" :jefj, hLjgrof{, anhkm\tL a;fO{;/fO{, zq'x?;“u ;+3if{sf kl/0ffdx?, lzIff, :jefj / ltgsf cfkm\gf dfG5]x?åf/f g]t[Tjsf] :jLsf/f]QmL cflbaf/] d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ h];;eGbf df];];l;t w]/} al9 ldNbf lyP -tL ;a}dfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ .Ú -@#_

~ 44 ~ 

pk/f]Qm Znf]s of] eGb} hf/L /xG5, …d]/f jf0fLx? pgsf] d'vdf /fVg]5' / h];'s} d pgnfO{ cfb]z lbg]5' tL ;a} pgn] pgLx?l;t eGg]5g\ .Ú ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbsf] s'/cfg;“u ;DaGwaf/] pQm a0f{g em08} ldNbf]h'Nbf] /x]sf] 5 . jf0fLx? pgsf] d'vdf lha|O{nsf] k|ToIf k|sfzgfåf/f pb\eflift ul/Psf lyP, d'xDdbn] h] pgLtk{m k|sfzgf ul/Psf] lyof] To;nfO{ h:tfsf] To:t} bf]x¥ofpg' eof] / Tof] k|sfzgfdf ;dflxt ;a}af6 zf;g u/] .

gof“ afOandf hf]gsf] uf]:k]mndf kl5Nnf] kl/R5]b e]6fpg ;S5, …olb ltdL dl;t dfof u5f}{ eg] d]/f cfb]zx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog u/ / d lktf; “u ljlGt ug]{5' clg p;n] ltdLnfO{ csf]{ k5\of}/f lbg]5g\ hf] ltdL;“u ;w}+ /xg ;Sg]5Ú -hf]g !$ M !%–!^_ hf]g !^ M &–* / hf]g !^ M !@–!# n] klg Pp6f cfufdL k5\of}/f / ;Totfsf] cfTdf cfpg]af/] af]n]sf 5g\, hf] h];;n] af“r'~h]n cfpg ;Sb}g .

O{;fkl5 cfpg] / O{;fn] af “r'~h]n gcfpg] pgL sf] x'g\ t < lqmlZrogx? pQm jf0fLx?sf] JofVof kljq cfTdfaf6 u5{g\ . t/, O{;fO{ wd{bz{g cg';f/ lktf, k'q / kljq cfTdf ;a} t|}Tosf lx:;f / tLg} ldn]/ Pp6} x'g\ . olb dfldnf o:tf] 5 eg] s;/L Pp6f xflh/ 5 / csf]{ ufoa < of] O{;fO{ wd{bz{g;“u c;fWo} cldNbf] 5 . cem al9 hf]g !^ M !@–!# sf] Pp6f efun] o;/L pb\3[t u5{, …p;n] ltdLnfO{ k"0f{;Totfsf] dfu{ b]vfpg]5, lsgls p;n] cfkm\gf] dgn] af]Ng] 5}g, a? h];'s} p;n] ;'Gg]5 ToxL af]Ng]5 / p;n] ltdLnfO{ cfpg] s'/fx?af/] atfpg]5,Ú oL d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ sf] ;'Gb/ ljj/0f / pgn] O{Zj/af6 s;/L k|sfzgf k|fKt u/] / To;nfO{ cf];f/]sf] afx]s c? s]xL xf]Og .

Znf]sx?sf] cfp“bf] / clGtd ;d"xsf] ;Gbe{df n]vssf] cf:yfn] j:t'tM o; l6Kk0fLafx]s c? s]xL eGg ;Sb}gg\, …Pp6f dxfg O{zb"tsf] To;a]nf klg ck]Iff ul/Psf] lyof]Ú, / of] hf]gsf] n]vf]6 xf], …ha ox"bLx?n] pgLl;t tkfO{ sf] x'g'x'G5 < ;f]Wgsf] nflu k'/f]lxtnfO{ h]?;]ndaf6 k7fP / pgn] :jLsf/ u/], c:jLsf/ xf]Og a? :jLsf/ u/], d O{;f xf]Og . /, pgn] pgl;t ;f]w], clg sf] x'g'x'G5 t < s] tkfO{ Olnof; x'g'x'G5 t < -@$_ / pgn] eg], xf]Og . s] tkfO{

~ 45 ~ 

O{zb"t x'g'x'G5 < /, pgn] pQ/ lbP, xf]Og . -hf]g ! M !(–@!, ls+u h]D; e;{g_ . h'g ;Gb]i6fsf] ck]Iff hf]g / ox"bLx? ul//fv]sf lyP pgL sf] lyP t <

oL ;+lIfKt pbfx/0fx? kof{Kt x'g]5g\ / ?lrs/ kf7sx?n] uxg cWoog Pj+ vf]h ug{ ;S5g\ . h;/L tL lrGxx? ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ tk{m ;+s]t u5{g\ eg] h:tf]ls d'l:nd ljåfgx?sf] cjwf/0ff /x]sf] 5, pxf “af/] eljiojf0fL u/]sf] ;Gb]i6fl;t ltgLx?sf] ljZjf;n] ubf{ ltgn] ;+s]t u/]sf] ;Gb]i6fnfO{ ;a}n] k5\ofpg'k5{ .

clGtd ;Gb]z

olt w]/} ;Gb]i6fx? k7fPkl5, cNnfxn] ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdbnfO{ k7fP . d'xDdb, O{;f d;Lxsf] hGdeGbf %&) jif{ kZrft hGd]sf lyP . pgL c/aL k|foåLksf] dSsfdf hGd]sf lyP . dSsfsf dflg;x? d"lt{k"hfsf eQm lyP . dSsfdf Oa|flxd / O:dfOn ;Gb]i6fx?åf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf] Pp6f ejg lyof] . sc\afsf] gfdn] hflgg] o; 9f“rfnfO{ ;f “rf] O{Zj/ cNnfx dfqsf] pkf;gfsf] nflu ;dk{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . c/asf ax'b]jjfbLx?n] o;nfO{ cfkm\gf d"lt{x?af6 e/]sf lyP . d'xDdb pgLx?dfem /x] klg slxn] klg d"lt{ k"hfdf efu lng' ePg . pgL cfkm\gf] Odfgbf/Ldf k|Voft eP/ Odfgbf/sf] pkgfdaf6 lje"lift ePsf lyP .

rfnL; jif{sf] pd]/df d'xDdbdfly klxnf] k|sfzgf pb\eflift ePsf] lyof] . of] pgL;“usf] klxnf] k|f/De lyof] clg O{Zj/af6 cfkm\gf] e"ldsf u|x0f u/] . c/aL ax'b]jjfbLx?n] tTsfn} pgsf] ;Gb]z …O{Zj/afx]s sf]xL k"hgLo xf]OgÚnfO{ c:jLsf/ ul/lbP . pgL Odfgbf/ lrlgP klg ltgLx?n] pgnfO{ em'7f] k|dfl0ft ul/lbP / To;kl5 rf“8} d'xDdbsf cg'ofoLx?nfO{ ;tfpgsf] nflu 7"nf] cleofg k|f/De ul/of] . dSsfdf !# ;fn;Dd wdf]{kb]z ul//fv]kl5 dSsf 5f]8]/ dbLgf zx/df a:gsf] nflu ;Gb]i6f :jod\ hfg -lxh/t ug{_ afWo eP, Toxf “ klxnfb]lv pgsf s]xL cg'ofoLx? lyP .

dlbgfsf afl;Gbfn] pgnfO{ zx/sf] cu'jf agfP . dSsfsf cljZjf;Lx?n] lj;]{gg\ / gof“ cf:yfnfO{ ;dfKt kfg{sf] nflu ;}lgs sf/{jfxL

~ 46 ~ 

u/] . tfklg d'l:ndx?sf] Pp6f ;fgf] ;d"x df}nfof] / cljZjf;Lx?sf] cfqmd0fsf] ;fdgf ug{ of]Uo eof] . !) jif{sf] cjlwkl5 ;Gb]i6f :jod\n] dSsftk{m Pp6f ;]gfsf] g]t[Tj u/L ljgf /Qmkft dSsfdf ljho xfl;n u/] . o;k|sf/ O:nfd c/adf ljh]tf eP/ ;+;f/el/ k}mlng yfNof] .

;lbof}“;Dd cNnfxn] c;+Vo ;Gb]zjfxsx? k7fP . tfklg pgn] clGtd ;Gb]zsf;fy -s'/cfg_ oL clGtd ;Gb]i6f -d'xDdb_ nfO{ k7fpg to u/] . logL clGtd ;Gb]zjfxs cfkm\gf] sfnb]lv lsofdtsf] lbg;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltsf nflu ;Gb]zjfxs x'g\ . To;kl5 g s'g} k|sfzgf x'g]5 g of] k|sfzgfdf s'g} k]m/abnsf] nflu s'g} ;Gb]i6f cfpg]5g\ . t;y{ pgL klxnfsf ;Gb]i6fx?eGbf s]xL lx;fan] km/s klg 5g\ .

klxnf], s'g} uNtL jf aª\UofO{ ;Rofpgsf] nflu kl5 sf]xL ;Gb]i6f gcfpg] x'gfn] h'g k|sfzgf clGtd ;Gb]i6faf6 k|fKt ul/of] To;nfO{ o;sf] k'/fgf] z'4tfdf ;'/lIft ug{' kb{Yof] .

bf];|f], clGtd ;Gb]i6fsf] lrGxsf] :jefj klg km/s x'g'kb{Yof] lsgls of] lrGx ;Gb]zjfxssf] sfndf /x]sf dflg;dfly dfq k|efj kfg{sf] nflu lyPg a? tL ;a}dfly klg hf] kl5 cfpg]jfnf lyP .

t];|f], logL clGtd ;Gb]i6f dfgjhfltdWo] s'g} Ps ;d'bfosf] nflu k7fOPsf lyPgg\, gq x/]s ;d'bfo cf–cfkm\gf lghL clGtd ;Gb]i6f /fVg] x'Gy], To;kl5 Pscsf{df leGgtf x'GYof] . pgL -clGtd ;Gb]i6f_ ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf] cfudgsf] cGTo ug{] / ;du| hutsf] nflu pko'Qm x'g ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltsf] nflu k7fOg' kYof{] .

rf}yf], k}m;nfsf] lbg;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltsf] nflu o; ;Gb]zsf P]g / lzIffx? l:y/ x'g cfjZos ePsf dfldnfx?df l:y/ x'g'ky]{ / lgb{]zgx? Dffgjhfltsf] abln“bf] kl/l:ylt cg';f/ abnfpsf] nflu v'nf x'g'kYof]{ .

oL ;a} s'/fx? ;a}n] b]Vg ;S5g\, …;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ sf] ;Gb]zdf 7\ofSs} ldN5g\ . s'/cfg / ;'Ggx -xbL;_ sf]

~ 47 ~ 

;'/Iffsf] ljifo klxnf g} ax; ul/;lsPsf] 5 . To;}u/L cfh klg cg'ej ug{ ;lsg] pgsf] …lrGxÚ clGtd rdTsf/, s'/cfgsf] :jefjdfly klg cl3 ax; ul/;lsPsf] 5 .

t];|f] dfldnfsf] ?kdf ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ s]xL ljlzi6 dflg;sf] nflu k7fOPsf lyPgg\ a? …pgL ;+;f/el/sf ;a} dflg;sf] nflu k7fOPsf lyPÚ pb\3f]if ug{] pgL Psdfq} lyP . cNnfx eGb5g\, …elgb]pm x] dg'io xf] Û d ltdLx? ;a}tkm{ cNnfxåf/f k7fOPsf] /;"n x'F .Ú -s'/cfg, & M !%*_

csf]{ Znf]sdf elgPsf] 5, …/, -x] d'xDdb Û_ xfdLn] ltdLnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltsf]nflu z'e–;Gb]zjfxs tyf ;r]tssf] ?kdf k7fPsf 5f}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, #$ M @*_

;Gb]i6f d'xDdbn] klg aofg ug{' ePsf] 5, …pgL klxnfsf ;Gb]i6fx?eGbf kf“rj6f dfldnfx?df k[ys lyP . pgn] hgfPsf tLdWo] clGtd, …csf{ b"tx? cfkm\gf dflg;sf] nflu dfq k7fOGy] hals d ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltsf] nflu k7fOPsf] 5' .Ú -@%_

cGttM ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ af6 hf/L ul/Psf] P]g hf]sf]xLn] k9\bf o;df …e'msfpg jf df]8\g ;lsg] / d'xDdbsf] sfndf cEof; u/]e}m + cfh klg cEof; ug{ ;lsg] tTjx? 5g\, eGg] s'/f kfOG5 . h'g cgGt;Ddsf nflu l:y/ x'g'kg]{ cfjZos lyof], Tof] O:nfdL P]gdf l:y/ /x]sf] 5 . h'g e'msfpg jf df]8\gsf] nflu v'nf 5f]8\g'kb{Yof], Tof] v'nf 5f]l8Psf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu Joj;flos dfldnfx?df Jofh ;w}+sf nflu lgif]w ul/Psf] 5 t/ To;;Fu ;fdfGo kyk|bz{s /]vfx? lbPsf 5g\, To;cg';f/ cfhsf] cfw'lgs o'uem}+ Joj;flos dfldnfsf gof“ ljlwx? ljsl;t ePkl5 s;}n] O:nfdL kyk|bz{g cg';f/ :jLsf/ ug{ of]Uo jf cof]Uo to ug{ ;S5 . o;k|sf/ O:nfdL sfg"g !$ ;o jif{;Dd ;DefJo /x\of] / …km};nfsf] lbg -dxfk|no_ cfp~h]n nuftf/ ;DefJo /xg]5,Ú eGg] k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] 5 .

~ 48 ~ 

cNnfxsf] cfb]z cg';f/ pgL ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ pgsf clGtd ;Gb]zjfxs x'g\ . cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g\, …d'xDdb ltdLx?dWo] s'g} k'?ifsf lktf xf]Ogg\ a? pgL cNnfxsf /;"n Pj+ gaLx?sf ;dfks -clGtd gaL–;Gb]i6f_ x'g\ . /, cNnfx g} k|To]s j:t'sf 1ftf x'g\ .Ú -s'/cfg, ## M $)_

;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ n] klg eg]sf 5g\, …d ;Dk"0f{ ;[li6;dIf k7fOPsf] x'F / ;Gb]i6fx?sf] cfudg daf6 aGb ul/Psf] 5 .Ú -@^_ k'gM pgL eGb5g\, …O{;|fO{nsf ;Gtfgx? ltgsf ;Gb]i6fx?dfk{mt g]t[Tj ul/Psf lyP, Pp6f ;Gb]i6fsf] b]xfGt ePkl5 csf]{ ;Gb]i6fn] pgsf] :yfg lng] ub{Yof], t/ ca dkl5 oxf “ sf]xL ;Gb]i6f cfpg]5}g .Ú -@&_

o;k|sf/ cGTodf d'xDdb cfP / …pgL clGtd ;Gb]i6f x'g\,Ú eGg] k|i6 kf/] . pgL kZrft\ sf]xL klg ;Gb]i6f cfpg]jfnf 5}g . pgsf] ;Gb]zsf] ;Totf / pgsf] Odfgbf/L /fd|/L sfod ePsf] 5 . pgdf ljZjf; sfod u/]kl5 jf s'/cfgnfO{ ;To 7fg]kl5 To;/L g} pgsf] cgGttfnfO{ klg dfGg'k5{ .

;fy} ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbnfO{ c:jLsf/ u/L csf{ ;Gb]i6fx?nfO{ :jLsfg]{ clwsf/ s;}nfO{ 5}g . …d'xDdb ;f “rf] t lyP t/ d pgsf] ;§f df];]; jf h];;nfO{ k5\ofpgsf] nflu rog u5{',Úsf] clwsf/ s;}nfO{ 5}g . cNnfxlg/ of] dfGo x'g'sf] s;}n] ck]Iff ug{' x'“b}g, of}lQms s'/f] oxL xf] . cNnfxn] cl3Nnf ;Gb]i6fx?dWo] afFls/x]sf lzIffx?nfO{ ab/ u/L cfkm\gf clGtd ;Gb]zjfxsdf ljZjf; / k5\ofpgsf] nflu d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ nfO{ k7fPsf x'g\ . s'/cfgdf cNnfxn] o; s'/fnfO{ o;/L aofg u/]sf 5g\, …/, ha cNnfxåf/f cjtl/t u|Gydfly Odfg Nofpg elgG5 ta ltgLx? eG5g\, xfdL t To;} lstfadfly ljZjf; /fV5f}+ h'g xfdLdfly cjtl/t ePsf] 5 . ltgLx? To;afx]s cGo -u|Gy_ nfO{ dfGb}gg\ hals of] -s'/cfg_ k"0f{?kdf ;To xf] . o;n] ltgLx?sxfF klxn]b]lv ljBdfg u|Gyx?sf] k'li6 ub{5 .Ú -s'/cfg, @ M (!_

~ 49 ~ 

;Gb]i6fn] eg]sf 5g\, …To; O{Zj/sf] s;d h;sf] xftdf d]/f] k|f0f 5, d af/] yfx kfPsf dflg;x?dWo] ox"bL jf O{;fO{ hf]sf]xLn] d]/f]af/]df ;'Gof] clg ddf cjtl/t ePsf ;Gb]zdf ljZjf; gu/L dl/xfNof] pm cjZo g/sjf;L x'g]5 .Ú -@*_ ;Gb]i6fn] cfkm\gf Pshgf ;fyLnfO{ klg atfpg'eof], …d]/f] bfh' df];]; cfh lhp “bf] ePsf] eP pgnfO{ d]/f] cg';/0fafx]s cGo clwsf/ x' “b}gYof] .Ú -@(_

5f]6s/Ldf ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbtk{m ;+s]t ug]{ lrGx? :ki6 ?kdf ;fd'Gg] 5g\. d'xDdbsf] cfkm\gf] Odfgbf/L ck|ZgLo /x]sf] 5 . pgsf] u|Gysf] ;'/Iff sfod} 5. ;a} ;"rs lrGxx? pgnfO{ ;Gb]i6f x'g]tk{m ;+s]t ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;Gb]zjfxs x'gfn] pgsf jf0fLx?df cjZo ljZjf; ug{'k5{ . o;}n] pgn] cfkm"nfO{ clGtd ;Gb]i6f 3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g\ / …;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltn] cg';/0fsf nflu ca pgnfO{ g} /f]Hg'k5{Ú, egL eg]sf 5g\ . dfgjhfltdWo] x/]snfO{ o;} /f]hfO{sf] ;fdgf ug'{ kb{5 tyf …pgL 7Ls / o'lQm; “ut lgwf] ug]{5g\, eGg] ck]Iff klg ul/Psf] 5.

O:nfd / cf:yf O:nfdsf] kl/efiff

O:nfd zAb lqmofaf6 cfPsf] xf] h;sf] cy{ x'G5, …p;n] TofUof] jf cfTd;dk{0f u¥of] .Ú -#)_ o;y{ O:nfd cfTd;dk{0f jf cfkm"nfO{ TofUg'sf] sfo{ jf ljlw xf] . o;}n] d'l:nd Tof] xf] hf] ;dlk{t x'G5 .

kfl/eflifs lx;fan] O:nfd zAbsf] sDtLdf b'O{j6f JofVof k|of]u ul/Psf 5g\, -!_ Pp6f kl/efiff of] xf], h'g O{Zj/sf] ;To wd{sf] nflu dflg;sf] ;[li6b]lv k|of]u x' “b} cfPsf] 5 / -@_ Pp6f kl/efiff of] xf], h'g clxn] clGtd ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbaf6 NofOPsf] wd{sf] nflu k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 .

O:nfdM ;a} ;Gb]i6fx?sf] wd{

wfld{s bz{gdf O:nfdnfO{ …PSnf] O{Zj/k|lt ;To ;dk{0f / cf1fkfngÚ sf] cy{df k|of]u ul/G5 . ;fy} o; lx;fan] O{Zj/sf ;a} ;fFrf] ;Gb]i6fx?sf] wd{ klg oxL g} lyof] . oyfy{df ltgsf ;a} cg'ofoLx?sf] wd{ klg oxL lyof] .

~ 50 ~ 

csf]{ zAbdf cfbdsf] ;dob]lv k[YjLdfly clGtd cf:yfjfg /x];Dd x/]s ;To cf:yfjfgn] O:nfds} cEof; ub{5 / pm Pp6f d'l:nd xf] . cem o;} wd{sf];w}+el/ kfngf ug{] cNnfxn] cfb]z lbPsf 5g\ . t;y{ hlxn] klg cNnfxlg/ :jLsfo{ /x]sf] Psdfq wd{ O:nfd g} xf] . cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g\, …cNnfxsf] b[li6df O:nfd dfq :jLsfo{ bLg -wd{_ xf]] .Ú -s'/cfg, # M !(_ cNnfx cufl8 eGb5g\, …/, h;n] O:nfdafx]s cGo s'g} wd{ u|x0f ug{ vf]H5 p;sf] wd{ sbflk :jLsfo{ x'g]5}g / pm cflv/tdf 3f6f a]xf]g{]x?dWo] x'g]5 .Ú -s'/cfg, # M *%_

…;a} ;Gb]i6fx?sf] cEof; / wd{ O:nfd g} lyof]Ú eGg] cNnfxn] s'/cfgel/ :ki6 kf/]sf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu cNnfxn] g"xaf6 dflg;;fd' cf:yfsf] ;Gbe{df pgsf] egfO{ :ki6 kfb}{ o;/Lpb\3[t u/]sf 5g\, …t/ olb ltdLx? ljd'v x'G5f} eg] d ltdLx?l;t s'g} k|ltbfg t dfu]sf] 5}g . d]/f] k|ltbfg t s]jn cNnfxsxfF /x]sf] 5 / dnfO{ cf1fsf/Lx?dWo] aGg] x's'd ePsf] 5 .Ú -s'/cfg, !) M &@_

Oa|fxLd klg Ps d'l:nd lyP . Oa|fxLdnfO{ klZrdfdf k|foM …Ps}Zj/jfbsf] lktfÚ eg]/ ;Daf]wg ul/G5 . lgM;Gb]x Oa|fxLd Ps kljq Ps}Zj/jfbL / O{Zj/k|lt oyfy{ ;dk{0f ug]{jfnf lyP . -pgL Pp6f ;f“rf] d'l:nd lyP_ tfklg pgL s'g} lx;fan] klg Ps}Zj/jfbsf] hGdbftf eg] lyPgg\ . Ps}Zj/jfb cfbdsf] klg wd{ lyof] tyf cfbd / Oa|fxLdaLr g"x h:t} ;a} ;To cf:yfjfgx?sf] klg wd{ lyof] . O{Zj/ jf cNnfxnfO{ dfq dfGg' / pgLlt/ g} ;dk{0f ug'{ O{Zj/sf] ;f“rf] wd{sf] vDaf /x]sf] 5 .

df];]; klg Pp6f d'l:nd g} lyP, pgL klg cNnfxaf6 k|sfzgf kfpg] uy]{, cNnfxtk{m g} k"0f{tof ;dlk{t lyP / cfkm\gf dflg;nfO{ klg To:t} ug]{ cfb]z lbGy] . df];];n] eljiodf cfkm" h:t} Pp6f ;Gb]i6f cfpg] s'/fnfO{ slxn] klg c:jLsf/ u/]sf lyPgg\, O{zf dl;xn] klg df];]; h:t} sfo{ u/] .

O:nfd wd{nfO{ ckgfpg] jf PSnf] cNnfxlt/ ;dk{0f ug]{ O{zf dl;x cNnfxsf csf]{ ;Gb]i6f lyP . pgn] klg O:nfd wd{ cfkm\gf cg'ofoLx?nfO{ l;sfP . O{zf dl;x ;a} ;Gb]i6fx?e}m+ dfgj g} lyP, cfkm" O{Zj/ ePsf] jf cw{–

~ 51 ~ 

O{Zj/ ePsf] slxn] klg bfaL u/]gg\ . j:t'tM …O{zf dl;xn] s;}l;t slxn] klg cfkm\gf] pkf;gf ug{ eg]gg\Ú eGg] s'/f cNnfxn] s'/cfgdf :ki6 kf/]sf 5g\ . -x]g{'; s'/cfg % M !!^–!!*_

o;k|sf/ O:nfdsf] e|ft[Tj / ;f“rf] cf:yfsf] aGwgn] cfbdb]lv cGTo;Ddsf ;a} Onfsf / dflg;nfO{ jf/kf/ ub}{ ;a}nfO{ o;} dfu{df ;dflxt ub{5 . ;To cf:yfjfgx? Ps csf{; “u dfof u5{g\ / Ps csf{nfO{ ;3fp“5g\ . of] ;f“lRrs} Pp6f z'e / a]hf]8 e|ft[Tjsf] gd'gf xf] .

ljz]iftM x/]s o'usf ;f “rf d'l:ndx? ;a} ;Gb]i6fx?df ljZjf; /fV5g\ . pgLx? tL ;a}nfO{ ;dy{g u5{g\ / ltgsf] OHhtsf] arfpm klg u5{g\ . jf:tjdf cfhsn ;Gb]i6fx?sf] OHht arfpg] lhDd]jf/L ljz]iftM ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbsf cg'ofoLx?sf] sf“wdf cfOk/]sf] 5 . cGo wd{sf dflg;x? ltgn] c:jLsf/ u/]sf ;Gb]i6faf/] ckzAb k|of]u ubf{ dfq xf]Og a? ltgLx?sf cfkm\g} ;Gb]i6fx?af/] klg ckzAb k|of]u ubf{ jf lvNnL p8fO+bf b'MvL b]lvb}gg\ . cfh d'xDdbsf cg'ofoLx? dfq} tL s'nLg / cf:yfjfg ;Gb]i6fx?sf] OHht arfpsf] nflu pE5g\ / arfpm klg ub{5g\ . s;}n] slxn] klg s'g} wfld{s d'l:ndnfO{ Oa|fxLd, O:xfs, d';f, O{zf jf cGo s'g} ;Gb]i6faf/] ckzAb ub}{ ;'g]sf] 5}g . a? d'l:ndx? tL ;a}sf ;Gb]i6fx?sf] cfb/–;Ddfg u5{g\ / ltgLx?sf] xs clwsf/ of]Uo ljlwdf pgL ;a}nfO{ dfof ub{5g\ .

O:nfdM ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbsf] wd{

;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ sf] ;doeGbf cl3 Toxf“ w]/} wd{x? k|rngdf lyP eGg ;lsG5 lsgls x/]s ;d'bfosf cf–cfkm\gf ;Gb]i6fx? lyP . h;sf lzIffx?nfO{ pgLx?n] k5\ofpg] uy]{ / O:nfds} af6f]df x'Gy] . o;}a]nf ;Gb]i6fx?sf] To:t} l;nl;nfdf Pp6f gof “ ;Gb]i6f pgLx?tk{m cfPsf] eP Tof] gof“ ;Gb]i6fnfO{ k5\ofpg'afx]s ltgLx?sf] csf{] s'g} clwsf/ x'g] lyPg . klxnf ax; u/] cg';f/ …h;n] cNnfxsf] kl5Nnf] ;Gb]i6fnfO{ dfGg' c:jLsf/ u5{Ú pm cNnfxtk{m ;f“lRrs} ;dlk{t 5}g / cNnfxtk{m ;f“lRrs} ;dlk{t g ePsfn] pm d'l:nd x'g ;Sb}g .

~ 52 ~ 

t;y{ ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdbsf] ;dob]lv -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_cNnfxk|lt ;dk{0f / pkf;gfsf] Pp6} :jLsf/o'Qm ljlw cyf{t\ ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdbsf] dfu{ /x]sf] 5 . cfhsn cNnfxsf] OR5fk|lt ;f“lRrs} cfTd;dk{0f ug{ ;lsg] oxL Psdfq dfu{ xf] . h;n] hfgLhfgL ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ nfO{ c:jLsf/ u5{, pm cGo hlt ;Gb]i6fx?dfly ljZjf; /fv] klg cNnfxk|lt ;dlk{t / d'l:nd x'g ;Sb}g .

…cNnfxk|lt ;dk{0fÚ jf O:nfdsf] gfd kfPsf] PSnf] wd{ d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ sf] wd{ xf]Ú pNn]v ug{' ?lrk"j{s x'G5 . cGo k|Voft wd{x? JolQm ljz]if, dflg; jf :yfgx?sf] gfddf k|rngdf /x]sf 5g\ . dfOqmf];km\6 OGsf6f{ cg';f/ ox'bLsf] kl/efiff clxn]sf] lxa|f] cl3 klg e]l6Psf] 5}g . of] ox'bfsf] gfdl;t hf]l8Psf] 5 . O{zfO gfd lg;Gb]x O{zfkl5 cfPsf] xf] / a'4 wd{sf] gfd a'4kl5 cfPsf] xf] . lxGb'dtsf] gfd lxGb':tfg :yfgl;t hf]l8Psf] 5 . t/, cNnfxsf] a'l4dQf / bofn] ubf{ cNnfxk|lt ;dk{0fsf] Psdfq ;f “rf] wd{sf] gfd -h'g ;a} ;Gb]i6fx?sf] wd{ xf]_ ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltsf nflu k7fOPsf clGtd ;Gb]i6fsf] p2]Zo;“u dfq} /flvPsf] / ;'/lIft ul/Psf] 5 .

;du|df clxn] O:nfd / of]eGbf klxnfsf ;a} ;Gb]i6fx?sf] k4lt kfpg Psdfq pkfo ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdbnfO{ cg';/0f ug'{ xf] . d';fsf] af/]df ;Gb]Zfjfxsn] eg]sf 5g\, …d]/f] bfh' d';f cfh hLljt ePsf] eP pgnfO{ d]/f] cg'ofoL x'g'afx]s csf{] s'g} pkfo x'“b}gYof] .Ú -#!_

;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ sf] k4ltnfO{ ckgfpg'sf] lglDt x/]ssf] nflu v'nf ul/Psf] 5 . Pp6f ;'Gb/ aofgdf ;Gb]zjfxsn] ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhflttk{m cfkm\gf] cfXjfgsf] :jefpsf] Pp6f /x:odoL JofVof u/]sf 5g\ . …pgn] ;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdf s]xL :ju{b"tx? pgLlg/ cfP, ;Gb]i6f;Fu tL :ju{b"tx?n] eg], …pgL ;'lt/x]5g\ To;}n] pgnfO{ 5fl8 b]cf }+_Ú csf{n] hjfkm lbP, …logsf cf“vf lgbfO{/x]sf 5g\ t/ lbn hfu?s 5 .Ú pgLx?n] eg], …xf], ltd|f ;fyL To:t} 5Ú / pgLx?n] ;dfg k|:tfj u/] . pgLx?n] eg], …o;sf] pbfx/0f o:tf] dfG5] h:tf] xf] h;n] Pp6f ejg agfp “5,

~ 53 ~ 

To;df vfg]lkpg] ;fdu|Laf6 el/k"0f{ Pp6f 7"nf] 6]a'n nufp “5 / c? dflg;x?nfO{ To;tk{m 8fS5 . hf] p;sf] lgDtf] :jLsf5{g\, 3/leq k:5g\ / la5fOPsf] d]raf6 vfG5g\ . hf] p;sf] lgDtf] :jfsfb{}gg\, pgL g t 3/leq k:5g\ g la5fOPsf] d]raf6 vfG5g\ .Ú s]xL :ju{b"tn] eg], …o;nfO{ o;sf] cy{ atfpm .Ú csf{n] pQ/ lbP, …of] ;'lt/x]5Ú tL csf{af6 hjfkm cfof], …o;sf cf “vf ;'lt/x]5g\ t/ o;sf] lbn hfu?s 5 .Ú t;y{ pgn] /x:osf] JofVof ub{{} eg], …Tof] ejg :ju{ xf] / 8fSg] dfG5] d'xDdb x'g\ -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ . To;}n] d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ sf] cf1fkfng oyfy{df cNnfxsf] cf1fkfng xf] . hf] sf]xL d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ sf] cj1f u5{ pm jf:tjdf cNnfxsf] cj1f u5{ . / d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ dfgjhfltnfO{ d'lQm lbnfpg] x'g\ .Ú -#@_

ca To; lgdGq0ffsf] pb\3f]if eO;s]sf] 5 / x/]sn] pQm lgdGq0ffnfO{ :jLsf/ jf c:jLsf/ u/L cfkm\gf] lg0f{osf] kl/0ffd cjZo ef]Ug' kg{]5 .

cf:yfaf/] O:nfdL wf/0ff

cNnfxk|lt jfXo ;dk{0fsf;fy} lbndf klg cjZo ljZjf; /fVg'k5{ . cf:yfl;t ;DalGwt k|Zg s]df ;Defljt ljZjf; /fVg' kg]{ xf] jf csf]{ kl/efiffdf cf:yfsf ljifox? s] s] x'g\ < ;Gb]zjfxsn] Psrf]l6 cf:yfsf] JofVof o;/L u/]sf 5g\, …of] cNnfxnufot pgsf :ju{b"tx?df, pgsf lstfax?df, pgsf ;Gb]i6fx?df, clGtd lbgdf, /fd|f] / g/fd|f] b'a} O{Zj/Lo cfb]zdf ljZjf; ug{' xf] .Ú oxf “ ;Gb]zjfxsn] cf:yfsf k|fylds wf/fx?tk{m cf}+NofPsf 5g\ . tL wf/fx? ulGtdf b]xfo adf]lhd ^ j6f 5g\,

-!_ cNnfxdf ljZjf;, O:nfdL cf:yfsf] dxTjk"0f{ vDaf xf] . cf:yfsf] of] ljifo of] lstfael/ :ki6 kfl/Psf] 5 / To;}n] oxf “ k'gM lj:tf/sf] cfjZostf 5}g .

-@_ :ju{b"tx?df ljZjf;, :ju{b"tx? cNnfxsf] ;[li6sf Pp6f lsl;d x'g\ hf] ;fdfGotof dfG5]af6 b]lv+b}gg\ . pgLx? k|sfzaf6 ;[li6 ul/Psf 5g\, t/

~ 54 ~ 

pgLx?sf] ?k / z/L/ x'G5 . pgLx? cNnfxsf ;]js x'g\ / pgLleq s'g} k|sf/sf] O{Zj/Lo efj x'Fb}g . pgL pgsf] k"0f{tof cf1fkfng u5{g\ / pgsf] cfb]zsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 slxn] klg cndn ub}{gg\ . …dfgjhfltsf] cg'ejL If]qeGbf k/ s]xL cl:tTjx? klg /x]sf 5g\ eGg] oyfy{df cf3ft g nfUg'k5{ lsgls cfh klg o; k[YjLdfly dflg;n] klxnf ghflgPsf k|f0fL ljz]ifx? e]6fO/x]sf 5g\ .

-#_ cNnfxaf6 k|sfzgf ul/Psf lstfax?df ljZjf;, cNnfxsf lstfax?df ljZjf;n] cNnfxn] cfkm\gf ;Gb]zjfxsx?tk{m cfkm\gf] s[kf / kyk|bz{gsf] nflu dfgjhfltnfO{ o; hLjgdf ;kmntf / o;kl5sf] hLjgdf ;'v k|flKtsf] nflu tfGg] cNnfxsf k|sfzgftk{m cf}+Nofp“5 . s'/cfg o:tf lstfax?sf] Pp6f ;+Voftk{m ;+s]t u5{, Oa|fxLdsf d'7f cfsf/sf k':tsx?, df];];sf] tf}/ft, 8}lj8sf ehgfjnL / h];];sf z'e–;dfrf/x? . -…;Gb]zjfxsx?n] k|fKt u/]sf df}lns k|sfzgfx?sf] gfdn] hflgg] cfhsf lstfax? x'ax' To:tf 5}gg\Ú cjZo ;Demgf /fVg'k5{ . -To;nfO{ 7Ls;“u ;'/lIft ul/Psf] lyPg_ u|Gyx?af/] ljZjf;df s'/cfg clGtd k|sfzgf x'g] ljZjf; klg ;lDdlnt /x]sf] 5 . …cNnfxn] k|sfzgf u/]sf s'g} nfO{ ljZjf; / cGonfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{'df cfkm\gf] clwsf/ atfpg' dfG5]sf] nflu 7"nf] x7 jf cljZjf;sf] Pp6f lsl;d dflgPsf] 5Ú eGg] a'em\g' w]/} dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g\, …s] ltdLx? O{zu|Gysf s]xL c+zdfly cf:yf /fVb5f} clg s]xL c+zk|lt s'k|m -cgf:yf k|bz{g_ u5f{} < ltdLx?dWo] h;n] o:tf] u5{ p;sfnflu o;afx]s c? s] ;hfo x'g ;S5 ls ;f+;fl/s hLjgdf Tof] ckdflgt xf];\ / dxfk|nosf] lbg cToGt s7f]/ oftgftkm{ x'TofOof];\ < /, cNnfx ltdLx?n] ug{] u/]sf sfo{x?af6 cgle1 5}gg\ .Ú -s'/cfg, @ M *%_

-$_ ;Gb]i6fx?dfly ljZjf;, of] ljrf/ klg klxnf g} lj:tf/;“u ax; ul/;lsPsf] 5 / To;}n] o;sf] oxfF cem} AofVof ug{'kg{] vf“rf] b]lv+b}g .

-%_ clGtd lbg / cflv/tdf ljZjf;, To;kl5 csf]{ lbg gx'g'nfO{ …clGtd lbgÚ elgPsf] 5 . To;kl5 :ju{sf dflg; cfkm\gf] cfjf;df / g/ssf dflg; cfkmgf cfjf;df x'g]5g\ . To;sf] csf]{ gfd klg 5 h:t} …d/f]0ff]Q/

~ 55 ~ 

hLjgÚ …Gofosf] lbgÚ . dflg;n] kf/ ug]{ Tof] ;aeGbf 7"nf] lbg xf]nf . jf:tjdf Tof] ;aeGbf uDeL/ / eofgs lbg x'g]5 . To;lbg dfG5]sf] gof “ lhGbuL lgwf{l/t ul/g]5 . To;n] x/]s k|f0fLsf] nflu Pp6f gof“ ;'?jft k|tLt ug]{5 . pQm gof“ v'l8\snf]n] oft cgGt k/d\ ;'v k|fKt ug{]5 jf g/sb08tk{m 8f]¥ofpg]5 . clGtd lbgsf] ljZjf;n] s'/cfg jf d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ n] To;lbg jf To;kl5sf lbgx?af/] lhls/ u/]sf x/]s s'/fsf] ljZjf;nfO{ hgfp “5 . Toxf“ s]xL cfd?kx? -d/f]0ff]Q/ hLjg, km};nf, Ogfd, :ju{ / g/s_ 5g\ tyf s'/cfg jf cNnfxsf ;Gb]zjfxs -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ af6 lhls/ ul/Psf cGo lj:t[t ?kx? klg 5g\ . cem cufl8 To;lbg / To;sf] ;]/f]k]m/f]sf 36gfx?af/] 1fg ePkl5 o;n] dfG5]dfly 7"nf] c;/ kfg]{5 . t;y{ s'/cfg / ;'Ggtn] To; lbg / To;a]nfsf 36gfx?af/] w]/} lj:t[t s'/fx? pknAw u/fp“5g\ .

…:ju{ jf g/sdf x'g] af/] ls6fgsf;fy eGg ;lsGgÚ eGg] a'em\g dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . -##_ …sf] ;“u s] x'g]5 eGg] s;}nfO{ yfx 5}g . cfhsf] Pp6f ;Rrl/q dfG5] abNg ;S5 / ef]ln cfkm"nfO{ g/stk{m 8f]¥ofp “b} b'i6 x'g ;S5 . O:nfdsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] b'Zdg / cljZjf;L eljiodf k5'tf] ug{ ;S5 / cfkm"nfO{ :ju{tk{m 8f]¥ofp “b} ;aeGbf al9 wfld{s x'g ;S5 . kSs} s]xL o:tf dflg;x? klg 5g\ hf] slxn] klg O:nfdaf/] ;'Gg rfx“b}gg\ jf O:nfdsf] w]/} c;To lrq dfq} b]vfOPsf x'G5g\ . …o;kl5sf] hLjgdf o:tf dflg;x?l;t s] Jojxf/ ul/g]5, cNnfxnfO{ dfq} yfx 5 . tfklg s]xL s'/fx? lglZrt 5g\, h:t} cNnfx PSn} To; lbgsf] lg0ff{os x'g]5, cNnfxn] s;};“u klg s0f a/fa/ klg cGofo ug]{5}g / sf]xL ;f“rf] d'l:nd / ljZjf;stf{ ePdf cNnfx p;l;t v'zL x'g]5 .

-^_ O{Zj/Lo cfb]zdf ljZjf; /fVg', …o;sf] cy{, …o; ;[li6df s'g} 36gf cNnfxsf] cg'dlt / OR5f lagf 36\g ;Sb}gÚ eGg] oyfy{df ljZjf; /fVg' xf] . pgsf] OR5flj?4 hfg s;}df ;fdy{ 5}g . ;a} s'/fx? pgsf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf 5g\ . …tfklg o;sf] cy{, O:nfd efUojfbL xf] eGg] xf]Og . dflg;nfO{ Pp6f lsl;dsf] :jtGq OR5f lbPsf] 5 . …h;/L klg dflg;n] cfOGbf h] ug]{5g\Ú cNnfx cfkm\gf] k"0f{ 1fgn] To;nfO{ klxnfb]lv g} hfGb5 . …pgLx? h] klg ug{

~ 56 ~ 

OR5's 5g\, p;nfO{ yfx 5 / p;n] klg To;nfO{ rfxG5 / To;sf] cf1f lbG5 t/ pm ltgLx?af6 cfkm\gf] hLjg rogsf] sf/0f xf]Og .

O:nfdL cf:yfsf pk/f]Qm oL kf“r cfwf/e"t ljifoj:t'x? x'g\ . oxf“ cf:yfl;t ;DalGwt Pp6f bf];|f] dxTjk"0f{ ljifo …cf:yfÚsf] jf:tljs cy{ / tfTko{ s] xf] < eGg] ljifo klg /x]sf] 5 . klxnf], cf:yf cyf{t\ sf]xLdf ;f“rf] / l:y/ ljZjf;n] To;sf] cf1fkfngtk{m 8f]¥ofpg'k5{ . cGoyf Tof] s'g} tYosf] Pp6f dfGotf dfq x'g]5 / cf:yfaf/] O:nfdsf] pQm ljrf/ xf]Og .

dfG5]sf cf:yfx? p;sf] cl:tTjsf ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ ?k x'g\ . ToxL p;sf] hLjgz}nL / JolQmut 5gf}6 k5fl8 sf/s zlQm x'g] u5{g\ . ;f “rf] / k|efjzfnL ljZjf;x? Pp6f slNkt ;tx;Dd dfq k'Ub}gg\ a? ltgLx?sf] k|efj lbgfg'lbg Jojxfl/s ;txdf b]vfk5{ . csf]{ zAbdf s;}sf sd{x?dfly s'g} bl/nf] c;/ g/fvL Toxf“ s'g} ;f “rf] cf:yf g} x'“b}g . …d cfkm\gf] lbndf ljZjf; /fV5'Ú s;}n] bfaL u/]kl5 To;}a]nf p;n] cfkm\gf] ljZjf;sf] bfaLcg'?k sd{x? gul/sg p;sf] bfaL ;xL x'“b}g . To:tf] dfG5]sf sd{x? p;sf] cfkm\gf] lbndf ePsf] cf:yfsf] bfaLnfO{ c;To k|dfl0ft ul/lbG5g\ . o;k|sf/ O:nfdL bz{g cg';f/ lbndf ;f“rf] cf:yfn] sd{x?af6 O{Zj/sf] cf1fkfngsf] rfxgf u5{ .

O:nfddf pkf;gfsf lgoldt sd{x?

pkf;gfsf] kl/lw

pkf;gfsf] O:nfdL kl/efiff cg';f/ kfngstf{sf] clgR5fk"0f{ dftxtL eGg] cy{ x'G5 . O{Zj/sf] pkf;gf Psdfq p2]Zo xf] h;sf] nflu jf:tjdf ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltsf] ;[li6 ul/Psf] 5 . oyfy{df hlxn] klg sf]xL ;j{>]i7 / ;j{dxfg O{Zj/sf] ;f “rf] ;]jf / pkf;gfaf6 g} x'g ;S5 .

clNdS/LhL n]V5g\, …pkf;gfsf] :j?kdf rf/j6f s'/fx? kb{5g\,

~ 57 ~ 

…pkf;gfÚ lgoldt jf wfld{s jf cfWoflTds 7fg]sf sd{x?df ;Lldt 5}g. ;s];Dd cNnfxsf] Pp6f k"0f{;]js aGg' p;sf] p2]Zo x'g'k5{ . clgR5fk"0f{ dftxtLsf] ;xL wf/0ff w]/} Jofks 5 . pkf;gf jf Oafbtsf] wf/0ffdf cNnfxn] dg k/fpg] / d~h'/L lbg] cfGtl/s jf afXo x/]s egfO{ jf u/fO{ zfd]n 5g\ . t;y{ pkf;gf dfG5]sf] x/]s efudf ldl;Psf] x'g'k5{ . o;n] p;leq ljlzi6 u'0fx?nfO{ afXo sd{x? h:t} 5'g'k5{ .

5f]6s/Ldf pkf;gfn] lgDg s'/fx?nfO{ cf]u6]sf] 5,

-s_ dfG5]sf] k|e';“usf] ;DaGw . -v_ dfG5]sf] cfkm\gf] cfTdf;“usf] ;DaGw / To;dfly clwsf/ . -u_ dfG5]sf] cfkm\gf] ;du| ;dfh;“usf] ;DaGw . -3_ dfG5]sf] cfkm\gf gft]bf/, nf]Ug]:jf:gL, ;Gtfg / pm;“u ljz]if xsclwsf/ /fv]sf ;a};“usf] ;DaGw . -ª_ dfG5]sf] cNnfxn] o; ;[li6df /fv]sf hgfj/x?; “usf] ;DaGw . -r_ lhDd]jf/Lsf;fy / g}lts tj/n] k|of]usf] nflu cNnfxn] ;[hgf u/]sf] kof{j/0f / ;Dk"0f{ ;|f]tx?;“usf] ;DaGw .

tfklg cNnfxn] dfgjhfltnfO{ pkf;gfsf tL sd{x?df s;/L cufl8 a9\g], To;nfO{ s;/L hf]ufpg] / To;nfO{ s;/L lg/Gt/tf lbg] eGg] cflb s'/fx?af6 lagf k|df0f 5f]8]sf] 5}g . a? cNnfxn] dfgjhfltsf nflu pkf;gfsf lalzi6 lgoldt sd{x? lgof]hg u/]sf] 5 . oL sd{x? ltgsf pkf;gfsf sd{ x'g\ / ltgLx? Ps cNnfxsf] pkf;gfsf] dfu{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbgsf nflu dfG5]nfO{ ;3fpg] sd{ klg x'g\ . tL sd{x?dWo] ;a}eGbf al9 dxTjk"0f{ sd{ …O:nfdsf kf“r cfwf/ :tDeÚ sf] gfdn] kl/eflift 5g\ . ;Gb]zjfxs -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ n] a0f{g u/]sf 5g\, …O:nfdnfO{ kf“rj6f -cfwf/ :tDe_ df :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5, …cNnfxafx]s pkf;gf of]Uo sf]xL xf]Og / d'xDdb cNnfxsf ;Gb]i6f x'g\Ú eGg] s'/fsf] ;fIfL aSg', gdfh sfod ug{', hsft -wd{bfg_ lbg', To; 3/ -sc\af_ sf] xHh ug{' tyf /dwfg dlxgfsf] a|t -/f]hf_ /fVg' .Ú -#$_

klxnf] cfwf/ :tDe cf:yfsf] 3f]if0ff xf] . …hgtfsf] k'li6 a]u/ s;}n] klg lbndf cf1fkfng x'g' bfaL ug{' x'“b}gÚ eGg] klxnf] cfwf/ :tDen] hgfp“5 . O{Zj/sf] cf1fkfngsf] cy{ uf]Ko cf1fkfng xf]Og . of] Pp6f ;fj{hlgs

~ 58 ~ 

cf1fkfng xf], of] x/]ssf] cfr/0fnfO{ xf “Sg] zlQm xf] . o;k|sf/ b[9 ljZjf;, cf:yf, z'4 lgot / Odfgbf/Lsf ;fy hf] sf]xLn] …sf]xL pkf;gf of]Uo xf]Og cNnfxafx]s / d'xDdb cNnfxsf ;Gb]i6f x'g\Ú sf] 3f]if0ff ug{'k5{ .

oL cfwf/ ljgf af“sL sd{x? jf:tjdf Joy{ x'G5g\ . cGo sd{x? cf:yfdfly cjZo cfwfl/t x'G5g\ . k|ydtM O{Zj/ / pgsf ;Gb]i6fdf ljZjf; g/flv s;}n] s'g} sd{dfk{mt O{Zj/nfO{ /fd|f];“u v'zL kfg{ ;Sb}g . t;y{ o;cf:yfsf] ;+utn] sd{x?tk{m xf “S5 . o; cf:yfn] 8f]¥ofPsf] klxnf] sd{ cf:yfsf] 3f]if0ff / Pnfg xf] . t;y{ ;a}sf] nflu csf{ cfwf/x?sf] of] k|f/lDes ljifoj:t' xf] .

cGo rf/j6f :tDex? tn aofg ul/Psf 5g\,

gdfh -k|fy{gf_

bf];|f] :tDe, …k|fy{gf sfod ug{'Ú -gdfh_ xf] . of] :tDesf] cy{ cfkm\gf] OR5fg';f/ hlxn] / hxf“ klg dfq} k|fy{gf ug{' xf]Og . x/]s d'l:ndn] O{Zj/k|lt cfkm\gf] cf1fkfngsf] df}lns lrGx ;/x cjZo ug{'kg]{ cf}krfl/s / lgoldt k|fy{gfx? 5g\ . -#%_ k|To]s lbg lgwf{l/t ;dodf To:tf kf“rj6f k|fy{gfx? 5g\ . klxnf] k|fy{gfsf] ;do laxfgL x'g'eGbf cufl8 jf ;"of{]bo x'g'eGbf cufl8 x'G5 . bf];|f] k|fy{gfsf] a]nf 7\ofSs} dWofGxkl5 k|f/De x'G5 . t];|f], ck/fGxkl5 z'? x'G5 . rf}yf], ;"of{:t nuTt}kl5 k|f/De x'G5 . /, kf “rf}+ /ftb]lv z'? x'G5 . t;y{ Pp6f d'l:ndnfO{ Pp6f cf}krfl/s k|fy{gfaf6 6f9f /xgsf] nflu lbgel/df s'g} cjlw afFsL /x+b}g . oL af/Daf/sf k|fy{gfx?n] dfG5]nfO{ p;sf] kfngstf{l;tsf] ;DaGw / hLjgdf p;sf] ;xL p2]ZonfO{ nuftf/ :d/0f u/fp“5 .

cfd?kn] oL k|fy{gfx? dl:hbdf pkl:yt eO{ ;fd"lxs ?kdf ug{' clgjfo{ ul/Psf 5g\ . o;}n] d'l:nd cfjfbLdf cgulGt dl:hbx? :yfkgf ul/Psf x'G5g\ . cf:yfjfgx? cfkm"dWo] s;}åf/f ljlzi6 jfSof+z kf7 ub}{ k|fy{gfsf] nflu o;/L af]nfOG5g\, …cfpm k|fy{gftk{m… …cfpm ;kmntftk{m .Ú eQmx? k|fy{gfsf] cu'jf -O{dfd_ sf k5fl8 dl:hbdf ;f]emf] k+lQm agfp“5g\ . tL

~ 59 ~ 

;a} Pp6} lbzf dSsflt/ pGd'v x'G5g\ . k|fy{gf c/aL efiffdf s'/cfg k9]/ ul/G5 . k|fy{gf eGgfn] cNnfxnfO{ ;fi6fË / 9f]Ug] eGg] x'G5 . ;+;f/el/sf] ofqf u/]kl5 s;}n] d'l:ndx?nfO{ Pp6} z}nL / Pp6} c/aL efiff / avfgdf k|fy{gf ub}{ u/]sf] kfOg]5 . o;k|sf/ Pp6f d'l:nd ;+;f/el/sf s'g} klg dl:hbdf k;]/ t'?Gt} 3/ h:tf] tyf cf:yfsf cfkm\gf bfh'efO{ / lbbLalxgLdfem x'g] cg'e"lt u5{ .

k|fy{gfx?sf] dxTj cfkm\gf] hLjgdf ug]{ sd{x?sf] oyfy{df /xG5 . ;a}eGbf al9 dxTjk"0f{ ?k dflg;sf] cNnfx;“usf] ;DaGw xf] . cNnfxaf/]sf] 1fg, lgisk6tf / cNnfxsf] pkf;gf ug{' g} p;sf] cf:yf xf] . cNnfx;“usf] of] ;DaGw egfO{ / u/fO{ b'a}df /flvPsf] 5 tyf k|fy{gfåf/f To;nfO{ ;'wf/ u/L a9fOPsf] 5 .

hsft -wd{bfg_

O:nfdsf] t];|f] :tDe hsft jf wd{bfg xf] . hsft Pp6f ljlzi6 ;d"x h:t} u/La jf bLgxLgx?nfO{ jif]{gL cjZo lbg'kg]{ s;}sf] ljleGg ;DklQsf] Pp6f ljlzi6 lx:;f xf] .

cNnfxsf] sf/0f cfkm\gf] wgsf] s]xL efu 5f]8\gsf] nflu afWo kfg{] ljrf/ klxnf ;Gb]i6fx?sf] ;Gb]zdf klg kfOg] pkf;gfdWo] Pp6f sd{ xf] . cfTdfsf] zf]wgdf o;sf] dxTjk"0f{ :yfg /x]sf] x'G5 eGg] ;Gbe{df ;'n}dfg gb\jLåf/f o:tf] pb\3[t ul/Psf] 5,

…Dffgjhfltsf] cfWoflTds /f]usf] d'Vo sf/0f cNnfxl;t cfzf / qf;sf] cg'kl:ylt / pxf“;“u dfof / ;DaGwsf] sdL xf] . oL /f]ux?sf] pkrf/ k|fy{gf -gdfh_ xf] . oL /f]ux?sf] csf]{ sf/0f klg xf] cyf{t\ cNnfx;“u ;DaGwsf] ;§f ;f+;fl/s ef]u, wg;DklQ / hfoh]yf;“u al9 ;DaGw . /f]usf] of] bf];|f] sf/0fsf] pkrf/ hsft -wd{bfg_ xf] .Ú -#^_

pkf;gfsf] of] sd{n] pkf;gfsf] kl/lwsf] ;DaGwdf cl3 ax; u/L ;lsPsf] Pp6f tYodfly Wofg s]lGb|t u/fp “5 . pkf;gfsf] ;/f]sf/ cfkm\gf]

~ 60 ~ 

k|e'l;t cGt/lqmofaf6 dfq} x'“b}g a? o;n] ljz]iftM d'l:ndx?sf] cGt/lqmofl;t / cfd?kdf af “sL ;a} dfgjhfltl;t ;/f]sf/ /fV5 . hsftåf/f k|ToIf ?kdf csf{sf cfjZostfx? k"/f ul/G5 . h'gsf/0fn] csf{l;t cGt/lqmof ug{'k5{ Tof] k'gM Psrf]l6 cNnfxsf] pkf;gf g} xf] .

hsftn] cNnfxsf vflt/ csf{sf] d2t / kl/Tofusf] dg;fo cfTdfdf ljsl;t u/fp“5 . ;f “rf] cf:yfjfgn] cNnfxsf] sf/0f lbg', …cNnfx o:tf sd{l;t w]/} v'zL x'G5Ú eGg] xif{sf] r]tgzLn v]tL cfkm\gf] lbndf u5{ . of] :jfyL{ x'g', unt wg Psflf ug{' / d'6'af6 cxd\tfsf s'ljrf/x? pGd"ngsf] nflu dfq xf]Og cem o;sf] ;/f]sf/ To;eGbf klg al9 /x]sf] 5 . of] ltgLx?sf] ;+efljt /f]uL dgf]efjsf] x/]s d'l:ndn] kl/Tofu ug{'kg]{ / cNnfxsf] al9 lgs6tf kfpgsf] nflu csf{sf] d2t ug{'kg]{ dgf]efjl;t :yfgfGt/ ub{5 .

a|t -/f]hf_ /fVg'

O:nfdsf] rf}yf] :tDe O:nfdL ;Ddtsf] gjf}+ dlxgf /dwfgsf] a|t /fVg' xf] . vfg', lkpg' / of}g ;Dks{af6 lbgdf -laxfgLb]lv ;"of{:t;Dd_ of] dlxgfdf ?Sg' o;sf] cfzo xf] . -#&_

a|t ;+od, elQm / O{Zj/ r]tgfsf] ;|f]t xf] . cNnfxn] o;sf] cfb]z d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ eGbf klxnfsf ;Gb]zjfxsx?nfO{ klg lbPsf lyP . /dwfg dlxgfsf] a|t lgwf{l/t ug]{ Znf]sdf cNnfxn] o;sf] :yfg / p2]Zo o;/L atfPsf 5g\, …x] cf:yfjfgx? xf] Û ltdLx?dfly a|tclgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5 h;/L ltdLx?eGbf cl3sf dflg;x?dfly clgjfo{ ul/Psf] lyof] . cfzf 5 ls ltdLx?leq O{zeo pTkGg x'g]5 .Ú -s'/cfg, @ M !*#_

a|tsf] kl/lw s]jn vfgf vfg', lkpg' / of}g ;DjGwaf6 ?Sg'eGbf cem w]/} /x]sf] x'G5 . o;df cNnfxsf] r]tgf clt r'lnPsf] x'G5 . O{Zj/Lo r]tgfsf] of] rls{t ;tx a|t /fVbf x/]ssf] x/]s s'/f]df k|ltlalDat x'g'k5{ . ;Gb]zjfxs -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ n] o; j0f{gdf pQm tYotk{m ;+s]t u/]sf 5g\, …;DejtM a|t /fVg] JolQm cfkm\gf] a|taf6 ef]safx]s s]xL kfp“b}g .

~ 61 ~ 

ca]/ /fltsf] k|fy{gf ug]{x?n] -#*_ ;DejtM cfkm\gf] k|fy{gfaf6 clgbf]afx]s s]xL kfp“b}gg\ .Ú -#(_ ;Gb]zjfxs -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ n] cem eg]sf 5g\, …a|t, vfg' / lkpg'af6 ?Sg' dfq} xf]Og, cem a|t kmh'n / cZnLn s'/fx?af6 aRg' klg xf] . s;}n] ltdLnfO{ ufnL u/]kl5 jf ltdLl;t d"v{VofO{ u/]kl5 ltdLn] pm;Fu eGg'k5{, …d}n] a|t /fv]sf] 5', d}n] a|t /fv]sf] 5' .Ú -$)_ cGttM ;Gb]i6f -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ n] eg]sf 5g\, …s;}n] e"m7f] af]Ng jf To;cg';f/ sd{ ug{ 5f]8]g eg] p;n] cfkm\gf] vfg' lkpg' 5f]8\g'sf] cNnfxnfO{ s'g} cfjZostf 5}g .Ú -$!_

a|t Pp6f cEof; xf] h;df dfG5] cfkm\gf] OR5f / rfxgf cNnfxsf] rfxgfnfO{ cl3 /fVb} 5f]l8 lbG5 . o;n] dfG5]nfO{ p;sf] hLjgsf] ;f “rf] nIo / p2]Zo ;Demgf u/fpFb5 . a|tn] p;nfO{ cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] nflu rflxg] / p;sf] nflu jf:tjdf dxTjk"0f{ x'g] dfldnfx?nfO{ ;xL kl/k|]Ifdf /fVg] cf1f lbG5 .

cNnfxsf ;Gb]i6f -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ n] Ps k6s eg]sf lyP, …cfkm"eGbf tntk{m x]/ -hf] ltdLeGbf sdt/ 5g\_ / cfkm"eGbf dflytk{m gx]/ -hf] ltdLeGbf al9 ;fdYo{ /fVb5g\_ cGoyf ltdLx?dfly cNnfxsf pkxf/x? ltdLlg/ t'R5 x'gk'U5g\ .Ú -$@_ o; xbL;df ;Gb]zjfxs -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ n] Pp6f pkb]z lbPsf 5g\ hf] x/]snfO{ p;n] cNnfxaf6 kfPsf] cg]s pksf/x?sf] sb/ ug{'df d2t k'¥ofp “b5 . a|tn] dfG5]nfO{ cem cufl8 n}hfg d2t u5{ . a|t /fVb} dfG5] c?sf] b'b{zf dfq b]Vb}g a? pm jf:tjdf ltgLx?sf] b'b{zfsf af/]df cfk}m+ klg dx;'; ug{ yfN5 . t;y{ wgf9\on] cfkm"nfO{ lbOPsf]df ljrf/ u/L ;xL s[t1tf 1fkg ug{ ;S5 . ljz]ifu/L cfhef]ln / ef}lts?kn] ljsl;t s]xL d'n'sx?df s;}n] vfgf, lkpg z'4kfgL, lah'nL cflb;Dd w]/} ;lhnf]; “u kx'“r /fV5g\ . tL ;xh} pknAw x'gfn] dfG5] ltgnfO{ cg'bfg 7fg]/ pkef]u ug{ yfN5 / logLx? slt w]/} dxfg\ a/bfg x'g\ / slt w]/} dflg; cfhsf] ;+;f/df oL df}lns cfjZostfx?af6 al~rt /x]sf 5g\, pgLx?n] a'em\b}gg\ .

~ 62 ~ 

dSsfsf] tLy{ -xHh_ ug{'

O:nfdsf] kfFrf}+ jf clGtd :tDe cNnfxsf] 3/ jf sc\aflt/ tLy{ -xHh_ ug{' xf] . x/]s d'l:nddfly ef}lts / cfly{s Ifdtf /fv]sf] cj:yfdf hLjgel/df sDtLdf Psk6s xHh clgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .

xHhsf lqmofsnfkx? dSsf pkTosfdf Oa|fxLd, pgsL >LdtL xfh/f / pgsf 5f]/f O:dfOnsf sd{x?sf] ;Demgfdf ul/G5g\ . x/]sn] ltgLx?sf kfOnfx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] :d[ltdf j:t'tM bf]xf]¥ofp“5 . x/]sn] pgLx?nfO{ :d/0f u5{g\ lsgls pgLx?n] cNnfxsf] sf/0f lxh/t u/]sf lyP / To;sf] abnfdf cNnfx pgLx?;Fu v'zL ePsf lyP / s}of}+ lx;fan] pgLx?dfly s[kf u/]sf lyP .

of] xHh jf:tjdf Pp6f lg/Gt/ rln/xg] cEof; xf] . ;+;f/sf x/]s s'gfaf6 s}of} + ldlnog dflg;x? Ps} :yfgdf cfpg] u5{g\ / dSsfdf em'lDdG5g\ . pgLx? cNnfxsf] ;]jfdf af/Daf/ dSsf cfpgsf] nflu cfkm\gf] v'zL JoQm u5{g\ . ltyf{n'x?aLr To; z'e lbg cfkm\gf] k|e'cufl8 plePsf] a]nf ;f+;fl/s lje]bx? ;dfKt x'G5g\ .

x/]s d'l:ndn] xHhsf] nflu ;do, wg / ldlxg]tsf] 7"nf] kl/Tofu ub{5 . x/]s d'l:ndn] cfkm\gf] cf:yf / kl/TofuaLrsf] ;DaGw cjZo a'em\g'k5{ . alnbfg of] wd{sf] Pp6f cfjZos tTj xf] . Pp6f ;To cf:yfjfgn] cfkm\gf] ;do, wg / hLjg klg cNnfxsf] sf/0f alnbfg ug{'sf] rfxgf /fVg'k5{ . o;eGbf cem a9L ;f “rf] cf:yfjfgn] s'/cfg / ;'Ggt cg'?k gePsf cfkm\gf ;a} rfxgf / v'zLnfO{ cjZo klg kl/Tofu ug{'k5{ . oyfy{df x/]s ;f“rf] cf:yfjfgn] cfkm" / PSnf] cNnfxsf] ;xL pkf;gfaLr c8\g] x/]s s'/fnfO{ kl/Tofu ug{'k5{ .

s'/cfg / ;'Ggtdf j}1flgs rdTsf/x?

o;eGbf klxnf pNn]v cg';f/ clGtd ;Gb]i6fsf] …rdTsf/Ú a]hf]8 /x]sf] 5 . pgL clGtd ;Gb]zjfxs / pgL kZrft\ sf]xL klg ;Gb]i6f gcfpg] x'gfn]

~ 63 ~ 

pgsf] rdTsf/ k}m;nfsf] lbg;Dd k|efj kfg]{ x'g'kb{Yof] . s'/cfg s}of}+ lsl;dn] rdTsf/L /x]sf] 5 . ut ztfAbLdf jf To;kl5 w]/} dfG5]x?n] o;df el/Psf k"0f{j}1flgs tYox?sf sf/0f o;nfO{ cb\e"t n]v]sf 5g\ . oyfy{df gof“ cljisf/x? ePsfn] tLdWo] s]xLtk{m s'/cfg / ;'Ggtdf ;+s]t ul/Psf] 5, eGg] oyfy{ dflg;x?n] a'em\g yfn]sf 5g\ .

oxfF :yfg l;ldt ePsf] x'gfn] ljz]if pbfx/0fx?nfO{ lj:t[t JofVofsf] cj;/ 5}g, s'/cfgsf] cWoogaf/] s]xL u}/d'l:nd j}1flgsx?sf] aofg oxf “ gSsn ug{ kof{Kt xf]nf .

s'/cfgsf j}1flgs rdTsf/x?af/] cfd egfO{x?

ljz]iftM jt{dfg bzsx?df w]/} j}1flgsx? s'/cfgsf cb\e"t :jefjx?af/] rlst ePsf 5g\ / !$ ;o jif{cl3 s;}åf/f o:tf] sd{ pTkGg ug{ ;Dej lyPg eGg] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu k|m]Gr cf}ifwL 8fS6/ df}/fO; Jof};]nn] afOan, s'/cfg / lj1fgsf] Jofks cWoog u/]kl5 n]v]sf 5g\, …d'xDdbsf] o'udf 1fgsf] ;txsf] kl/b[Zodf lj1fgl;t ;DalGwt s'/cfgsf w]/} jf0fLx? Pp6f dfG5]sf] s[lt x'g ;S5g\,Ú eGg] ;f]Rg ;lsGg . cemal9 s'/cfg Pp6f k|sfzgfsf] jf0fL x'gfn] dfq xf]Og, a? o;n] pknAw u/fPsf ;Totfsf k|df0fx?n] o;nfO{ w]/} ljlzi6 :yfgsf] Ogfd lbP/ klg cfh k9\bfv]l/ o;df ePsf j}1flgs jQmJox?n] klg of] dfgjLo l;dfgfdf JofVofsf] Pp6f r'gf}lt;/x hfx]/ ePsf] 5 .Ú -$#_

s'/cfg k9\bf cfdfsf] ue{df dfG5]sf] ;[li6sf] ax;n] w]/} kf7sx?sf] b[li6 cfkm"tk{m cfslif{t u5{ . jf:tjdf Joxf]/f / ljZn]if0f lgs} ckf/ ePsf]n] 6f]/f]G6f] ljZjljBfnosf z/L/ /rgf / hLj lj1fgsf s]Oy d"/, k|fWofks Pd]l/6;n] To;nfO{ cfkm\gf] k':ts …b 8]enlkª lxo'dg M lslnlgsNnL cf]l/PG6]8 PDa|fof]nf]hLÚdf -$$_ ljz]if ;+:s/0fdf ;dfj]z u/]sf 5g\ . s'/cfgdf AofVof ul/Psf cb\e"t / e|'0f ljBfsf] P]ltxfl;s ljsf;aLr Ps?ktfdfly l6Kk0fL ub}{ 8fS6/ d"/n] !(*! Dff o:tf] eg]sf lyP, …dfgj ljsf;af/] s'/cfgdf ePsf] AofVofnfO{ :k:6 kfg{'df ;3fpm k'¥ofpg' d]/f] nflu w]/} v'zLsf] s'/f xf] . oL jf0fLx? d'xDdb;Dd cjZo O{Zj/af6 cfPsf 5g\ eGg]

~ 64 ~ 

ddfly 5n{¨ ePsf] 5 lsgls oL 1fgx? k|foM w]/} ;lbof}+ kl5;Dd cljisf/ ul/Psf lyPgg\ . o;n] d'xDdb cjZo O{Zj/sf Pp6f ;Gb]i6f x'g\ eGg] ljifo ddf l;4 u5{ .Ú -$%_

z/L/ /rgf tyf k|;"lt 1fg ljz]if1 / d]lg6f]af ljZjljBfnosf k|fWofks;d]t /x]sf 8fS6/ 6LeLPg k|;fbn] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\, …ltdL s'g} lg/If/ dfG5]nfO{ -cfzo d'xDdb x'g\_ j}1flgs k|s[ltaf/] k|efjzfnL pRrf/0f ub}{ / aofg lb “b} 5Ss kfg]{ ;To e]6fp“5f}, …of] dfq ;+hf]u lyof] eg] d]/f] a'emfO{eGbf aflx/ 5 . 8fS6/ d"/sf] egfO{cg';f/ o;df w]/} ;Totfx? vflbP/ /x]sf] x'gfn] dnfO{ cfkm\gf] of] ljrf/df s'g} cfz+sf 5}g, …pgnfO{ j0f{g ug{ nufPsf] of] Pp6f O{Zj/Lo k|af]wg jf k|sfzgf xf] .Ú -$^_

yfONofG8df lrof+u d} ljZjljBfnosf k|fWofks 6]hf6]6 6]hf;]gn] j0f{g u/]sf 5g\, …ljut tLg jif{sf] cGt/fndf d s'/cfgdf ?lrs/ eP“ . cfkm\gf] cWoogaf6 rf}w ;o jif{cl3 s'/cfgdf pNn]v ePsf x/]s s'/f j}1flgs dfWodaf6 klg k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] kSsf ;To xf], eGg] d]/f] ljZjf; /x]sf] 5 . ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb k9]n]v]sf dflg; gePsf] x'gfn] cjZo Pp6f ;Gb]zjfxs lyP . lsgls a'l4sf] ?kdf Pp6f of]Uo ;|i6faf6 pgLtk{m k|sfzgf ul/Psf] o; ;TotfnfO{ pgn] k'gM k|;f/ u/] . t;y{ d]/f] ljrf/df of] eGgfsf] nflu oxL ;do xf]===-oxf“lg/ k|fWofks 6]hf;]g O:nfdL cf:yf :jLsf/ ug]{ 3f]if0ff u5{g\_ . -$&_

dfly pNn]v ePsf] clGtd JolQmn] cfkm\gf] cf:yfsf] Pnfg u/L d'l:nd ag] . jf:tjdf O:nfdsf] cWoog ug]{ k"j{]nL / klZrd]nL bzf}+ nfv dflg;x?nfO{ oxL zf}efUo k|fKt eof] . o; sf]6Ldf s]6 :6]eg jf hd{g /fhb"t d'/fb xf]kmDofg h:tf s]xL k|Voft dflg; klg x'g ;S5g\, t/ o;sf] oyfy{ k5fl8 s]xL ;Totf /x]sf] a'em\g] clws 7"nf] ;+Vof s]jn ;f]emf] dflg;sf] 5 tyf pgLx?n] lgisk6, kIfkft/lxt cWoog / dgsf] lrGtgaf6 O:nfdsf] ;Totf a'e]m/ o;nfO{ ckgfp“5g\ .

~ 65 ~ 

d'l:nd s;/L aGg] <

d'l:nd aGg] ljlw lgs} ;'ne / ;lhnf] 5 . ;a}eGbf klxnf cf:yfsf] pb\3f]if ug{'k5{ . ;fIfLx?sf] cufl8 o;/L eGg'k5{, …d ;fIfL aS5', pkf;gfsf] of]UocGo sf]xL 5}g cNnfxjfx]s / d ;fIfL aS5', d'xDdb cNnfxsf clGtd ;Gb]i6f x'g\ .Ú oL jfSox? pRrf/0f u/]kl5 dfG5] O:nfdsf] ;'Gb/ e|ft[Tjdf hf]l8G5, o; ;f}xfb{tfsf] cjlw cfbd cn}lx:;nfdsf] ;dob]lv ;+;f/sf] clGtd lbg;Dd km}lnPsf] 5 .

of] 3f]if0ff ug'{ cl3 g'xfpg l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 . pQm ;f+s]lts sd{n] klxn]sf ;a} sd{x?nfO{ w'g] e"ldsf v]Nb5 lsgls dfG5] ev{/ hLjgsf] Ps gof“ cj:yfdf kl;/x]sf] x'G5 . ;Gb]zjfxs -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];\_ n] eg]sf lyP, …O:nfdn] O:nfd k"j{sf ;a} kfkx?nfO{ d]6\5 .Ú -$*_ csf{] zAbdf rfx] s;}n] c6]/L u/]/ O{Zj/sf] cj1f u/]sf] xf];\ jf wd{ ghfGgfn] u/]sf] xf];\, tL ;a} ca dfG5]sf] k5fl8 k/]sf x'G5g\ . pm ca Pp6f gof “ hLjgsf] yfngL ub{5 . …p;n] ca cfkm\gf] klxnf] kfOnf rfn]sf] 5 eGg] a'em\g'k5{ . Toxf“ p;sf] ;fd'Gg] c? w]/} cgf}7f kfOnfx? x'G5g\ . p;n] ca cNnfxsf] Tolt~h]n;Dd Pp6f >4fn' pkf;s / ;]js eO{ x's{g' / kmlqmg'k5{, ha pm cGttM k}m;nfsf] lbg cNnfx;“u cNnfxsf] ;]js ag]/ v'zL x'“b} / cNnfxn] p;nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;]js :jLsf/L v'zL x'“b} e]6\g]5 .

… lgZro O:nfd hLjgrof{sf] Pp6f k"0f{ ljlw xf],Ú eGg] s'/fnfO{ cl3 hgfOPsf] 5 . O:nfd :jLsf/ u/]kl5 dfG5]n] cNnfxk|lt ;dk{0fsf] dg;fo /fVg'k5{ . dfG5]sf] hLjgdf w]/} kl/jt{g x'g'kg]{ o;sf] tfTko{ x'G5 . t;y{ of] hLjgsf] w]/} t/Lsfx?df cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] ;f “lRrs} Pp6f sbd xf] . …cNnfx p;sf] hLjgsf] clGtd nIo xf], eGg] 1fg / b[9 ljZjf;sf ;fy p;n] s/f/ ug{'k5{ .

To;kl5 s;}nfO{ cfkm\gf] cfWoflTds dfu{df slxn] klg PSnf] /xg' kb}{g . O:nfd c+ufNg] ljlQs} pm Toxf“ x/]ssf] nflu ePsf] e|ft[Tj / elugLTjsf] Pp6f efu aG5 . ;+;f/el/sf x/]s d'Vo zx/df s;}n] O:nfdL ;+:yf / dl:hbx? e]6\g ;S5 . o; u|Gysf/sf] cg'ej cg';f/ tL ;+:yfx? aGwgdf

~ 66 ~ 

cfPsf gof“ dfG5]nfO{ :jfut ug{ / p;nfO{ Ps d'l:nd;/x x'sf{pg] sf]lzz ug'{df ;w}+ w]/} v'zL x'G5g\ .

cNnfxn] cfkm\gf] s[kfn] cfkm\gf] wd{nfO{ x/]ssf] nflu vf]nL lbPsf 5g\ . Toxf “ s'g} aGb]hx? 5}gg\ . Psn cNnfxk|lt ;dk{0f / pkf;gfsf] nflu ljz'4 :j]R5fsf] cfjZostf dfq 5 .

cNnfxn] ;Totf rfxg] ;f“rf] dflg;nfO{ cfkm\gf] wd{ O:nfdsf] cfZro{hgs / ;'Gb/ dfu{tk{m 8f]¥ofcf];\ .

cGTo

u|Gysf/n] cNnfxsf] wd{ O:nfddfly s]xL k|sfz kfg]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5 . :ki6 ?kdf of] Pp6f cbe"t sfo{ xf] / yf]/} zAbx?df ;Dkfbg ug{' ufx|f] klg x'G5 . slxn] sfxL+ cg'ej ul/g] ;'Gb/tfnfO{ zAbx?df sf]g{ ufx|f] x'G5 . oBlk oxf“ n]lvPsf dWo] s]xLn] kf7ssf] dg / d'6'nfO{ cjZo 5'g]5g\ eGg] n]vssf] cfzf /x]sf] 5 . x/]s kf7ssf] nflu u|Gysf/sf] Psdfq ;Nnfx kljq OR5fsf;fy cNnfxtk{m pGd'v x'g'xf];\ / pgLl;t ;To kysf] k|]/0ff dfUg'xf];\ . tkfO{sf] ;f“rf] ljlGtn] -cNnfxn] rfx] eg]_ tkfO{nfO{ k|ToIf ;Totf / O:nfdsf] ;'Gb/tftk{m tfGg]5 .

~ 67 ~ 

Kffb l6Kkl8

!, ;Gb]zjfxs -pxf“dfly cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];_ sf] egfO{ / u/fO{nfO{ ;'Ggt / xbL; elgPsf] 5 . O:nfdaf/] yk k9\bf x/]snfO{ oL b'a} kl/efiffl;t k|foM ;fdgf ug{'k5{ .

@, o; k'l:tsfdf s'/cfgsf cWofo / Znf]snfO{ atfpgsf] nflu c+sdf h'g ;+s]t ul/Psf] 5 h:t} @M!^, o;sf] cfzo s'/cfgsf] bf];|f] ;"/t jf cWofo /

;f]/xf}“ Znf]s jf cfot xf] .

#, pd/ cNcZs/n] csf]{ pbfx/0f k]z u/]sf 5g\, …d?e"lddf s'g} zx/sf] cjz]if e]6fPkl5 sf]xL k'/ftfTjljb\ jf cGo s;}n] pSt zx/ dfG5]sf] sd{ af6 xf]Og a? xfjf, jiff{t, udL{ / hf8f]sf] k|fs[lts sd{sf] gtLhfdf sfod ePsf 5g\, eg]sf 5}gg\ . s;}n] o:tf] eg]sf] eP dflg;n] p;nfO{ kfun eGy] . …pd/ cNcZs/sf] lstfa …lanLkm Og cNnfx Og b nfO6 cf]km b s'/cfg PG8 ;'GgxÚ af6 .

$, lanfn lkmlnK;, b kk{h cf]km\ lqmPzg k[i7 $) .

%, lanfn lkmlnK;, b kk{h cf]km\ lqmPzg k[i7 $!, $@ .

^, d'xDdb cNxDdfb k[i6 @^ df pNn]v ul/Psf] .

&, cxdb lag t}ldof, dHd"c\ kmtfjf z}v'N O:nfd OlAg t}ldof efu !, k[i7 @$, @( .

*, cNnfxsf] ;fe]mbf/ agfpg'sf] cy{, cNnfxsf] pkf;gfsf ;fy;fy} d"lt{, ?v, hgfj/, u'kmf, :juL{o JolStTj, k|fs[lts zlSt cflbsf] klg pkf;gf ug{' xf] .

(, d'l:nd ;w}“ cNnfx af6 vf;u/L pgsf oL b'O{ gfdx? af6 cjut /xG5 . s'g} sd{ ug{ yfNbf x/]s d'l:ndn] of] eG5, …cNnfxsf] gfd af6 hf] clt bofn'

/ ;w}“ bofn' 5 .Ú

~ 68 ~ 

!), a'vf/L / d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .

!!, O:nfdL wf0ff{g';f/ z}tfg v;]sf] kml/Ztf -:ju{ b"t_ xf]Og . kml/Ztfx?

slxNn] klg v:b}gg\ jf z}tfg h:tf] s]xL x'“b}gg\ . of] kml/Ztfx?sf] g};u{sf] emG8} ljk/Lt xf] . z}tfg cs}{ lsl;dsf] ;[li6 xf] h;nfO{ lhGg elgPsf] 5 .

!@, cxdb af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .

!#, jf:tjdf O:nfdL cf:yfdf cfbd / xJjf b'a}n] Ps} ;fy cfkm\gf] kfk :jLsf/]sf lyP, b'a}n] cNnfxtk{m kZrftfk u/]sf lyP / b'a} cNnfx af6 dfkm ul/Psf lyP .

!$, d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .

!%, -cxdb lag t}ldof_ OAg t}ldofÚ; P:;] cf]g\ ;]le{l6o"8 k[i7 !@! .

!^, c;+lIfKt cg'jflbt efiffdf O:nfdsf] t'ngf ox"lb / O{;fO{dt ;“u ul/Psf] 5 .

!&, Ps}Zj/jfbsf] ;Totf cNnfxsf] s[kfn] dfgjhfltsf] :jefjdf ufl8Psf] ePtf klg Pp6f ;Gb]zjfxs gk7fOGh]n / ;Gb]znfO{ :k:6 / kfl/Gh]n pm

slxNn];hfo lb“b}g .…hf] sf]xL l;wf lx“8\5 pm cfkm\gf] :jo+sf] kmfObfsf] nflu

l;wf lx“8\5 . / hf] sf]xL e6\sG5 pm cfk}m“ gf]S;fg Joxf]g{sf] nflu e6\sG5 . sf]xL csf{sf] efl/ p7fpg ;Sb}g . / xfdL slxNn] klg Pp6f ;Gb]zjfxs

gk7fOGh]n ;hfo lbGgf}“Ú -!&M!%_

!*, a'vf/L / d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .

!(, jf:tjdf h:tf] cl3 j0f{g ul/g]5 o;sf] rdTsf/L :jefjsf gof“ ?kx? nuftf/ kTtf] nufOPsf 5g\ .

~ 69 ~ 

@), x]/ nf]P} kmt"xL PG8 z]7f cN bf/uh]nL, lx:6/L 6]l:6kmfOh 6' lb OGkm\oflnlaln6L cf]km\ lb s'/cfgM PnL{ lx:6/L cf]km\ lb lrN8]{g cfkm\ O;|fO{n-8]NxL, OlG8of_ k[i7 @$&,@$* .

@!, cxdb af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .

@@, hdfn ab\jLsf] d'xDdb Og lb afOandf k[i7 $)df pNn]v ul/Psf] .

@#, ab\jL k[i7 $! .

@$, dlYyj !&M!@df h];;sf] egfO{, …Olnof; klxnf cfO;s] 5g\Ú pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

@%, a'vf/L / d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .

@^, d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .

@&, a'vf/L / d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .

@*, d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .

@(, cxdb / cNbfdL{ af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .

#), O{= 8ANo'= n]g, c/las–O“lUnz n]lS;sg efu ! k[i7 !$!# .

#!, cxdb / cNbfdL{ af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .

#@, a'vf/L af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .

##, cGoyf lg;Gb]x of] s'/cfg jf ;'Ggtdf ;':ki6 aofg ul/Psf] x'GYof] .

#$, a'vf/L / d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .

#%, :ki6tM s;}n] x/]s a]nf k|fy{gf / ljlGt ug{ jf :j]lR5s gdfhx? k9\g ;S5 . t/ o; cfwf/ vDafsf] cfzo of] xf]Og .

~ 70 ~ 

#^, ;'n}dfg gb\jL, jlzk{ Og O:nfd k[i7 !&( .

#&, Wofg /fVg'xf];, O:nfdL kfqf] rGb|dfdf cfwfl/t kfqf] xf] . t;y{ s}of}“ ;fnkl5 /dwfgsf] dlxgf ljleGg ofddf cfpg] u5{ .

#*, /dwfgsf] dlxgfdf lbgdf a|t /fVg ;fy} /dwfgsf] /fltdf d'l:ndx? ljz]if gdfh klg k9\5g\ .

#(, OAg] dfhx af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] / cNcNafgL af6 ;xL 7x/fOPsf] .

$), cNxflsd / cNa}xls af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] / cNcNafgL af6 ;xL 7x/fOPsf].

$!, cNa'vf/L af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .

$@, d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .

$#, df}/fO; a's}ln, lb afOan, lb s'/cfg PG8 ;fOG; k[i7 @%!,@%@ .

$$, x]/, s]Oy n=d"/, lb 8]jnlk“u Xo"dg .

$%, cfO{=P=Oa|fxLd, c a|Lkm On:6|]6]8 ufO8 6" cG8/O:6}lG8“u O:nfd k[i7 !) .

$^, Oa|fxLd k[i7 @& df pNn]v .

$&, Oa|fxLd k[i7 #! df pNn]v .

$*, cxdb af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .

~ 71 ~ 

ljifo ;"rL الفهرسة

kl/ro المقدمة O{Zj/ -cNnfx_ dfly ljZjf; ug'{ # اإليمان باهللاKff7k"hfsf] Pp6} nIo cNnfx x'g'k5{ % جميع العبادات هللا سبحانه وتعالىcNnfxsf gfd / u'0fx?df ljZjf; !! اإليمان في أسماء اهللا وصفاتهa|fXdf08 / dfgjhflt !$ الكون واإلنسانwd{ @# الدينb"t x'g' #) الرسالةO:nfd / cf:yf $^ العقيدة في اإلسالمO:nfddf pkf;gfsf lgoldt sd{x?%#

العبادة الشرعية في اإلسالمأعمال

s'/cfg / ;'Ggtdf j}1flgsrdTsf/x? %(

المعجزات العلمية في القرآن والسنة

d'l:nd s;/L aGg] < ^@ آيفية الدخول في اإلسالم

~ 72 ~ 

:الحمد هللا والصالة والسالم على نبينا محمد صلى اهللا عليه وسلم وبعد

اب دم لكت ي أن أق ب ل الم " فيطي ا هواإلس ه األخ " م ذي ترجم واليخ دعوة واإل / الش ز ال ة بمرآ لمان الداعي وبكر مس ل أب اد بقطرألج رش

.اإلسالمية التي تعرف باإلسالم باللغة النيبالية هكتبملثراء اإ

اً يخ طالب ت الش د عرف م وق افة ، للعل ة إض ة العربي ي اللغ زا ف متمي .ألصلية النيبالية إلى لغته ا

اجح ل الن ذا العم ر ه اد إذ ننش دعوة واإلرش ز ال ي مرآ ن ف ،ونحه و اد ب ذي أش اليين الال ين النيب دعاة والمختص ن ال ر م ن اهللا ؛ كثي و م لنرج

المية وأن ة اإلس ى المكتب د إل اب جدي افة آت ا إلض ون وفقن الى أن نك تع .لمن أراد التعرف على اإلسالم يكون مرجعًا

اً بحانه خالص ه س ا لوجه ل اهللا عملن ن جع ل م يخ وآ ب الش وأن يثي .ساهم في خروج هذا الكتاب النافع إلى النور

.وصلى اهللا على نبينا محمد وآله وصحبه أجمعين

آتبه

الغامديهللافواز عبد ا

الدوحةمدير مرآز الدعوة في قطر

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