NDB/ADF

QUE ES EL NDB

• This is the navigation aids oldest and basic. A general way is installed in a broadcasting station on land, which emits radio waves at low frequency bands and medium, LF and MF respectively. These frequencies are typically between 190 kHz and 1750 kHz.

Se trata de la radio-ayuda a la navegación aérea mas antigua y básica que existe. A modo general, consiste en una estación emisora instalada en tierra, la cual emite unas ondas de radio en las bandas de frecuencia baja y media, LF y MF respectivamente. Estas frecuencias suelen estar entre los 190 kHz y 1750 Khz.

• The NDB provides two principal functions; (1) homing for VFR operations, and (2) ADF instrument approach capability for IFR operations.

• Because the frequency is below and within the commercial AM band, reception is subject to the same atmospheric disturbances as AM radio, in particular, noise generated by lightening.

El NDB probé 2 principales funciones; (1) toma de referencia para los vuelos VFR, y (2) instrumento ADF la capacidad de aproximación para operaciones IFR.

Porque la frecuencia está por debajo y dentro de la banda de AM comercial, la recepción está sujeto a las mismas perturbaciones atmosféricas como de radio AM, en particular, el ruido generado por un rayo.

NDB stations are classified in four groups:

• The compass locator is a low-homing beacon used during approaches close to the beacon itself, and has a range of 15 nautical miles

• The Medium Homing (MH) category has a range of 25 nautical miles

• The Homing (H) category has a range of 50 nautical miles

• The High Homing (HH) category has a range of 75 nautical miles

Las estaciones NDB estan clasificadas en 4 grupos:

El localizador brújula es un faro de baja-referencia utilizado durante aproximaciones a la propia baliza, y tiene un alcance de 15 millas náuticasEl de categoría de media referencia (MH) tiene un alcance de 25 millas náuticasEl de categoría de toma de referencia (H) tiene un alcance de 50 millas náuticasEl de categoría de Alta referencia (HH) categoría tiene un rango de 75 millas náuticas

WHAT IS THE ADF• The automatic direction finder (ADF) system is a navigational aid which provides the crew

with continuous relative bearing readings to low-frequency homing stations, radio beacon and broadcast stations.

• In the ADF mode of operation the receiver processes the selected radio signal from the loop and sense antennas into relative bearing information for use by the indicator and the RMl’s. In ANT mode, the receiver functions as a conventional IF and broadcast band receiver.

ADF CONTROL HEAD• The ADF control head is installed in the center instrument panel. The control head is

secured by quick-release fasteners.

• The control head incorporates all control switches for the ADF system.

ADF RECEIVER• The ADF receiver is installed in the nose compartment on the LH side of the nose wheel

well box. The receiver is mounted in a rack which incorporates a plug in type connector.

ADF LOOP ANTENNA• The ADF loop antenna is located

beneath the aircraft at approximate F. S. 215.64.

A320

The Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) is a radio navigation aid which provides :

• an indication of the relative bearing of the aircraft to a selected ground station : this station operates in a frequency range of 190 to 1750 KHz

• aural identification of the ground station.

The frequency range includes :

• the standard commercial broadcast AM stations (550 to 1610 KHz) located at known co-ordinates around the world

• the Non-Directional Beacons (NDB) (190 to 550 KHz).

SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONThe principle of the ADF navigation is to determine the relative bearing of a selected ground station.

This is obtained by the combination of :

• - the signals from two loop and sense antennas positioned 90 deg. Apart with

• - the signal from an omni-directional sense antenna. This signal is not affected by the relative bearing.

An external 96Hz signal modulates the composite signal which is processed in order to deliver the relative bearing.

An additional Morse signal is provided to identify the selected ground station.

• The ADF comprises two independent systems.

• one receiver 2RP1 (2RP2)

• one loop and sense antenna 3RP1 (3RP2)

• one VOR/ADF/DME Radio Magnetic Indicator (VOR/ADF/DME RMI) 21FN.

the components given after control the system:

• the Radio Management Panel 1(2) (RMP) 1RG1 (1RG2)

• the CAPT (F/O) Audio Control Panel (ACP) 2RN1 (2RN2)

• the Multipurpose Control and Display Unit 1(2) (MCDU) 3CA1 (3CA2)

• the Flight Management and Guidance Computer 1(2) (FMGC) 1CA1 (1CA2)

• the Centralized Fault-Display Interface-Unit (CFDIU) 1TW

• the Audio Management Unit (AMU) 1RN.

The Navigation Displays (ND) show the ADF1 and ADF2 data.

los componentes después de controlar el sistema:• El Panel de administración de Radio 1 (2) (PGR) 1RG1 (1RG2)• CAPT (F / S) Panel de control de audio (ACP) 2RN1 (2RN2)• Unidad de pantalla y control multipropósito 1 (2) (MCDU) 3CA1 (3CA2)• La computadora de orientación y gestión vuelo1 (2) (FMGC) 1CA1 (1CA2)• La unidad-interface centralizada fallos en pantalla(CFDIU) 1TW• la Unidad de Gestión de Audio (UMA) 1RN.Las pantallas de navegación (ND) mostrar los ADF1 y ADF2 datos.

IN ROSE AND ARC MODESIf you set the ADF/VOR/OFF switches on the EFIS control section of the FCU to ADF, this causes : display of the characteristics of the ADF 1 and/or 2 stations in the L and/or R lower corner of the ND (item 3) :

• - type of station

• - shape of the associated bearing display

• - station identification or frequency

• - tuning mode (nothing : automatically tuned, M : manually tuned and R : if tuned by the RMP).

Si se establece el ADF / VOR / apagado en la sección de control EFIS de la FCU a ADF, esto hace: la visualización de las características del ADF 1 y / o 2 estaciones de la L y / o R en la esquina inferior de la ND (artículo 3):- El tipo de estación- El tipo de marcador asociado a la pantalla- Identificación de la estación o de la frecuencia- Ajuste el modo (nada: sintoniza automáticamente, M: sintoniza de forma manual y R: si sintoniza por la PGR).

ON THE VOR/ADF/DME RMI

If you set the VOR/ADF selector switches (item 4) to ADF, the RMI indicates the ADF bearings :

• a single pointer indicates the ADF 1 bearing (item 5)

• a double pointer indicates the ADF 2 bearing (item 6).

Si se establece en los interruptores de selección del VOR / ADF (punto 4) para ADF, el RMI indica el rumbo del ADF: un único puntero indica la dirección ADF 1(tema 5) un puntero doble indica el rumbo ADF 2 (tema 6).

AUDIO CONTROL

• The ADF receiver applies its audio output to the audio integrating system. This system controls and directs the output to the headsets and/or the loud speakers.

• The AMU controls the audio level through the ACP. On the ACP, the pilot must push the ADF1 (ADF2) pushbutton switch and adjust the related potentiometer to the correct audio level.

El receptor ADF aplica su salida de audio al sistema de audio integrado. Este sistema controla y dirige la salida de los auriculares y / o los altavoces.

La AMU controla el nivel de audio a través de la ACP. En el ACP, el piloto debe presionar el ADF1 (ADF2) Botón pulsador y ajuste el potenciómetro relacionados con el nivel de audio correcto.

ADF RECEIVER

The face of the receiver is fitted with a handle, one attaching part, a TEST pushbutton switch and three LEDs.

The name, color and function of the three LEDs are as follows:

• CONTROL INPUT/FAIL (red) indicates that the receiver is not receiving any information at the input ports, during self-test

• LRU STATUS/PASS (green) indicates that no faults are detected during the self-test sequence

• LRU STATUS/FAIL (red) indicates that a fault is detected during the self-test sequence.

• The back of the ADF receiver contains an ARINC 600, shell size connector to provide electrical connections to the aircraft wiring via mount.

La cara del receptor está equipado con un mango, una parte de unión, un pulsador de prueba y tres LEDs.

El nombre, el color y la función de los tres LEDs son como a continuación:ENTRADA DE CONTROL / FAIL (rojo) indica que el receptor no está recibiendo ninguna información en los puertos de entrada, durante la pruebaESTADO DE LRU / PASS (verde) indica que no se detectan fallos durante la secuencia de prueba automáticaESTADO DE LRU / FAIL (rojo) indica que se detecta un fallo durante la secuencia de prueba automática.

La parte posterior del receptor ADF contiene un ARINC 600, la carcasa del conector tamaño para proporcionar conexiones eléctricas a la aeronave a través de cableado de montaje.

• The loop antenna outputs are amplitude modulated by 96 Hz signals which are shifted 90 with respect to the other. The modulated outputs are then combined to produce a ⁰composite signal. The phase relationship between this composite signal and the 96 Hz modulation is proportional to the bearing of the received station but with a phase shift of 180 . The phase shift is eliminated by combining the composite signal with the output ⁰from the sense antenna.

TYPE OF ADF INDICATOR

• Fixed Compass Card : It is fixed to the face of instrument and cannot rotate. 0 degree is always straight up as the nose of aircraft.

Tarjeta de brújula fija: Se fija a la cara del instrumento y no puede girar. A 0 grados está siempre recto hasta que la nariz del avión.

• Rotatable Compass Card : The dial face of the instrument can be rotated by a knob. By rotating the card such that the Magnetic Heading (MH) of the aircraft is adjusted to be under the pointer at the top of the card.

Carta de brújula giratoria: La cara del dial del instrumento se puede girar por un mando. Mediante la rotación de la carta de tal manera que el rumbo magnético (MH) de la aeronave se ajusta para estar bajo el puntero en la parte superior de la tarjeta.

• Single-Needle Radio Magnetic Indicator : Radio Magnetic Indicator is an instrument that combines radio and magnetic information to provide continuous heading , bearing , and radial information.

Aguja única indicadora de radio magnético: El Indicador de Radio magnética es un instrumento que combina la información de radio y magnetismo .

• Dual-Needle Radio Magnetic Indicator : The dual needle RMI is similar to single needle RMI except that it has a second needle. The first needle indicated just like single needle. In the picture , the yellow needle is a single which indicate the Magnetic Bearing to the NDB station . The second needle is the green needle in the picture.

Aguja doble del indicador de radio magnético: La doble aguja RMI es similar a la sola aguja RMI, excepto que tiene una aguja de segundos. La primera aguja se indica como una sola aguja. En la imagen, la aguja amarillo sola, indican el rumbo magnético a la estación NDB. La segunda aguja es la aguja verde en la imagen.

OPERATION

PREGUNTAS