METHODS OF DEVLOPING LEADERSHIP QUALITIES

• READING ABOUT LIVES & DEEDS OF GREAT PEOPLE• OBSERVING LEADER IN ORGANISATION &

EXECUTION OF PROGRAMS• GETTING INSPIRATION & ENCOURAGEMENT FROM

ONE WHO EXERCISE LEADERSHIP POSITION• ATTENDING LEADERSHIP TRAINING CAMPS• GIVING RESPONSIBILITY TO APPROPRIATE PERSONS

• DISCIPLINE IS THE INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP ATTITUDE WHICH ENSURES PROMPT OBEDIANCE TO ORDERS &INVOCATION OF APPROPRIATE ACTION IN ABSENCE OF ORDERS.

• DUTY IS DEFINED AS THE MORAL OR LEGAL OBLIGATION BINDING FORCE OF WHAT IS RIGHT &GOOD BEHAVOIUR TOWARDS SUPERIORS

DEFINITION: STATE OF MIND WHICH INFLUENCE A

GROUP OF MEN TO GIVE THEIR BEST TO ACHIEVE A COMMON GOAL.

FACTORS AFFECTING MORALE:• STATE OF MIND• SPIRITUAL ASPECT• INTELLECTUAL & MATERIAL ASPECT

• IT IS THE DEFENCE OF THE CITIZEN BY THE CITIZEN.

AIMS:• TO SAVE LIFE • TO MINIMISE DAMAGE TO PROPERTY• TO MAINTAIN CONTINUITY IN PRODUCTION• TO UPHOLD THE MORALE OF THE PEOPLE

TYPES:• PROTECTIVE MEASURES: DISPERSION OF

POPULATION, CAMOUFLAGE.• CONTROL MEASURES: SALVAGE, FEEDING,

SHELTERING.• RESTORATIVE MEASURES: DISPOSAL OF DEAD,

CONTROL OF INFECTION.

HOME GUARD: IT IS AN ORGANISED DISCIPLINED BODY OF

VOLUNTEERS TO PERFORM CIVIL DEFENCE DUTIES AND ASSIST THE POLICE IN TRAFFIC CONTROL AND EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS

TYPES OF FIRE & THEIR EXTINGUISHERS:

• SOLID FIRE -2 GALLON SODA ACID XTING• LIQUID -2 GALLON FOAM XTING• ELECTRIC FIRE -CARBON TETRA CHLORIDE

PARTIES IN FIRE FIGHTING:• FIRE FIGHTING PARTY-TO PUT OFF FIRE • FIRE PIQUET PARTY -PROTECT PLACE FROM

LOOTING• SALVAGE PARTY -SAFES LIFE & PROVIDES

MEDICAL AID• RESERVE PARTY -HELP THE OTHER

PARTIES

• DO THINGS FIRSTLY& QUICKLY WITHOUT FUSS• GIVE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION• STOP THE BLLEDING& COVER THE WOUND

WITH CLEAN DRESSING• TREAT FOR SHOCK BY KEEPING PATIENT

WARM• DONOT ALLOW PEOPLE TO CROWD AROUND• DISPATCH PATIENT TO HOSPITAL AS SOON AS

POSSIBLE

• IDENTIFY SNAKE IF POSSIBLE• APPLY TURNICATE NEAR WOUND TO ARREST

BLOOD CIRCULATION• WASH THE WOUND WITH AVAILABLE ANTISEPTIC

LOTION OR PLAIN WATER • INCISE BITTEN AREA WITH A KNIFE TO FLOW OFF

BLOOD• PROVIDE HOT DRINK FOR PATIENT• APPLY ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION, CONSULT

DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY

IMMEDIATE HELP GIVEN TO INJURED PERSON BEFORE ARRIVAL OF DOCTOR

• MOTTO-LOOK, THINK & ACT

THINGS KEPT IN FIRST AID BOX: ASPIRIN, BURNOL, TINCTURE IODINE, DETTOL, SCISSORS, BANDAGES, COTTON WOOL, PLASTERS.

• CLEAN &WASH THE AREA WITH WATER &SOAP

• APPLY POTASSIUM PERMAGANATE • CAUSTERISE THE WOUND WITH CORBOLIC

AACID OR RED HOT NEEDLE• FIND WHETHER DOG IS AFFECTED BY RABIES

• SUPPORT INJURED PART WITH SPLINT • MAKE THE INJURED PART IMMOBILE• TAKE HIM TO HOSPITAL AS SUCH • REASSURE THE PATIENT• REMOVE THE STING• WASH WOUND WITH POTASSIUM

PERMANGANATE• GIVE ASPRIN & AVIL

• WET CLOTHES SHOULD BE LOOSENED • MOUTH, THORAT, & NOSTRILS SHOULD BE

CLERARED FROM MUCUS• PATIENT SHOULD BE MADE TO LIE DOWN

OVER HIS BELLY, FACE DOWN HEAD TURNED TO ONE SIDE ARMS STRECHED BEYOND HEAD ,TONGUE PULLED OUT

• ARITIFICIAL RESPIRATION SHOULD BE GIVEN WHEN HE STARTS BREATHING

• SWITCH OF BREAK THE CURRENT IF POSSIBLE • REMOVE PATIENT FROM CONTACT OF

CURRENT .STAND ON SOME INSULATION MATERIAL-BOOTS, RUBEER SOLED SHOES

• GIVE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION• TREAT FOR SHOCK & BURNS

• HAEMORRHAGE MEANS BLEEDING• STOP BLEEDING WITH THUMB BY APPLYING

PRESSURE • REPLACE THUMB WITH WET BANDAGE & HOLD

IT TIGHTLY• GIVE HIM DRINKS • DURING TRANSIT KEEP HIS HEAD SLIGHTLY

LOWER THAN THE BODY• WHEN OATIENT IS UNCONSIOUS DON’T GIVE

ANYTHING TO DRINK

• HYGINENE IS SCIENCE WHICH DEALS WITH PRINCIPLE OF PROMOTING HEALTH,PERSONAL & PUBLIC

• SANITATION IS ART OF KEEPING OURSELF & SURROUNDING NEAT & CLEAN

• PERSONAL HYGIENECLEANLINESS OF HAIR , BODY , SKIN ,

CLOTHES , NIALS, TEETH

• COMMUNICABLE DISEASES»EXCREMENTAL DISEASES»DROPLET DISEASES»CONTACT DISEASES»INSECT BORNE, ANIMAL BORNE ,

WATER BORNE DISEASE

• TO TEACH THE CADETS ABOUT THE VALUES & SKILLS IN EXTENDING WELFARE SERVICE AMG WEAKER SECTIONS OF COMMUNITY

PROBLEMS OF WEAKER SECTION• ILL HEALTH• LACK OF SANITATION,DRINKING WATER• ILLITERACY• IGNORANCE OF THEIR RIGHTS & DUTIES

SOCIAL PROBLEMS• ILLITERACY• ENVIORNMENT DEGRADATION• HEALTH, HYGIENE & SANITATION• FMILY WELFARE• DRUG ADDITIONS• DOWRY SYSTEMS• FAMILY PLANNING• ERADICATION OF POLIO, MALARIA,LEPROSY &

AIDS

FOUR REGIONS OF ATMOSPHERE

• TROPOSPHERE -9km NEAR POLES,17km NEAR EQUATOR

• STATOSPHERE -FORM TROPO UPTO 3km• IONOSPHERE -FROM STRATO UPTO 24km• EXOSPHERE -FROM IONO UPTO 1126.5km

FORCES ACTING ON AIR CRAFT

• LIFT - ACTING VERTICALLY UPWARDS (RIGHT ANGLES) THROUGH CP

• DRAG - ACTING HORIZONTALY BACKWARDS• WEIGHT - ACTING VERTICALLY DOWNWARS• THRUST -ACTING VERTICALLY FORWARD

COMPONENTS OF DRAG

• FORM DRAG • INDUCED DRAG • SKIN FRICTION• PARASITE DRAG

FLAP• IT IS A LIFT AUGUMENTING DEVICE FITTED ON

THE TRAILING EDGE OF THE WING

TYPES• VARIABLE FLAP OR SIMPLE FLAP• SPLIT• SLOTTED• ZAP• FLOWER• JET

LAPSE RATE• THE RATE OF DECREASE OF TEMPERATURE

WITH HEIGHTGLIDING • IT IS A METHOD OF FLYING IN WHICH

AIRCRAFT IS LOSING HEIGHT WITHOUT POWER AT A CONSTANT SPEED MAINTAINING LATERAL LEVEL & DIRECTION

YAWING• THE ANGULAR MOVEMENT ABOUT ITS

ANGULAR AXIS

STALLING THE AIRCRAFT IS OUT OF CONTROL WITH

A SUDDEN LOSS OF HEIGHT BY INCREASE IN ANGLE OF ATTACK

STALLING ANGLE• THE ANGLE OF ATTACK AT WHICH LIFT OF

AEROFOIL IS MAX &THERE IS A SUDDEN LOSS IN LIFT & RAPID INCREASE IN DRAG DUE TO AIRFLOW OVER AEROFOIL BECOMING TURBULENT INSTEAD OF STREAMLINED

ANGLE OF ATTACK• ANGLE BETWEEN CHORD LINE & RELATIVE AIR

FLOW• THE L/D RATIO IS MAX AT +4 DEGREE ANGLE

OF ATTAK .AT THIS ANGLE AEROFOIL MUST BE EFFICIENT .THIS IS CALLED OPTIMUM ANGLE OF ATTACK

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE• ANGLE BETWEEN CHORD LINE &

LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF AIRCRAFT

AUTO ROTATION• THE STALLED CONDITION OF FLIGHT IN

WHICH AN AIRCRAFT AUTO-ROLLS & AUTO YAWS

SPINNING OF FLIGHT • THE STALLED CONDITION OF FLIGHT IN

WHICH AIRCRAFT RAPIDLY LOSSES HEIGHT IN SPIRAL PATH WHILE AUTO ROTATING & AUTO-PITCHING

THREE AXIS IN WHICH AIR CRAFT ROTATE• LONGITUDINAL AXIS• LATERAL AXIS• NORMAL AXISANGULAR MOTION IN AIRCRAFT

CONTROL SURFACE MOVEMENTS CALLED MOVEMENT AROUND

ELEVATOR PITICHING VERTICAL AXIS

AILERON ROLLING LONGITUDINAL AXIS

RUDDER YAWING LATERAL AXIS

AIRCRAFT• ANY WEIGHT CARRYING DEVICE DESIGNED

SUPPORTED BY AIR ,EITHER BOUYANT OR DYNAMIC

AEROPLANE• A MECHANICALLY DRIVEN AIRCRAFT WITH

FIXED WINGS SUPPORTED BY DYNAMIC REACTION OF AIR UPON WINGS

AIR FRAME• AN AIRCRAFT WITHOUT ITS ENGINES FUSELAGE • THE BODY OF AIRCRAFT TO WHICH

WINGS, TAIL PLANE, FIN, RUDDER, & OTHER SURFACE ARE ATTACHED

MAIN PLANE • THE HORIZONTAL MAIN WINGS OF

AEROFOIL SECTION ATTACHED TO FUSELAGE

AILERONS• HORIZONTAL CONTROL SURFACE

HINGED TO REAR SPART OF MAIN PLANE NEAR WING TIP.ROLLING MOVEMENT IS ACHIEVED

ELEVATOR • HORIZONTAL CONTROL SURFACE BY

WHICH UPWARDS OR DOWNWARDS INCLINATION OF AN AEROPLANE IN FLIGHT IS CONTROLLED

TAIL PLANE • FIXED HORIZONTAL SURFACE OF

SURFACES FORMING OF TAIL UNIT WHICH AFFECT THE LONGITUDINAL STABILITY OF THE MOTION OF AN AEROPLANE

RUDDER • THE MOVABLE VERTICAL SURFACE

FORMING PART OF THE TAIL UNIT BY WHICH THE AIRPLANE IN FLIGHT IS CONTROLLED

COCKPIT• THE PORTION OF A FUSEL OF NECELLE

DESIGNED TO ACCOMMODATE PILOTSCONTROL COLUMN• THE LEVER BY WHICH THE ELEVATOR &

AILERON CONTROLS ARE OPERATEDFIN• FIXED VERTICAL SURFACES FORMING PART OF

TAIL UNIT BY WHICH YOWING STABILTY OF AEROPLANE IS EFFECTIVE.

AIR BRAKE • A DEVICE PRIMARILY USED TO INCREASE

THE AIR DRAG OF AIRCRAFT CREEP• THE ROTATION OF TYRE OVER THE WHEELBI PLANE • ONE SET OF MAIN PLANE IS FIXED OVER

THE OTHER SET OF MAIN PALNE

PROPELLER• A SCREW DESIGNED TO CONVERT THE

POWER DEVELOPED BY ENGINE INTO FORWARD THRUST

WINGS• MAIN LIFT GIVING COMPONENTS WHICH

CARRIES BOMBS, MISSILES,DROP-TANTS &NECKETS IN FIGHTER AIR CRAFTS

AEROFOIL• A BODY DESIGNED TO PRODUCE MORE LIFT

THAN DRAG • IT IS CHAMBERED ON THE TOP SURFACE&

MORE OR LESS STRAIGHT AT THE BOTTOM SURFACE

SLOTTED AEROFOIL• AN AEROFOIL HAVING ITS TWO SURFACES

CONNECTED BY ONE OR MORE AIR PASSAGE OR SLOTS WHEN PRIMARY OBJECT IS TO IMPROVE AIR FLOW AT HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK

SPAN• THE OVER ALL LENGTH FROM WING TIP TO

WING TIP BULK HEAD• ANY TRANSVERSE PARTITION THE FUSELAGE

WHICH SEPARATES TWO PARTS COMPLETETLY FROM ONE OTHER

LEADING EDGE• THE FORWARD MEMBER OF AEROFOIL

TARILING EDGE • THE AFT EDGE OF AN STREAMLINE OF

AEROFOIL.CHAMBER • A CURVED LINE JOINING LEADING & TRAILING

EDGE OF AEROFOIL, WHICH IS EQUAL DISTANCE FROM UPPER & LOWER SURFACE OF AEROFOIL AT ALL POINTS.

CHORD• IT’S THE LENGTH OF CHORD LINE IN AN

AEROFOIL FROM LEADING EDGE TO TRAILLING EDGE

UNDER CARRIAGE

• PART OF AEROPLANE INTENDED FOR ITS SUPPORT WHILE ON GROUND OR WATER TO ABSORB SHOCK TO LANDING & DURIN TAKE OFF TAXING

• THE MULTIWHEEL ARRANGEMENT ON AIRCRAFT U/C SYSTEM IS KNOWN AS BOGIE ARRANGEMENT

• TYPES OF UNDER CARRIAGE FIXED U/C• THE U/C UNIT IS FIXED TO THE FUSELAGE &

CAN NOT BE RETRACTED FOLDED DURING FLIGHT

RETRACTABLE U/C• THE U/C UNIT IS MADE RETRACTABLE IN

FLIGHT TO REDUCE THE DRAG

PRIMARY CONTROL SURFACE OF AIRCRAFT

• ELEVATOR - FOUND AT TRAILING EDGE OF TAIL PLANE ------PROVIDING PITICHING MOVEMENT

• AILERON - FOUND AT TRAILING EDGE OF MAIN PLANE/ WINGS AT TIP END------PROVIDING ROLLING MOVEMENT

• RUDDER - FOUND AT TRAILING EDGE OF VENTRAL FIN---- PROVIDING YAWING MOVEMENT

CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF AIR FRAME

• SMOOTH SKIN OF REQUIRED AERO DYNAMIC FORM.

• SUFFICIENT STRENGHT TO WITHSTAND LANDING & HANDLING LOADS.

• MOUNTING POINTS FOR ENGINE, FUEL TANKS EQUIPMENTS etc.

• SUFFICIENT STIFFNESS TO RETAIN ITS CORRECT SHAPE

• PROTECTION OF AIRCREW & RADIO GEAR , COOLING FOR ENGINE & ELECTRICAL GEAR

• SUFFICIENT BREAKDOWN POINTS FOR EASY DISMANTLING

• THE DESIGN ITSELF SHOULS BE CHEAP & EASY FOR PRODUCTION & REPAIRS

PURPORSE• TO KNOW THE NATURE & IDENTIFY THE

AIRCRAFT DURING BOTH WAR & PEACE

HOW IT IS RECOGNIZED ?• BY WING POSITION, WING SHAPE, WING TIPS,

FINS, CANOPY, TAIL PLANES & MARKING

DURING WAR TIME• IT HELPS THE MOP(MOBILE OBSERVATION

POSTT) TO FIND WHETHER THE AIRCRAFT IS FRIEND OR FOE

• IT HELPS TO KNOW THE CAPABLITY OF AIRCRAFT BY IDENTIFYING ITS TYPE

DURING PEACE TIME• IT HELPS TO IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT

TYPES OF AIRCRAFT POSSESSED BY ENEMY & ASSES THE STRENGTH OF COUNTRY & PREPARE FOR SELF DEFENCE

CLASSIFICATION OF AIRCRAFTS AS PER ROLES

• FIGHTER - FOR OFFENSIVE & DEFENSIVE PURPOSE

• TRAINER -FOR PURPOSE OF TRAINING • BOMBER -FOR OFFENSIVE & DEFESIVE

PURPOSE• TRANSPORT -TO CARRY MEN MATERIALS• HELICOPTOR -FOR OFFENSIVE , DEFESIVE

TRRAINING & TRANSPORT PURPOSE

FIGHTER AIRCRAFTS IN IAF

• MIG -21,23,27,29• MIG -21FL• MIG - 21 BIG• SUKHOI -30• MIRRAGE 2000• JAGUAR

HELICOPTERS IN IAF

• CHEETAH• CHETAK• MI -17• MI -8• MI -25• MI -26• MI -35

• AIRMANSHIP IS A STUDY OF RULES & REGULATION WHICH MUST BE FOLLOWED BOTH ON GROUND AND IN AIR TO ENSURE SAFETY & PROPER DISCIPLNE IN FLYING

• INCLUDES AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL PROCEDURES & OTHER LAID DOWN ACTIONS TO DEAL WITH ANY TYPE OF A/C EMERGENCIES & OTHER CONTINGENCIES

IMPORTANCE OF AIRMANSHIP

• HELPS TO INCULATE THE SENCE OF DISCIPLINE AMONGST PILOTS & OTHER CREO MEMBERS

• HELPS PILOT TO KNOW THE STANDARD PROCEDURES LAID DOWN FOR AIRFIELD ON WHICH HE IS OPERATING

• HELPS THE PILOT TO KNOW PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED IN EMERGENCY SITUATION

• GOOD AIRMANSHIP ENSURES A PILOT AT HIS BEST, WHEN THE SITUATION AT IT’S WORST

• FINALLY, AIRMANSHIP WHEN STUDIED IN CORRECT SENSE, PROMOTES FLIGHT SAFETY & PREVENTS AIRCRAFT SAFETY

ATC ( AIR TRAFFIC CONTOL)• IT CONTROLS THE MONEMENT OF

AIRCRAFT ON AIR , & IT’S MOVEMENT ON GROUND

FORCED LANDING

• IT IS DEFINED AS A LANDING WHICH WAS NOT CONTEMPLATED BEFORE THE FLIGHT BEGAN

• IT MAY BE CARRIED OUT EITHER ON A AIRFIELD OR OUTSIDE

REASONS FOR FORCED LANDING• FUEL SHORTAGE • TECHNICAL DEFECT IN ENGINE OR AIRFRAME • POSITION NOT KNOW

AERODROME • IT IS THE DEFINED AS THE AREA OF

LAND OR WATER INCLUDING BUILDING & INSTALLATION, NORMALY USED FOR TAKE-OFF &LANDING OF AIRCRAFT

AIRFIELD • IT REFERS TO AN AREA OF LAND USED

FOR TAKE-OFF & LANDING OF AIRCRAFT EXCLUDES BUILDING & INSTALLATION

AIRPORT • THE WORLD AIRCRAFT IS CHIEFLY USED

FOR FLYING ESTABLISHMENT WHICH HANDLE INTERNATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC & THERFORE HAVE A CUSTOM HOUSE, OTHER TRAVEL AMENTIES PORT FACILITIES IN FACT

SIGNAL SQARE • A NUMBER VISUAL GROUND SIGNALS

WHICH GIVE THE PILOT ESSENTIAL INFORMATION ARE DISPLAYED IN FRONT OF CONTROL TOWER IN A SQUARE

APPROACH LIGHTING• THIS IS TO ASSIST THE PILOT TO MAKE AN

APPROACH FOR LANDING IN POOR VISIBLITY AT NIGHT

TAXYING • IT IS THE MOVEMENT OF A/C WITH ITS

OWN POWER TOWING • IT IS THE MOVEMENT OF A/C WITHOUT ITS

OWN POWER, BUT BY EXTERNAL POWER LIKE MANPOWER/TRACTOR

BLAST PENS • TO ENSURE THAT IN THE EVENT OF AN

ENEMY ATTAK THE A/C ARE SAFELY PARKED & ALSO ARE NOT CONCENTRATED AT ONE PLACE THEY ARE PROVIDED AT VARIOUS AIRFIELDS

TAXI TRACK• TAXI TRACK IS CONSTRUCTED OR A

MARKED PATH USED BY A/C MOVING ON GROUND AT AN AIRFIELD

CIRCUIT RULES • THE AIRFILED CIRCUIT IS THE AIR SPACE

EXTENDING TO 3000ft ABOVE AIRFIELD ELEVATION, ON RADIUS OF 18000ft FROM THE CENTRE OF THE AIRFIELD

WHEN THE FLYING IN CIRCUIT, A PILOT IS TO• KEEP A SHARP LOOK OUT FOR OTHER

AIRCRAFT IN THE VICINITY • CONFIRM WITH OR AVOID THE TRAFFIC

PATTERN

• MAINTAIN A CONTINUOUS LISTENING WATCH ON THE AERODROME R/T FREQUENCIES &KEEP A SHARP LOOK OUT FOR ANY VISUAL SIGNALS WHICH MAY BE DISPLAYED

• OBTAIN BY R/T OR VISUAL MEANS, AUTHORIZATION FOR ANY MOVEMENTS

• IT AS AN ART OF GUIDING AN AIRCRAFT

THROUGH THE AIR, SO THAT IT ARRIVES AT DESIRED POSITION AT A PRE CALCULATED TIME

• IT CONSIST OF DEAD RECKONING

THE REQUIREMENTS OF SUCCESSFUL NAVIGATION ARE

• ACCURATE PRE FLIGHT PLANNING• ACCURATE FLYING, • GOOD MAP READING• ATTENTION TO ETAs & CHANGE OF ETA IF

NECESSARY

WHY A PILOT SHOULD BE THOROUGH ABOUT NAVIGATION?

• HE HAS THE PRIMARY DUTY OF FLYING THE AIRCRAFT

• IT WOULD NOT BE POSSIBLE FOR HIM TO CARRYOUT THE DETAILED TASK OF A PROFESSIONAL NAVIGATOR

• USAGE OF PLOTTING TABLES, COMPUTERS, CHART etc.

• HAS TO BE SKILLED IN MAP READING IN ORDER TO NAVIGATE ACCURATELY

METHODS OF REPORING THE POSITION OF A/C BY THE PILOT

• CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM• POLAR COORDINATEPOLAR COORDINATE SYSTEM• IN THIS SYSTEM, THE POSITION REPORING

IS DONE THROUGH BEARING & DISTANCE FROM A PARTICULAR POINT (OR) BY FIRST REFERING TO THE NAME OF PROMINENT PLACE OR LAND MARK

TRUE NORTH • IT IS THE DIRECTION INDICATED BY THE

POSITION OF GEOGRAPHIC NORTH POLE & IT IS REPRESENTED BY MERIDIANS

COURSE • IT IS THE DIRECTION IN WHICH THE FORCE

& AFT OF THE AXIS OF THE A/C IS POINTINGTRACK • THE DIRECTION OF THE PATH OF A/C WITH

REFERENCE TO GROUND

DEVIATION • AN ANGULAR DIFFERENCE B/W THEN

MAGNETIC NORTH & COMPASS NORTHVARIATION• THE ANGULAR DIFFERENCE B/W NORTH &

MAGNETIC NORTH AT A PLACE GREAT CIRCLE • GREAT CIRCLE IS DRAWN ON THE SURFACE

OF THE EARTH WHOSE PLAIN CUTS THE EARTH INTO 2 EQUAL PARTS i.e. EQUATOR

RHUMB LINE • IT IS THE LINE CUTTING ALL THE

MERIDIANS AT THE SAME ANGLEEQUATOR• IT IS A GREAT CIRCLE WHOSE PLANE IS

PERPENDICULAR TO AXIS OF ROTATION OF THE EARTH.

• THE EQUATOR LIES IN A EAST WEST DIRECTION & DIVIDES THE EARTH INTO NOTHERN & SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

SMALL CIRCLE • THE CIRCLE ON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH

WHICH CUTS THE EARTH INTO 2 PARTS WHICH ARE UNEQUAL

EARTH AXIS • IT IS A VERTICAL LINE JOINING THE TWO

POLES OF THE EARTH, LYING PERPENDICULAR TO THE EQUATOR & PASSING THROUGH THE CENTRE OF THE EARTH

INDIAUNION GOVERNMENT

• Ms.Pratibha Devisingh Patil:PRESIDENT• Mohammad Hamid Ansari:V.PRESIDENT•

COUNCIL OF MINISTERS• PRIME MINISTER:Mr.Manmohan Singh• FINANCE :Mr.Pranab Mukherjee• AGRI,FOOD• CIVIL&PUBLIC • DISTRIBUTION :Mr.Sharad Pawar• DEFENCE :Mr.A.K.Antony• HOME AFFAIRS :Mr.P.Chidambaram• RAILWAYS :Ms.Mamta Banerjee• EXTERNAL AFF• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• AIRS :Mr.S.M.Krishna • • HEALTH&FAM• ILY WELFARE :Mr.Ghulam Nabi Azad• POWER :Mr.Sushil Kumar Shinde• LAW&JUSTICE :Mr.M.Veerappa Moily• URBAN DEVE• LOPEMENT :Mr.S.Jaipal Reddy• R&T HIGH • WAYS :Mr.Kamal Nath• OVERSEAS• INDIAN • AFFAIRS :Mr.Vayalar Ravi• PETROLEUM• • • •

• &NATURL• GAS :Mr.Murali Deora • HUMAN • RESOURCE • DEVELOPEM:Mr.Kabil Sibal• IT&BROAD• CASTING :Ms.Ambika Soni• SHIPPING :Mr.G.K.Vasan• TEXTILES :Mr.Dayanidhi Maran• COMMUNI• CATION&IT:Mr.A.Raja• YOUTH• AFFAIRS&• SPORTS :Dr.Farooq Abdullah• CIVIL AVI• ATION :Mr.Praful Patel • •

CHIEF OF ARMED FORCESas on 12-08-2010

• SUPREME COMMANDER:• PRESIDENT Ms.Pratiba Devisingh Patil .

• VICE PRESIDENT: HAMID ANSARI.

• DG OF NCC : LT GENERAL RAJ KUMAR KARWAL.

• DEPUTY DG OF NCC: COMMODOUR SARDAR IMAM.

• CHIEF OF INTEGRATED DEFENCE STAFF:• VICE-ADMIRAL Raman Puri.

• CHIEF OF ARMY STAFF :LF GENERAL V.K SING• CHIEF OF NAVAL STAFF :ADMIRAL NIRMAL KUMAR.• CHIEF OF AIR STAFF :AIR CHIEF MARSHAL

P.V.Naik .• GROUP COMMANDER:GROUP CAPTAIN SANAL

KUMAR.• COMMANDING OFFICER:WING COMMANDER

A.RAVINDARAN.• COMMANDER IN CHIEF STRAGIC FORCES: VICE

ADMIRAL VIJAY KUMAR

RANKS IN NCC

• 1 . FC FLIGHT CADET• 2 . LFC LEADING FLIGHT CADET• 3 . CADET CORPRAL• 4 . CADET SERGANT• 5 . CADET WARRANT OFFICER• 6 . CADET UNDER OFFICER• 7 . SENIOUR UNDER OFFICER