NBC - 1970 - Climatic Data

CLIMATIC INFORMATION for

BUILDING DESIGN IN CANADA

SUPPLEMENT No. 1 TO THE

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

OF CANADA

Issued by the

ASSOCIATE COMMITTEE ON THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

OTTAWA, CANADA .

NRC No. 11153 Price 25 cents

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NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

ASSOCIATE COMMITTEE ON THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

1968-1 970

R. F. Legget (Chairman)

D.C. Beam

J.D. Beaty

R.A. Bird

S.D.C. Chutter

W.G. Connelly

R.F. DeGrace

H.B. Dickens (Vice Chairman)

A.F. Duffus

3.5. Dussault

W.R. Edmonds*

H. Elder

J.L. Jolicoeur

H.A. Lawless

R.S. Ferguson ( Research Advisor)

"Deceased

G.C. Lount

I. Maclennan

D.A. Matheson

H.H.G. Moody

A.T. Muir

L.P. Picard

K.R. Rybka

S.A. Sasso*

R.A.W. Switzer

I. Campbell (ex off icio)

C.D. Carruthers (ex officio)

P. Dobush (ex officio)

C.G.E. Downing

T.R. Durley (ex officio)

L.A. Kay (ex officio)

J.M. Robertson (Secretary)

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I 'icio)

CLIMATIC INFORMATION FOR BUILDING DESIGN IN CANADA

SUPPLEMENT No . 1 NATIONAL BUILDING CODE O F CANADA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January Design Temperatures 4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July Design Temperatures 5

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating Degree-Days 6

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rainfall Intensity 6

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . One-Day Rainfall 7

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Total Precipitation 7

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Snow Loads 7

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wind Effects 8

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permafrost 1 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seismic Zones 1 1

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

. . . . . . . . . . . . . Table of Design Data for Selected Locations 3 8

Chart No . 1 and 2

3 and 4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

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NOTES

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CLIMATIC INFORMATION for

BUILDING DESIGN IN CANADA by

Donald W. Boyd (D.O.T. Meteorologist with DBRINRC)

A joint contribution from the Meteorological Branch, Department of Transport, and the Division of Building Research, National Research Council.

The great diversity of climate in Canada has a considerable effect on the performance of buildings, and consequently the design of buildings should reflect this diversity. The purposes of this handbook are: firstly, by means of maps, to indicate the variability and general distribution of earthquake intensity, permafrost, and those climatic elements that are most frequently considered in building design; secondly, to explain briefly how the design weather values are computed; and, thirdly, to present recommended design data for a number of cities and towns and smaller populated places. It is not practical to list values for all municipalities but recommended design weather data for any location in Canada can be obtained by writing to the Secretary, Associate Committee on the National Building Code, National Research Council, Ottawa.

The choice of climatic elements that are included in this handbook and the form in which they are expressed has been dictated largely by the requirement for specific values in several sections of the National Building Code of Canada. A few additional charts are included. The following notes explain briefly the significance of these particular elements in building design and indicate what observations were used and how they were analysed to yield the required design values. To select design values for other locations in Canada, the observed or computed values of each element for specific observation stations were plotted on maps to the scale of one inch to 100 miles or 1 in 5,000,000. Isolines were drawn on these working charts to show the distributions of the design values. The charts in this handbook have been reduced from the working charts, but these small copies are not intended as a source of design values.

In the Table, design weather data are listed for over 600 locations, which have been chosen for a variety of reasons. Incorporated cities and towns with populations of over 5,000 have been included unless they are close to other larger cities. For sparcely populated areas many smaller towns and villages have been listed. The design weather data for weather stations themselves are the most reliable and hence these stations have often been listed in preference to locations with somewhat larger populations. A number of requests for recommended design weather data for other locations have been received and where most of the elements were estimated these were also added to the list. The tabulated values are those recommended by the Associate Committee on the National Building Code and are not necessarily the same as those used in local bylaws. In some cases the values obtained from the large-scale charts have not been rounded off, for reasons explained later. Some municipalities may wish to round off these values in their bylaws.

Neither the charts nor the list of design values should be expected to give a complete picture of the variations of these climatic elements. If application is made to the Secretary as mentioned above then values will be estimated for any location not included in the Table using the list of observed or computed values for weather stations, the large-scale manuscript charts and any more recent information that is available. In the absence of weather observations at any particular location, a knowledge of the local topography may be important. For example, cold air has a tendency to collect in depressions, precipitation frequently increases with elevation, and winds are generally stronger near large bodies of water. These and other relationships affect the corresponding design values, and will be taken into consideration where possible in answer- ing inquiries.

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All the weather records that were used in preparing the charts were, of necessity, observed at inhabited locations, and hence the charts apply only to populated areas. This is particularly significant in mountainous areas where the lines on the charts apply only to the populated valleys and not to the mountain slopes and high passes, where, in some cases, very different conditions are known to exist.

JANUARY DESIGN TEMPERATURES (CHARTS 1 AND 2)

A building and its heating system should be designed t o maintain the inside temperature at some predetermined level. To do this it is necessary t o know the most severe weather conditions under which the system will be expected t o function satisfactorily. Failure t o maintain the inside temperature at the predetermined level will usually not be serious if the temperature drop is not great and if the duration is not long. The outside conditions used for design should, therefore, not be the most severe in many years, but should be the somewhat less severe conditions that are occasionally but not greatly exceeded.

Winter design temperature is based on an analysis of winter air temperatures only. Wind and solar radiation also affect the inside temperature of most buildings but there is no convenient way of combinating their effects with that of outside air temperature. Some quite complex methods of taking account of several weather elements have been devised and used in recent years but the use of average wind and radiation conditions is usually satisfactory for design purposes.

The choice of a method t o determine the winter design temperature depends to some extent on the form of the available temperature records. In Canada, hourly temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit for ten successive years were available on punched cards for over 100 stations, and from these cards it was possible t o obtain frequency distributions. The winter design temperature is defined, therefore, as the lowest temperature at or below which only a certain small percentage of the hourly outside air temperatures in January occur. The Climatology Division, Meteorological Branch, Department of Transport, prepared tabulations showing the number of hours in January in the ten years from 195 1 to 1960 inclusive in which the temperature fell in each of over 50 twodegree intervals. From this it was possible to select the twodegree interval below which only a small number of temperatures fell. To find the required temperature to the nearest degree an interpolation rule was devised based on the normal distribution. Using this rule it was possible to select the temperature below which 1 per cent or 2% per cent of the January temperatures fell.

Tabulations and January design temperatures for 11 8 stations were obtained. The temperatures were plotted on maps and used t o estimate design temperatures for the other stations in the Table. Since the pattern of January design temperature charts is similar to that of mean annual minimum temperature charts, the latter chart in the Atlas of Canada (1) influenced the pattern of these January design temperature charts in the Far North where hourly temperature observations are scarce.

Most of the design temperatures on the 2% per cent chart in the Prairie Provinces and British Columbia are 5 to 10 degrees higher than they are on the corresponding chart by Thomas in the 195 3 edition of the National Building Code of Canada (2). Each chart is based on temperatures for only a 10-year period: the 1953 chart on the period from 1941 t o 1950 and the current chart on the period from 1951 to 1960. The differences emphasize the statistical inadequacy of a 10-year period, but unfortunately tabulations of hourly temperature distributions for longer periods are not available. The earlier period includes the unusually cold January of 1950 when the average temperature in the four western provinces ranged from 12 to 32 degrees below normal. By omitting this exceptional month it is thought that the present values will more nearly describe a typical winter. A more recent tabulation of hourly temperature distributions for all months for the 10-year period 1957 t o 1966 has been published for 83 weather stations (3). The earlier tabulation for 35 more stations is still the best basis for a consistent set of design temperatures but the more recent tabulation could provide design temperatures for other months besides January.

In most cases the temperatures observed at airports have had t o be used and no adjustments have been made to allow for the city effect. The January winter design temperatures are not reliable to within one degree, but the differences between the 1 and 2% per cent values

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(which average about four degrees) are more reliable. The design temperatures, therefore, are listed to the nearest degree as an indication of these differences.

The 2% per cent January design temperature is the value ordinarily used in the design of heating systems. In special cases when the control of inside temperature is more critical, the 1 per cent value may be used.

JULY DESIGN TEMPERATURES (CHARTS 3 AND 4)

A building and its cooling and dehumidifying system should be designed to maintain the inside temperature and humidity at certain predetermined levels. To do this it is necessary to know the most severe weather conditions under which the system will be expected to function satisfactorily. Failure to maintain the inside temperature and humidity at the predetermined levels will usually not be serious if the increases in temperature and humidity are not great and if the duration is not long. The outside coilditions used for design should, therefore, not be the most severe in many years, but should be the somewhat less severe conditions that are occasionally but not greatly exceeded.

The summer design temperatures in this supplement are based on an analysis of July air temperatures and humidities only. Wind and solar radiation also affect the inside temperature of most buildings and may in some cases be of more importance than the outside air temperature. It seems, however, that no method of allowing for variations in radiation has yet become generally accepted. When requirements have been standardized it may be possible to provide more complete weather information for summer conditions but in the meantime only dry-bulb and wet-bulb design temperatures can be provided.

The frequency distributions of combinations of dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures for each month from June to September have been tabulated for 33 Canadian weather stations by Boughner (4). If the summer dry-bulb and wet-bulb design temperatures are defined as the temperatures that are exceeded 2% per cent of the hours in July, then design values can be obtained directly for these 33 stations.

As mentioned above, the pattern of January design temperature is similar to that for the mean annual minimum. In the same way, the pattern of July design temperature is much like that of the mean annual maximum. Crow (5) used these similarities as a basis for computing design temperatures for places in the U.S.A. for which only daily maximum and minimum temperatures were observed. The July dry-bulb design temperatures for the 33 Canadian stations were subtracted from the mean annual maximum temperatures (for the same period of years) and the differences plotted on a map. The differences are all between 3 and 11 degrees. With this small range, the 33 stations seem to be enough to establish differences (within an accuracy of about one degree) for any location. Mean annual maxima based on the period 1921 to 1950 were available for about 170 locations. For these, the differences were read or estimated from the map and July dry-bulb design temperatures obtained. These 170 stations were used to prepare Chart 3 from which values were estimated for about 450 additional locations. A more recent tabulation of hourly temperature distributions for all months for the 10-year period 1957 to 1966 has been published for 83 weather stations (3). The 170 stations used for Chart 3 are probably still the best basis for a consistent set of design temperatures but the more recent tabulations could provide design temperatures for other months besides July.

The July wet-bulb design temperatures for the 33 stations were plotted directly on a map. The range from 62 t o 75 (excluding Yukon and NWT) is a little more than for the dry-bulb differences, but is still small enough to yield reasonably accurate wet-bulb design temperatures. The northern part of the chart was not drawn in because data are very sparse and because cooling and dehumidifying are seldom needed in that area. July 2% per cent wet-bulb design tempsra- tures values were read from the map for all locations with dry-bulb design values of 75 F or higher.

In many cases the temperatures observed at airports have had to be used and no adjustments have been made t o allow for the city effect.

The summer design temperatures are not reliable to within one degree although they have been estimated and tabulated to the nearest degree.

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HEATING DEGREE-DAYS (CHART 5)

It has long bee9 known that the amount of fuel or energy requ%ed to keep the interior of a building at about 70 F whenJhe outside air temperature if below 65 F is roughly proportional to the difference between 65 F and the outside temperature. Wind speed and solar radiation, and the extent to which a building is exposed to these elements, also affect the heat required, but there is no convenient way of combining these effects. For average wind and radiation conditions, however, the proportionality with the temperature difference still holds and hence the heating degreedays are based on temperature alone.

Since the fuel required is also proportional to the duration of cold weather, a convenient meJhod of combining these elements of temperature and time is to add the differences between 65 F ando the mean temperatures for every day in the year when the mean temperature is below 65 F.dt is assumed that no heat is required when the mean outside air temperature for the day is 65 F or higher.

Daily degreedays have been computed for many years at Victoria, Winnipeg, Toronto and Halifax. The values given in the Table for these four cities are the average annual totals for the 30-year period from 1931 to 1960.

Daily degreedays are not available for the full 30-year period for other stations. An approximate but reasonably accurate method of obtaining degreedays from monthly mean temperatures was devised by Thom (6). This method was used by Thomas and Boyd (7) in 1956 to compute normal monthly and annual degreeday totals based on the period 1921 to 1950, which were used as a basis for the map in the 1961 Supplement. In 1964 an electronic computer at the National Research Council Computation Centre was used to compute monthly and annual degree-days for over 600 stations based on the period 1931 to 1960 (8). The annual totals were plotted on a map (Chart 5) and used to estimate values for locations without weather stations. Computed values are shown in the Table to the nearest unit as computed but should not be relied on to within less than 100 to 150 degreedays. Values read from the manuscript chart are to the nearest 100 degreedays.

RAINFALL INTENSITY (CHART 6)

Roof drainage systems are designed to carry off the rainwater from the most intense rainfall that is likely to occur. A certain amount of time is required for the rainwater to flow across or down the roof before it enters the gutter or drainage system. This results in the smoothing out of the most rapid changes in rainfall intensity. The drainage system, therefore, need cope only with the flow of rainwater produced by the average rainfall intensity over a period of a few minutes which can be called the concentration time.

In Canada, it has been customary to use the 15-minute rainfall that will probably be exceeded on the average once in ten years. The concentration time for small roofs is much less than 15 minutes and hence the design intensity will be exceeded more frequently than once in ten years. The safety factors included in the tables in Part 7 of the National Building Code, will probably reduce the frequency to a reasonable value and, in addition, the occasional failure of a roof drainage system will not be particularly serious in most cases.

Chart 6 is a revision of the corresponding charts by Thomas (2) and by Bruce (9).which show the 15-minute rainfall, in inches, that will probably be exceeded on the average once in ten years. As Bruce explained, there were available to him only nine locations in Canada with recording rain gauge observations covering a reasonable length of time. From these he computed the 15-minute, ten-year, rainfall. Bruce also computed the maximum 6-hour rainfall expected once in ten years for 85 locations and used the ratios of 15-minute to 6-hour rainfalls at six stations where both were available to estimate the 15-minute value for the other locations. Rain- fall intensities for some locations in northern Canada estimated by the United States Weather Bureau and the latest rainfall intensity figures for cities in the United States near the Canadian border were also used. Since the publication of his paper Bruce has analysed the rainfall records from several additional stations and these have been used in redrawing the chart. - - . . - - -

It would be very difficult to estimate the pattern of rainfall intensity in British Columbia where precipitation is extremely variable. Along the coast an attempt has been made, based on reports from Victoria and Vancouver and a few stations in the State of Washington. In the

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interior of British Columbia, the value of 0.6 inch based on a seven-year record from Penticton is the only available indication of the intensity for all the valleys in the southeastern part of the Province. In the Fraser Valley and further north, the value may be slightly smaller.

ONE-DAY RAINFALL (CHART 7)

If, for any reason, a roofdrainage system becomes ineffective, the accumulation of rainwater may be great enough in some cases to cause a significant increase in the load on the roof. Although the period during which rainwater may accumulate is unknown, it is common practice to use the maximum one-day rainfall for estimating the additional load.

For most weather stations in Canada the total rainfall for each day is published. The maximum "oneday" rainfall (as it is usually called) for several hundred stations has been determined and published by the Climatology Division (10). Since these values are all for predetermined 24-hour periods, beginning and ending at the same time each morning, it is probable that most of them have been exceeded in periods of 24 hours including parts of two consecutive days. The maximum "24-hour" rainfall (i.e. any 24-hour period) according to Hershfield and Wilson is, on the average, about 113 per cent of the maximum "oneday" rainfall (1 1).

Most of the rainfall amounts that were used in preparing Chart 7 were based on reports covering between 20 and 30 years. These maximum values differ greatly within relatively small areas where little difference would be expected. The variable length of records may account for part of this variability which might be reduced by an analysis of annual maxima instead of merely selecting the maximum in the period of record. Whatever the reason, the variability has necessitated a considerable amount of smoothing in drawing the chart and hence the isolines do not in all cases agree with the observed maximum oneday rainfalls. The tabulated values are intended to be representative of the immediate area, and therefore include some local variations which cannot be shown on the small-scale chart.

ANNUAL TOTAL PRECIPITATION (CHART 8)

The total amount of precipitation that normally falls in one year is frequently used as a general indication of the wetness of a climate. As such it is thought to have a place in this handbook. Total precipitation is the sum in inches of the measured depth of rainwater and one tenth of the measured depth of snow (since the average density of fresh snow is about one tenth that of water).

The average annual total precipitations for the 30-year period from 1921 to 1950 were used in preparing Chart 8. The values were selected from a list of precipitation normals prepared by the Climatology Division (12). All stations with records for the full 30 years were plotted on the map or compared with nearby stations that had already been plotted to ensure consistency. Many adjusted values were used in areas where unadjusted 30-year values were not available. The corresponding chart in the Atlas of Canada (1) was used for reference.

SNOW LOADS (CHART 9)

The roof of a building should be able to support,the greatest weight of snow that is likely to accumulate on it. Some observations of snow loads on roofs have been made in recent years, but they are not sufficiently numerous to form the basis for a snow load chart. Similarly, observations of the weight or water equivalent of the snow on the ground are not sufficient for such a chart. Although the roof load and water equivalent observations are necessary (as mentioned below) the chart must be based on the more numerous observations of the depth of snow on the ground.

The estimation of the design snow load on a roof from snow depth observations involves the following steps:

1. The depth of snow on the ground which will be equalled or exceeded once in 30 years, on the average, is computed.

2. A density is assumed and used to convert snow depths to loads. 3. An adjustment is added to allow for the increase in the load caused by rainwater

absorbed by the snow.

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4. Because the accumulation of snow on roofs is often different from that on the ground, certain adjustments should be made to the ground snow load to provide a design snow load on a roof.

These steps are explained in more detail in the following paragraphs.

The annual maximum depths of snow on the ground for periods ranging from 10 to 18 years were available for over 200 stations. These data were assembled and analysed using Gumbel's extreme value method as explained by Boyd (13). The resulting chart showed the distribution in Canada of the snow depth which will probably be equalled or exceeded on the average once in 30 years, or which has a probability of 1 in 30 of being exceeded in any one year.

The specific gravity of old snow generally ranges from 0.2 to 0.4 times that of water. It is usually assumed in Canada that 0.1 is the average specific gravity of new snow. The 30-year maximum snow depth will almost certainly occur immediately after an unusually heavy snow- fall and hence a large proportion of the snow cover will have a low density. It therefore seemed reasonable to assume a mean specific gravity under these unusual circumstances of about 0.2 for the whole snow cover. In practice it is convenient to assume that one inch of snow cover corresponds to a load of exactly one pound per square foot. This corresponds to a specific gravity of 0.192, the value which was used in preparing the Chart.

Because the heaviest loads in Canada frequently occur when early spring rain adds to an already heavy snow load, it was considered advisable to increase the snow load by the load of rainwater that it might retain. It is convenient to use the maximum oneday rainfall in the period of the year when snow depths are greatest. Boyd has explained how a 2- or 3-month period was selected (1 3).

The results from several winters of a survey of snow loads on roofs indicated that average roof loads were generally much less than loads on the ground. The conditions under which the design snow load on the roof may be taken as 80 or 60 per cent of the ground snow load are given in Section 4.1 of the National Building Code 1965. The Code also permits further decreases in design snow loads for steeply sloping roofs, bur requires substantial increases for roofs where snow accumulation may be more rapid. Recommended adjustments are given in Supplement No. 4 to the National Building Code, Canada, 1970.

Chart 7 shows the general distribution of snow loads on the ground, that is, the load due to snow which will be exceeded on the average once in 30 years, plus the load due to the maximum oneday rainfall in the late winter or early spring. Values of the snow loads on the ground were read from the large-scale original of Chart 7 and are listed in the Table. The snow loads are tabulated in whole pounds per square foot but are not reliable to this accuracy.

Charts on such a small scale as those in this Supplement cannot show local differences in the weather elements, even where these are known to exist. All the weather obse.wations used in preparing Chart 7 were, of necessity, taken at inhabited locations, and hence the charts apply only to permanently populated areas. This is particularly significant in mountainous areas where the lines on the chart apply only to the populated valleys and not to the mountain slopes, where, in some cases, much greater snow depths are known to accumulate and must be taken into account in the design of roofs.

WIND EFFECTS (CHART 10)

All structures should be built to withstand the pressures and suctions caused by the strongest gust of wind that is likely to blow at the site in many years. For many buildings this is the only wind effect that needs to be considered, but tall or slender structures should also be designed to limit their vibrations to acceptable levels. Wind induced vibrations may require several minutes to build up to their maximum amplitude and hence wind speeds averaged over several minutes or longer should be used for design. The hourly average wind speed is the value available in Canada.

The provision of "velocity pressures" for both average wind speeds and gust speeds for estimating pressures, suctions and vibrations involves the following steps:

1. The annual maximum hourly wind speeds were analysed to obtain the hourly wind speeds that will have one chance in 10, 30 and 100 of being exceeded in any one year.

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2. An average air density was assumed in order to compute the "velocity pressures" for the hourly wind speeds.

3. A value of two was assumed for the "gust effect factor" to compute the "velocity pressures" for the gust speeds.

The actual wind pressure on a structure increases with height and varies with the shape of the structure. The factors needed to allow for these effects are tabulated in Section 4.1 of the National Building Code of Canada 1970 and in Supplement No. 4. The other three steps are discussed in more detail in the following paragraphs.

Until recently the only wind speed record kept at a large number of wind-measuring stations in Canada was the number of miles of wind that pass an anemometer head in each hour, or the hourly average wind speed. Many stations are now recording only spot readings of the wind speed each hour and these may have to be used for design at some future time. For the present, however, the older hourly mileages are the best data on which to base a statistical analysis. The annual maximum hourly mileages for over 100 stations for periods from 10 to 22 years were analysed using Gumbel's extreme value method to estimate the hourly mileages that would have one chance. in 10,30 and 100 of being exceeded in any one year. The "1 in 30" hourly mileages were used to prepare Chart 10.

Values of the "1 in 30" hourly mileages for the additional 500 locations in the Table could have been estimated from the large-scale original of Chart 10. However, to ensure consistency with the wind gust speeds published in earlier editions of this supplement it was necessary to compute hourly mileages from the published gusts using the equation:

where V is the hourly mileage and G is the gust speed in miles per hour. This equation was based on a comparison of over 1500 hourly mileages of 30 miles or over (as recorded by cup anemometers) with the corresponding maximum gust speeds (as recorded by Dines pressure tube anemometers).

Values of the hourly mileages for annual probabilities of 1/10 and 1/100 were readily computed for the 100 stations in the original Gumbel analysis. For the other 500 locations it was necessary to estimate the value of the parameter l/a which is a measure of the dispersion of the individual annual maximum hourly mileages. To do this the 100 known values were plotted on a large scale map from which estimates were made for the other locations. Knowing the "1 in 30" hourly mileages and the values of l / a , the "1 in i O " and "1 and 100" values could be computed.

Pressures, suctions and vibrations caused by the wind depend not only on the speed of the wind but also on the air density and hence on the air temperature and atmospheric pressure. The pressure, in turn, depends on elevation above sea level and varies with changes in the weather systems. If V is the design wind speed in miles per hour, then the velocity pressure, P, in pounds per square foot is given by the equation:

where C depends on air temperature and atmospheric pressure as explained in detail by Boyd (14). The value 0.0027 is within 10 per cent of the monthly average value of C for most of Canada in the windy part of the year. This value (0.0027) has been used to compute all the velocity pressures corresponding to the hourly mileages with annual probabilities of being exceeded of 1 / lo, 1/30 and 111 00. The pressures are shown in the Table in columns headed only by the numerical values of these probabilities.

In the 1970 edition of the National Building Code the design gust pressures for structural elements are twice the hourly mileage pressures. Because wind speeds are squared to get pressures, the above statement is equivalent to saying that the gust factor is the square root of two. The table below shows that the 1970 requirements increase the wind loads by less than 8 per cent over those of 1965 computed from gusts given by the equation:

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For buildings over 40 feet high, the gust velocity pressures and suctions must be increased according to a table in Section 4.1 of the National Building Code 1970 which is based on the assumption that the gust speed increases in proportion to the one-tenth power of the height. The average wind speeds used in computing the vibrations of a building are more dependent on the roughness of the underlying surface. A method of estimating their dependence on roughness and height is given in Supplement No. 4.

The calculations for building vibrations in Supplement No. 4 have been drawn up for wind speeds measured in feet per second. The table below may be used for converting the wind pressures in the main Table to wind speeds in feet per second. It is based on the equation:

P vsf

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PERMAFROST (CHART 1 1)

:ased 1 the :ight. t on mess

for ; the :ion:

The lines on Chart 11 indicate the approximate southern limit of permafrost and the boundary between the discontinuous and continuous permafrost zones in Canada. The distribution of permafrost varies from continuous in the north t o discontinuous in the south. In the continuous zone permafrost occurs everywhere under the ground surface and is generally hundreds of feet thick. Southward, the c~nt inuuus zone gives way gradually to the discontinuous zone where permafrost exists in combination with some areas of unfrozen material. The discontinuous zone is zne of broad transition between continuous permafrost and ground having no permafrost. In this zone, permafrost may vary from a widespread distribution with isolated patches of unfrozen ground to predominantly thawed material containing islands of ground that remain frozen. In the southern area of this discontinuous zone, permafrost occurs as scattered patches and is only a few feet thick.

It is emphasized that the lines on this map must be considered as the approximate location of broad transition bands many miles wide. Permafrost also exists a t high altitudes in the mountains of Western Canada a great distance south of the southern limit shown on the map. Information on the occurrence and distribution of permafrost in Canada has been compiled by the Division of Building Research, National Research Council (1 5, 16).

SEISMIC ZONES (CHART 12)

The parameter used as the basis for establishing the seismic zones is A100 defined as the ground acceleration with an annual probability of being equalled or exceeded of 1 in 100 (17). This map is based on the statistical computer analysis of past earthquakes throughout the country for this century. It is corroborated by the results from a larger but less reliable seismic sample dating back to 1638 (18). The map reflects the opinion of experts in the fields of seismology, geology, and engineering from industry, government and universities comprising members'of the Canadian National Committee on Earthquake Engineering and various relevant committees responsible to the Associate Committee on the National Building Code.

The zones and their respective R-factors are shown in the table on Chart 12. The zone boundaries in terms of A100 are shown in Table 2 of the Commentary on Loads Due to Earthquakes (17).

In the Arctic Region and other parts of the Northwest Territories, there are insufficient data for a statistical study. The zone boundaries have been drawn by the Seismologists of the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources from their knowledge of earthquake activity in these areas.

REFERENCES

(1) "ATLAS OF CANADA-, Dept. of Mines and Technical Surveys, Geographical Branch, Ottawa 1957.

(2) THOMAS, "Climatological Atlas of Canada". National Research Council, Division of Building Research, and Dept. of Transport, Meteorological Branch. Ottawa $953. NRC No. 3151. Also in "National Building Code of Canada 1953, Part 2: Climate", National Research Council, Assoc. Committee on the National Building Code. Ottawa 1953. NRC No. 3 188.

(3) "HOURLY DATA SUMMARIES-. Dept. of Transport, Meteorological Branch, various dates from May 1967 t o December 1968.

(4) BOUGHNER, C.C. "Percentage Frequency of Dry- and Wet-bulb Temperatures from June to September at Selected Canadian Cities." Dept. of Transport, Canadian Meteorological Memoirs, No. 5, Toronto, 1960.

(5) CROW, L.W. "Study of Weather Design Conditions for American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Airconditioning Engineers, Inc." Research Project No. 23, January 31, 1963.

(6) %OM, H.C.S. "The Rational Relationship between Heating Degree-Days and Tempera- ture". Monthly Weather Review. Vol. 82, No. 1 , p. 1 4 , Jan. 1954.

(7) THOMAS, M K and D.W. BOYD. "Standard Period Heating Degree-Day Normals". Dept. of Transport, Meteorological Branch, CIR-2849, CLI-16, Dec. 1956.

Copyright NRC-CNRC

"Heating Degree-Day Normals below 6 5 ' ~ - Based on the Period 1931-1960." Dept. of Transport, Meteorological Branch, Climatic Data Sheets No. 5-64, October 30, 1964. BRUCE, JQ. "Rainfall Intensity - Duration - Frequency Maps for Canada". Dept. of Transport, Meteorological Branch, CIR-3243, TEC-308, Aug. 1959. "Maximum Precipitation Reported on any One Observation Day 193 1-1 958". Dept. of Transport, Meteorological Branch, Climatic Data Sheets No. 9-59, Oct. 1959. ~ R S H F I E L D , DM. and W.T. WILSON. "Generalizing of Rainfall - Intensity - Fre- quency Data". International Association of Scientific Hydrology, General Assembly, Toronto, 1957, Vol. 1, p. 499-506. "Temperature and Precipitation Normals for Canadian Weather Stations Based on the Period 1921-1950". Dept. of Transport, Meteorological Branch, CIR-3208, CLI-19, June 1959. BOYD, D.W. "Maximum Snow Depths and Snow Loads on Roofs in Canada". Proceed- ings, 29th Annual Meeting, Western Snow Conference, Spokane, Wash., April 1961. BOYD, D.W. "Variations in Air Density over Canada". National Research Council, Division of Building Research, Technical Note No. 486, June 1967. "Permafrost Map of Canada" (a joint production of the Geological Survey of Canada and DBRINRC). August 1967 - NRC 9769. BROWN, RJE "Permafrost Map of Canada". Reprint from Canadian Geographical Journal, February 1968, pp. 56-63 - NRC 10326. RH. FERAHIAN, "Commentary on Loads due to Earthquakes", Supplement No. 4 to the National Building Code 1970. W.G. MILNE and k G . DAVENPORT, "Distribution of Earthquake Risk in Canada", Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, Vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 729-754, April 1969, also Fourth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Santiago, Chile, January, 1969.

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Fre- bly,

the -19,

eed- 361.

and

CHARTS 1 to 12

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Copyright NRC-CNRC

DESIGN DATA FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS IN CANADA

Copyright NRC-CNRC

........................ Trail 3 -2 91 68 6711 0.6 2.5 24 6 2 4.9 6.7 8.9 0 .................. Ucluelet 27 26 66 - 6000 0.5 5.5 106 40 11.3 13.2 15.4 4 ................ Vancouver 19 15 78 66 5515 0.3 4.5 57 3 4 9.3 11.5 14.1 4

Vernon ................... -5 -10 91 69 7420 0.6 2.0 16 4 1 6.6 8.2 10.1 1 Victoria .................... 23 20 76 62 5579 0.2 3.5 26 2 5 9.9 12.1 14.5 4 Williams Lake .......... -23 -28 87 67 9300 0.4 2.0 18 44 6.2 7.3 8.6 1 Youbou .................... 22 20 87 65 6200 0.4 4.5 65 50 9.6 11.5 13.7 4

LLbert a Athabaska ................ -32 -37 82 67 11493 0.7 3.5 17 4 0 6.4 7.8 9.4 0 Banff ........................ -22 -26 81 64 10551 0.7 2.5 18 56 8.1 9.4 11.0 0 Beaverlodge .............. -35 4 1 82 64 10682 0.6 3.0 17 4 7 5.7 6.9 8.4 0 Brooks .................... -26 -31 90 67 9700 0.6 3.5 13 20 8.2 9.9 12.0 0 Calgary ..................... -25 -29 85 64 9703 0.9 3.5 17 19 8.3 9.7 11.3 0

Campsie .................. -30 -35 82 66 11019 0.8 4.0 18 42 6.6 8.2 10.1 0 Camrose .................. -28 -33 85 67 10500 0.7 3.5 15 2 7 4.5 6.1 8.1 0 Cardston .................. -24 -29 85 65 8863 0.5 4.0 18 30 15.5 19.3 24.0 0 Claresholm .............. -26 -31 85 65 9400 0.6 3.5 17 15 13.7 16.6 20.0 0 Cold Lake ................ -33 -38 83 68 11800 0.6 3.0 17 4 1 6.5 7.8 9.2 0

Coleman .................. -25 -30 83 65 9400 0.5 4.0 20 45 11.2 14.4 18.2 0 Coronation .............. -24 -28 87 67 10624 0.6 2.5 14 3 0 4.9 6.7 8.9 0 Cowley .................... -26 -31 84 65 9446 0.5 3.5 19 37 15.2 19.0 23.5 0 Drumheller .............. -25 -29 86 66 10200 0.7 2.5 14 2 1 6.6 8.2 10.1 0 Edmonton ................ -26 -29 83 67 10268 0.9 4.0 18 2 7 6.6 8.5 10.7 0

Edson ....................... -30 -35 83 64 10837 0.6 3.0 20 4 6 7.6 8.9 10.5 0 .... Embarras Portage 4 3 4 7 82 66 13700 0.4 2.5 15 3 2 6.4 7.8 9.4 0

Fairview .................. -38 4 3 80 65 11307 0.6 2.0 18 44 5.5 6.7 8.1 0 FortSaskatchewan .. -27 -30 83 67 10800 0.8 4.0 18 3 0 6.6 8.2 10.2 0

........ Fortvermilion -42 4 6 84 65 13113 0.3 2.5 13 5 0 4.5 5.5 6.6 0

.......... Grande Prairie -37 4 3 81 64 11129 0.6 3.0 18 4 6 7.7 9.2 10.9 0 ...................... Habay 4 2 4 5 84 65 12900 0.4 2.5 14 5 0 4.2 5.0 6.0 0 .................... Hardisty -27 -31 87 67 10900 0.5 2.5 14 25 5.0 6.7 8.8 0

High River ................ -25 -29 84 64 9752 0.8 5.0 20 38 10.6 12.6 15.0 0 ...................... Jasper -28 -32 84 64 10112 0.4 3.0 14 5 2 7.6 8.9 10.4 0

KegRiver ................ 4 0 4 4 83 65 12500 0.4 2.5 15 5 2 4.1 5.0 6.1 0 Lac la Biche .............. -32 -38 83 67 11256 0.6 3.0 17 40 6.5 7.8 9.2 0

.................. Lacombe -28 -33 86 66 10527 0.7 3.5 18 3 0 4.9 6.5 8.4 0 Lethbridge .............. -24 -31 88 66 8644 0.5 3.5 17 22 13.4 16.0 19.0 0

................ McMurray -39 4 2 84 67 12462 0.6 3.5 16 42 6.5 7.8 9.2 0

.................... Manning -39 4 3 82 65 12100 0.5 2.0 14 5 0 4.5 5.5 6.7 0 Medicine Hat ............ -26 -30 93 69 8852 0.4 3.0 14 27 8.2 10.2 12.5 0 Peace River ............... -37 4 3 80 65 11700 0.6 2.0 13 4 7 4.9 6.1 7.4 0 Penhold .................. -28 -33 85 65 10602 0.7 4.0 16 30 6.5 7.8 9.3 0 Pincher Creek .......... -26 -31 85 65 9198 0.5 3.5 21 37 14.7 18.3 22.6 0

Ranfurly .................. -30 -35 86 67 10964 0.7 3.5 17 3 1 4.9 6.1 7.5 0 Red Deer .................. -28 -33 86 65 10302 0.7 4.5 16 30 6.5 7.8 9.3 0 Rocky Mountain Haute -25 -28 83 64 10167 0.8 4.0 23 4 1 5.5 6.7 8.1 0 SlaveLake ................ -34 4 0 81 66 11385 0.7 3.0 18 42 5.8 7.1 8.6 0 Stettler .................... -27 -32 87 66 10243 0.7 3.0 16 25 5.0 6.7 8.8 0

Suffield .................... -26 -31 92 69 9820 0.5 2.5 13 22 9.0 11.0 13.3 0 Tabe~ ........................ -25 -31 89 67 8703 0.5 3.0 15 22 12.0 14.4 17.2 0 Turner Valley ............ -25 -29 83 64 10445 0.8 4.0 23 35 10.7 12.6 14.9 0 Valleyview ................ -36 4 2 81 65 11200 0.7 2.0 18 44 7.4 8.9 10.8 0 Vegreville .................. -29 -33 85 67 11000 0.7 3.5 17 3 1 5.3 6.7 8.4 0

Vermilion ................ -31 -36 86 68 11253 0.6 3.0 17 28 4.8 5.9 7.2 0 Wagner ...................... -34 4 0 81 66 11316 0.7 2.5 17 43 5.8 7.1 8.6 0 Wainwright .............. -28 -32 86 67 11000 0.6 2.5 15 2 6 5.1 6.7 8.6 0 Wetaskiwin .............. -27 -31 85 66 10383 0.8 3.0 17 28 5.0 6.7 8.7 0 Whitecourt .............. -32 -38 82 65 11229 0.7 2.5 21 48 6.7 8.2 10.1 0 Wirnborne ................ -26 -30 85 65 10300 0.7 3.5 17 2 7 6.4 7.8 9.4 0

Copyright NRC-CNRC

DESIGN DATA FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS

Battrum ................... Biggar ...................... Broadview ................ Dafoe ..................... Dundurn ................. Estevan .................... Hudson Bay ............ Humboldt ................ Island Falls .............. Kamsack .................. Kindersley ................ Lloydminster ........... Maple Creek ............ MeadowLake .......... Melfort .................... Melville .................... MooseJaw ................ Nipawin .................. North Battleford ...... Prince Albert .......... Qu'Appelle .............. Regina .................... Saskatoon ................ Scott ......................

Strasbourg .............. Swift Current .......... Uranium City .......... Weyburn .................. Yorkton ..................

Manitoba Beausejour .............. Boissevain ................ Brandon .................. Churchill .................. Dauphin ................. Flin Flon ................ Girnli ...................... Island Lake .............. Lac du Bonnet ........ Lynn Lake .............. Morden .................... Neepawa ................ Pine Falls ................ Portage la Prairie ..... Rivers .................... St . Boniface ............ St.Vita1 .................. Sandilands .............. Selkirk .................... SplitLake .............. Steinbach ................ SwanRiver .............. The Pas .................... Thompson .............. Transcona ................ Virden Whiteshell Winnipeg

-26 -29 -29 -32

-30 -25 -33 -32 -38

-29 -27 -30 -25 -33

-34 -28 -27 -36 -29

-35 -29 -29 -30 -28

-29 -25 4 7 -27 -28

-26 -24 -26 -38 -26

-36 -28 -32 -28 4 0

-22 -25 -28 -22 -27

-25 -25 -25 -26 -35

-25 -30 -32 -35 -25

-27 -28 -25

-30 -33 -33 -38

-34 -30 -37 -37 41

-33 -32 -35 -29 -38

4 0 -33 -32 41 -33

41 -34 -34 -34 -32

-34 -29 -50 -32 -33

-29 -28 -29 4 0 -29

4 0 -30 -35 -30 4 3

-25 -29 -30 -25 -30

-28 -28 -28 -29 -38

-28 -33 -35 -38 -28

-30 -30 -28

89 88 85 84

87 89 84 83 80

85 90 85 89 83

83 85 89 82 86

84 85 88 86 88

86 89 79 89 85

83 89 87 75 86

81 83 78 82 81

89 86 81 87 85

87 87 85 84 80

87 84 81 80 87

86 82 87

70 69 72 70

70 73 71 70 69

72 69 68 70 69

70 71 71 70 69

70 71 71 69 69

71 70 66 72 72

73 74 73 66 72

69 73 69 73 68

74 73 73 74 73

74 74 74 74 68

74 72 71 69 74

73 73 74

9900 10805 1 1 147 11640

10714 9950 11842 11500 13000

11517 10450 11500 9500 12000

11700 11300 9894 12000 11082

11630 11100 10806 10856 11460

10800 9849 15000 10500 11362

10700 10263 10828 16728 10798

12414 11057 13200 10900 14300

10068 10899 11000 10800 10884

10700 10700 10800 10800 14400

10700 11500 12281 13900 10700

10800 10900 10679

0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6

0.4 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4

0.7 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6

0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6

0.6 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.7

0.6 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.6

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.3

0.9 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.8

0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.4

0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6

0.8 0.6 0.6

2.5 4.0 3.5 3.0

3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5

3.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.5

3.0 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.0

3.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0

3.5 2.5 2.0 3.0 3.5

3.5 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.5

3.0 4.5 2.5 3.0 2.0

4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 4.0

3.5 3.5 3.5 3 6 4.0

3.5 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.5

4.0 3.0 3.5

14 14 17 16

14 17 16 15 19

16 13 15 14 15

16 16 15 16 13

16 17 15 14 14

15 15 13 16 17

20 19 19 14 18

17 19 20 20 16

21 20 19 20 19

20 20 22 20 16

21 17 17 17 20

18 20 20

30 3 6 4 1 33

3 5 43 50 35 36

50 3 5 3 1 3 2 4 2

38 4 7 2 8 4 3 3 9

44 4 1 35 35 35

4 1 24 3 7 35 50

46 40 4 6 66 5 2

45 4 5 62 48 3 8

38 5 3 46 40 47

4 5 45 4 7 45 56

45 5 2 59 50 4 5

46 4 8 45

10.2 9.9 5.8 5.9

8.2 8.8 5.8 6.1 9.4

6.6 9.4 6.2 9.8 7.6

5.4 6.7 7.5 5.6 9.4

5.5 7.1 7.1 7.5 9.1

7.0 9.5 7.8 8.0 6.6

6.4 9.1 7.8 10.0 6.6

8.7 6.3 7.6 5.9 9.8

8.3 7.0 6.0 7.5 7.5

7.3 7.3 6.5 6.8 10.7

6.5 6.2 7.3 10.1 7.3

7.4 5.9 7.3

12.6 12.6 6.7 7.1

9.9 10.7 7.1 7.5 11.8

7.8 12.1 7.8 12.1 9.4

6.7 7.8 8.9 7.1 12.9

7.1 8.2 8.2 9.2 12.1

8.2 11.8 9.4 9.4 7.8

7.8 11.0 9.4 12.3 7.8

11.0 7.8 8.9 7.1 12.1

9.9 8.5 7.3 8.9 8.9

8.7 8.7 7.8 8.2 12.6

7.8 7.3 8.9 12.1 8.7

8.9 7.1 8.7

15.5 15.9 7.7 8.6

11.9 13.0 8.6 9.2 14.6

9.1 15.2 9.7 14.7 11.6

8.3 9.1 10.6 8.9 17.3

9.1 9.5 9.5 11.2 15.6

9.7 14.4 11.4 11.0 9.1

9.4 13.1 11.3 15.1 9.2

13.6 9.5 10.4 8.6 14.8

11.8 10.2 8.9 10.7 10.6

10.3 10.3 9.2 9.9 14.9

9.3 8.7 10.8 14.3 10.3

10.7 8.5 10.3

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Earth- quake

factor


Province and

Location ( 2F 14; 12; ;Y p t F

Ontario Ailsa Craig ................ Ajax ........................ Alexandria ..............

.................... AUiston Alrnonte .................. Ansonville .............. Armstrong .............. Arnprior .................. Atikokan ................ Aurora .................... Bancroft .............. ....

...................... Barrie Barriefield ................ Beaverton .............. Belleville ................ Belmont .................. Bowmanville ............ Bracebridge ............ Bradford .................. Brampton ............... Brantford ................ Brighton .................. Brockville ................ Brooklin .................. Burks Falls ..............

.............. Burlington Caledonia ................ Campbellford ..........

.......... Camp Borden Cannington ..............

........ Carleton Place Cavan ......................

................ Centralia ................ Chapleau

.................. Chatham

.............. Chelrnsford Chesley .................... Clinton .................... Coboconk ................

.................. Cobourg

Cochrane ................ ................ Colborne

Collingwood ............ Cooksville ................ Cornwall ..................

.................. Corunna Deep River ..............

.............. Deseronto Dorchester Sta ....... Dorion ....................

.................. Dresden Dry den .................... Dunbarton .............. D unnville ................ Durham .................. Dutton .................... Earlton .................. Edison .................... Elmvale .................... Embro ....................

Hourly Wind Pressures

quake

factor

Copyright NRC-CNRC


Copyright NRC-CNRC


- Earth- quake

R- factor

1 1 1 1 2

1 2 0 1 1

1 1 0 1 1

1 0 1 2 1

1 1 1 1 2

1 1 2 1 1

0 1 1 1 0

1 2

f 0

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1

1

0 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 0

1 2 1 1 1

43 Copyright NRC-CNRC


South Porcupine ...... Stirting ......................

Stratford.+ ............... Strathroy ................. SturgeonFalls .......... Sudbury .................... Sundridge ................

Tavistock ................ Thamesford .............. Thedford .................. Tillsonburg .............. Timagami ..................

Timmins .................. Toronto ............... _ Trenton .................. TroutCreek ............ Trout Lake ..............

Uxbridge .................. Vanier ...................... Vittoria .................... Walkerton ................ Wallaceburg ..............

Waterloo .................. Watford .................... Wawa ...................... Welland .................... WestLorne .............. Whitby .................... White River .............. Wiarton .................... Windsor .................... Wingha~n .................. Woodstock ................ Wyoming ..................

Quebec Acton Vale .............. Alma ........................ Amos ...................... Ancienne Lorette ...... Arvida ...................... Asbestos .................. Ayhner ...................... Bagotville ................ BaieComeau ............ Beaconsfield .............. Bedford .................... Beloeil ...................... Brossard .................. Buckingham ............ Cacouna ..................

Campbells Bay .......... Camp Valcartier ........ Chicoutimi .............. Coaticook ................ Contrecoeur ............ Cowansville .............. Dolbeau .................. Dorval ...................... Drummondville ........ Farnham ..................

-28 -9

2 4

-16 -15 -15

2 3 5 5

-22

-28 1

-5 -16 -36

-7 -13

6 1 6

1 5

-32 6 5

-2 -39

1 7 2

3 5

-12 -21 -28 -13 -20

-14 -13 -22 -16 -10

-10 -1 1 -11 -14 -1 3

-18 -13 -20 -12 -12

-1 1 -23 -10 -13 -11

-33 -13

-2 1

-20 -20 -19

-2 -1 2 1

-26

-33 -3 -9

-20 4 0

-1 1 -17

3 -3 3

-3 2

-37 3 2

-5 4 4 -3 4

-2

-1 2

-17 -25 -32 -19 -24

-19 -17 -26 -20 -16

-15 -16 -16 -18 -18

-22 -19 -24 -17 -17

-16 -28 -16 -18 -16

87 86

85 90 85 86 84

85 87 89 88 87

87 87 86 84 77

86 87 88 88 90

85 90 81 87 89

87 84 83 90 87

85 90

85 85 84 82 85

84 87 84 76 86

85 85 85 87 80

88 82 83 83 85

84 84 86 85 85

71 74

75 75 70 70 7 1

75 75 74 75 71

71 75 75 71 68

74 74 75 73 75

75 75 70 75 75

75 71 71 75 73

75 74

74 71 71 73 71

73 74 71 67 74

74 74 74 74 71

74 73 71 73 74

73 71 74 74 74

11400 7976

7900 7200 9500 9600 9400

7700 7400 7100 7200

10200

11400 6827 7510 9600

14040

8170 8600 7100 7647 6668

7566 7000

10331 6691 6900

7500 11674 8063 6579 7800

7542 7000

8600 10700 11537 9372

10528

8800 8700

10734 10400 8200

8200 8400 8300 9000 9900

8900 9400

10104 9194 8800

8400 10900 8203 8700 8418

0.9 1.3

1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1

1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1

0.9 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.5

1.2 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1

1.3 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1

1.1 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1

1.3 1.0

0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7

0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.8

0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7

0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8

0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9

3.0 3.0

4.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 4.0

3.5 3.5 3.5 4.0 3.5

3.0 5.0 3.0 3.5 3.5

4.0 3.5 4.5 3.5 3.0

4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0

3.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.5

3.5 3.0

3.5 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.0

3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0

3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0

3.5 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.5

3.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 3.0

28 31

38 37 33 29 36

35 36 34 35 29

28 31 32 34 25

31 35 35 36 31

33 34 36 34 35

32 30 37 33 36

34 32

41 38 33 41 39

42 35 38 35 38

38 39 37 36 35

30 41 35 39 38

39 32 38 43 38

68 5 1

6 1 3 8 5 5 55 94

60 4 6 3 7 38 6 0

68 4 0 5 0 80 7 8

44 6 0 4 0

100 27

6 0 3 5 5 0 5 2 30

43 46 80 22 8 1

5 0 3 3

60 72 6 9 8 1 75

70 6 0 74

102 54

55 5 8 58 62 85

5 8 8 1 7 5 55 7 0

55 75 54 72 5 5

5.7 5.9

7.0 7.4 5.3 6.1 4.8

7.1 6.9 8.5 6.5 5.7

5.3 8.1 7.3 4.9 7.0

6.0 6.2 7.4 7.4 6.7

5.7 7.1 5.0 6.9 7.2

9.0 4.2 6.9 6.1 7.3

6.4 7.3

4.9 4.9 5.0 8.0 5.2

5.4 6.2 5.5

11.4 6.6

6.4 5.9 6.5 6.4 8.6

4.9 8.0 5.2 5.6 5.6

6.4 4.5 6.6 5.0 6.5

7.1 7.5

8.9 9.4 6.7 8.5 6.1

8.9 8.9

10.4 8.2 7.1

6.7 9.9 8.9 6.1 8.2

7.8 7.8 8.9 9.4 8.2

7.1 8.9 5.9 8.2 8.9

11.0 5.0 8.9 7.5 9.4

8.2 8.9

6.1 6.1 6.1 9.9 6.7

6.7 7.8 7.1

14.4 7.8

7.8 7.1 7.8 7.8

11.0

6.1 9.9 6.7 7.1 6.7

7.8 5.5 7.8 6.1 7.8

8.8 9.5

11.3 11.8 8.3

11.4 7.6

11.2 11.4 12.8 10.3 8.8

8.3 12.1 10.8 7.5 9.7

9.9 9.6

10.8 11.9 10.1

8.7 11.1 6.9 9.7

11.0

13.3 6.0

11.4 9.2

12.0

10.4 10.9

7.4 7.5 7.4

12.2 8.5

8.2 9.6 9.0

17.9 9.2

9.4 8.5 9.2 9.4

13.8

7.4 12.2 8.5 8.9 8.0

9.4 6.7 9.2 7.4 9.3

1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 0

1 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 1

1 0 1 1 1

1 1

2 2 1 4 4

2 2 4 4 2

2 2 2 2 4

2 2 4 2 2

2 2 2 2 2

Copyright NRC-CNRC


00 if

7 5 4 8 5

3 8 3 4 . 6

. 2 -4 . 8 . 3 . 8

. 3

. 1

. 8

. 5

. 7

. 9

. 6

. 8

. 9

. 1

. 7

. 1

. 9

. 7

. 0

. 3

. 0

. 4

. 2

. 0

. 4

. 9

. 4

. 5

. 4

. 2

. 5

. 2

Earth- quake

R- factor

2 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 0

1 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 1

1 0 1 1 1

1 1

2 2 1 4 4

2

Gasp6 ...................... ................ Gatineau

Gatineau-Pointe ...... Gentilly .................... Gracefield .............. Granby .................... Great Whale River ....

HarringtonHarbour .. ......... HavreSLPierre

.......... Hemmingford Hull ........................ Iberville ..................

Joliette .................... ................ Jonquiere

Kenogami ................ .............. Knob Lake

Knowlton ................

KovikBay ................ Lachine .................. Lachute .................. Lafleche ..................

.............. La Malbaie

LaSalle .................... La Tuque ................ Lava1 ...................... Lennoxville ............ L6ry ........................

LesSaules ................ Levis ....................... : Loretteville .............. Louiseville .............. Magog ......................

Malartic .................... Maniwaki ................ Masson .................... Matane .................... Megantic .................. MontJoli ................ Mont Laurier .......... Montmagny .............. Montreal .................. Montreal Nord ........ Mount Royal ............ Nitchequon ............ Noranda .................. Outremont .............. Pierrefonds .............. Pincourt .................. Plessisville ................ Pointe Claire ............ Port Alfred ............

.............. Port Cartier

PortHarrison ............ Preville .................... Quebec .................... Richmond ................ Rimouski ................

-9 -13

-13 -1 3 -19 -12 -34

-13 -16

-9 -13 -10

-13 -20 -20 -37 -11

-37 -10 -13 -11 -14

-10 -19 -11 -13 -10

-13 -13 -13 -13 -12

-27 -20 -14 -11 -16

-12 -20 -13 -10 -10

-10 -37 -27 -10 -10

-10 -14 -10 -19 -21

-36 -11 -13 -13 -12

-13 -17

-17 -18 -23 -17 -37

-18 -21 -14 -17 -15

-18 -24 -34 -40 -16

-39 -16 -18 -16 -19

-16 -24 -17 -18 -15

-19 -19 -19 -18 -17

-31 -24 -18 -15 -20

-16 -24 -19 -16 -16

-16 -40 -32 -16 -16

-15 -19 -16 -23 -26

-39 -16 -19 -18 -16

79 87

87 85 86 84 76

64 74 85 87 85

85 85 85 76 84

58 86 85 85 81

86 86 85 84 85

82 82 82 85 84

85 85 87 75 81

74 84 82 86 86

86 75 85 86 86

85 84 86 83 78

63 85 82 84 74

67 74

74 74 73 74 65 -

64 74 74 74

74 71 71 66 73

-

74 74 74 71

74 73 74 73 74

73 73 73 74 73

71 73 74 68 73

69 73 73 74 74

74 67 7 1 74 74

74 74 74 7 1 65 -

74 73 73 69

9800 8700

8700 8900 9300 8400

14843

11194 11200 8400 8700 8500

8954 10500 10515 14880 8500

17400 8200 8900 8300 9800

8200 9818 8400 8893 8300

9200 9000 9400 9200 8680

11200 9422 8900 9900 9688

9924 9793 9000 8203 8200

8200 14398 11400 8200 8200

8300 9400 8200

10500 11000

16549 8300 8937 8700 9900

0.4 0.9

0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.3

0.4 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.9

0.8 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.9

0.2 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8

0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.9

0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

0.8 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.8

0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5

0.2 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7

4.5 3.5

3.5 4.5 3.5 3.0

2.5

3.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.0

4.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.0

2.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 4.5

3.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.0

4.0 4.5 4.0 4.5 3.0

3.0 3.0 4.0 3.5 3.0

3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

3.5 2.0 3.5 3.5 3.0

3.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

2.0 3.0 4.5 3.5 3.5

35 35

35 42 32 39 26

50 38 39 35 38

33 35 35 28 39

13 38 40 37 32

38 34 42 40 38

41 45 41 39 39

34 31 36 35 39

35 33 38 42 42

42 31 32 42 38

38 43 38 37 42

15 37 45 41 35

4

120 6 2

6 2 8 5 6 0 5 6 60

108 125 55 6 2 5 5

8 1 75 7 5 9 0 5 5

70 5 4 65 5 8 8 5

5 4 7 5 60 55 5 5

8 1 84 8 1 82 5 5

65 5 9 62

106 78

103 65 85 5 4 54

54 103 6 5 54 5 4

5 5 80 5 4 7 5

115

43 5 8 8 4 63 92

17.0 6.2

6.2 4.8 5.0 5.5

13.3

15.0 15.7 6.4 6.2 6.5

5.2 5.3 5.3 7.0 5.8

14.1 6.6 6.5 6.5 8.2

6.6 4.2 6.6 4.9 6.5

8.0 8.0 8.0 4.5 5.4

5.0 4.9 6.3

11.1 9.4

11.3 5.0 8.2 6.6 6.6

6.6 6.0 5.4 6.6 6.6

6.5 5.4 6.6 5.2

14.0

13.2 6.5 8.0 4.9

10.0

20.4 7.8

7.8 5.9 6.1 6.7

16.0

19.7 19.3 7.8 7.8 7.8

6.3 6.7 6.7 8.2 7.1

17.6 7.8 7.8 7.8

10.4

7.8 5.0 7.8 6.1 7.8

9.9 9.9 9.9 5.5 6.7

6.1 5.9 7.8

14.4 12.1

14.7 5.9

10.4 7.8 7.8

7.8 7.1 6.7 7.8 7.8

7.8 6.7 7.8 6.7

17.3

16.9 7.8 9.9 6.1

12.6

24.4 9.6

9.6 7.1 7.3 8.1

19.1

25.5 23.7

9.4 9.6 9.3

7.5 8.4 8.4 9.7 8.6

21.9 9.2 9.2 9.2

13.1

9.2 6.0 9.1 7.5 9.2

12.2 12.2 12.2 6.6 8.2

7.4 7.0 9.5

18.4 15.3

18.8 6.9

13.1 9.2 9.2

9.2 8.4 8.2 9.2 9.2

9.2 8.2 9.2 8.5

21.2

21.5 9.2

12.2 7.5

15.7

1 2

2 2 2 2 0

1 2 2 2 2

2 4 4 1 2

2 2 2 2 4

2 2 2 2 2

4 4 4 2 2

1 2 2 2 2

2 2 4 2 2

2 1 1 2 2

2 2 2 4 4

1 2 4 2 4

Copyright NRC-CNRC

DESIGN DATA FOR SELECXED LOCATIONS IN CANADA

Rocklsland .............. RosemZre .................. Rouyn ...................... Ste . Agathe des Monty Ste . Anne de Bellevue St-Canut .................. St . FClicien ............... Ste.Foy .................... St.Hubert ................ St . Hubert de

Teiniscouata ........ St.Hyacinthe ............ St.JCr6rne ................ St.Johns .................. St.Jovite .................. St.Lambert .............. St.Laurent .............. St . Nicolas ................ Schefferville ............ Senneterre ................ SevenIslands .......... Shawinigan .............. Shawville .................. Sherbrooke ..............

Sillery ........................ Sore1 ........................ Sutton ...................... Tadoussac ................ Temiscaming ............ ThetfordMines ......... ThreeRivers ............. Thurso ...................... Vald'Or .................... Valleyfield ................ Varennes .................. Vercheres ................ Verdun ...................... Victoriaville .............. Ville d'Anjou ............ Ville Marie .............. Waterloo .................. Westmount ................ Windsor Mills ..........

New Brunswick Alma ........................ Bathurst .................... Campbellton .............. Chatham ................... Edmundston ............ Fredericton .............. Gagetown ................ GrandFalls .............. Moncton .................. Oromocto ................ Sackville .................... SaintJohn ................ St . Stephen .............. Shippigan .................. Woodstock ................

-11 -1 1 -27

-16 -10 -13 -23 -13

-11

-14 -12 -13 -10

-17 -10 -10 -13 -37

-28 -22 -15 -17 -13

-13 -12 -11 -15 -21

-14 -13 -14 -27

-9

-11 -11 -10 -14 -10

-24 -12 -10 -13

-5 -10 -14 -10 -16

-10 -9

-16 -7 -9

-5 -7 -8 -7

-14

-16 -17 -32

-20 -15 -18 -28 -19

-16

-18 -17 -18 -15

-21 -16 -16 -19 -40

-32 -27 -20 -21 -18

-19 -17 -16 -19 -25

-19 -18 -18 -31 -14

-16 -17 -16 -19 -16

-28 -17 -16 -18

-10 -15 -18 -15 -20

-16 -15 -21 -12 -15

-10 -12 -13 -12 -19

83 85 85

81 85 85 84 82

85

78 85 84 85

82 86 86 82 76

85 78 85 88 84

82 85 84 80 87

83 85 87 85 85

85 85 86 84 86

87 84 86 84

80 86 84 87 81

86 84 82 85 85

83 79 82 84 87

73 74 71

73 74 74 71 73

74

71 74 74 74

73 74 74 73 66

7 1 64 74 74 73

73 74 73 70 71

73 74 74 71 74

74 74 74 74 74

71 73 74 73

69 71 71 71 72

70 70 72 71 70

70 68 69 69 71

9000 8400

11400

9871 8300 9000

11000 9000

8337

10600 8524 9283 8500

9700 8200 8200 8900

14880

11400 11327 9380 8900 8490

9000 8868 8600 9871 9581

9815 9306 8900

11169 8300

8500 8700 8200 9250 8200

10557 8400 8200 8500

8400 9462 9354 9065 9796

8671 8235 9635 8711 8700

8420 8453 8400 9500 8756

0.9 0.8 0.9

0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8

0.8

0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9

0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.3

0.9 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9

0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.1

0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9

0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9

0.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.9

3.0 3.5 3.5

3.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 4.5

3.0

3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0

4.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 2.5

3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.0

4.5 4.0 3.0 3.5 3.5

4.0 4.5 4.0 3.0 3.0

3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

3.5 3.0 3.5 5.0

4.5 3.0 4.5 3.0 3.0

4.5 4.0 3.0 3.5 4.5

4.0 5.0 5.0 2.5 3.5

39 42 32

38 38 42 30 45

37

36 40 42 38

37 42 42 44 28

40 42 36 30 39

45 36 39 32 32

41 40 36 35 38

40 38 42 43 42

28 39 42 40

39 35 40 37 36

41 41 38 39 41

38 48 45 35 37

5 5 60 6 3

79 55 70 7 5 8 4

5 8

85 60 7 0 5 5

7 0 5 4 5 4 84 9 0

70 116 8 1 58 5 5

8 4 8 0 5 5 8 5 60

8 1 8 4 6 2 6 4 54

60 65 54 8 0 5 4

62 5 5 5 4 6 0

6 0 8 0

112 62 6 9

6 0 6 0 6 6 7 5 6 0

6 3 5 3 50 92 6 3

6.3 6.6 5.4

5.6 6.5 5.9 4.6 8.0

6.5

8.6 5.6 6.0 6.5

5.3 6.6 6.6 7.6 7.0

5.0 14.3 4.1 5.4 4.3

8.0 5.0 6.4 8.4 5.0

7.6 4.5 6.4 5.0 6.5

5.9 5.6 6.6 5.4 6.6

6.3 5.4 6.6 4.9

7.9 7.0 7.8 6.1 6.3

6.2 7.5 6.0 9.6 7.4

8.6 8.0 9.4

10.8 5.7

7.8 7.8 6.7

6.7 7.8 7.1 5.5 9.9

7.8

11.0 6.7 7.1 7.8

6.3 7.8 7.8 9.4 8.2

6.1 17.6 5.0 6.7 5.5

9.9 6.1 7.8

10.7 6.1

9.4 5.5 7.8 6.1 7.8

7.1 6.7 7.8 6.7 7.8

7.8 6.7 7.8 6.1

10.4 8.9 9.9 7.8 8.2

7.8 9.9 7.8

12.1 9.4

11.0 9.9

11.5 13.2 7.1

9.5 9.1 8.2

8.0 9.2 8.5 6.5

12.2

9.2

13.8 8.0 8.4 9.3

7.5 9.2 9.2

11.5 9.7

7.3 21.5 6.1 8.2 6.9

12.2 7.3 9.4

13.5 7.3

11.6 6.6 9.4 7.3 9.3

8.5 8.0 9.2 8.2 9.2

9.5 8.2 9.2 7.5

13.6 11.3 12.5 9.8

10.6

9.7 12.9 9.9

15.0 11.9

13.9 12.2 14.0 16.0 8.7

2 2 1

2 2 2 2 4

2

4 2 2 2

2 2 2 4 1

1 4 2 2 2

4 2 2 4 2

2 2 2 1 2

2 2 2 2 2

1 2 2 2

1 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 1 2

1 2 2 1 2

Copyright NRC-CNRC

DESIGN DATA FOR SELEmED LOCATIONS IN CANADA

Earth-

R- factor

Antigonish ................ Bridgewater .............. Canso ........................ Dartmouth .............. Debert ...................... Digby ........................ Greenwood .............. Halifax .................... Kentville ..................

................ Liverpool

................ Lockeport .............. Louisburg

Lunenburg ................ New Glasgow ............

.......... North Sydney ....................... Pictou

...... PortHawkesbury .................. Springhill .................. Stewiacke

.................... Sydney .......... Tatarnagouche

........................ Truro .................. Wolfville ................ Yarmouth

Prince Edward Island Charlottetown ...........

..................... Souris Summerside ............. Tignish .....................

Newfoundland Argentia ................... Bonavista ................. Buchans ...................

......... Cape Harrison Cape Race .................

........... CornerBrook Gander .....................

............... GooseBay GrandBank ............. GrandFalls ...............

........... Labrador City Port aux Basques ..... St . Anthony .............. St.John's ................. StephenviUe ............. Twin Falls ............... Wabana ................... Wabush Lake ...........

Yukon Aishihik .................... Dawson ................... DestructionBay ....... Snag ......................... Teslin ..................... WatsonLake ........... Whitehorse ................

-3 5 2 4

-7 5 1 4 0

7 7 6 6

-5

5 -5 -1 -4 -5

5 -5 -7 -1 9

-3 -1 -3 -3

5 2

-5 -20

6

-5 -1

-25 7

-5

-32 7

-11 6

-1

-32 5

-32

-46 -56 -45 -60 -41

-51 -42

-8 1

-2 0

-12 1

-2 0

-4

3 3 1 2

-10

0 -10

-6 -9

-10

0 -10 -12

-5 5

-6 -5 -8 -8

1 -2

-12 -24

2

-10 -5

-27 3

-10

-36 2

-17 2

-6

-35 1

-36

-49 -59 -48 -63 -45

-54 -45

82 82 79 80

82 77 83 80 83

82 78 80 81 81

82 81 82 82 82

82 83 81 82 73

81 81 81 82

75 76 81 80 69

81 82 81 71 81

75 68 63 77 76

75 77 75

72 79 74 74 76

78 75

70 69 68 68

70 69 70 68 70

68 68 69 68 70

70 70 70 70 70

70 70 70 70 68

70 70 70 69

67 67 68 62 -

68 68 67 - 68

66 - - 68 68

66 68 66

61 61 60 61 61

63 60

8400 7700 8100 7718

8399 7076 7591 7361 7792

7362 7300 8100 7700 8400

8100 8400 8200 8400 8300

8049 8400 8226 7900 7340

8486 8400 8440 8900

8440 9200

10138 12603 9190

8978 9254

11887 8378 9352

14200 8800

10896 8991 8717

14300 8900

14200

14747 15067 14300 15768 12898

13740 12475

0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5

0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4

0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5

0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.6

0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4

0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.3

0.3 0.6 0.4

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

0.3 0.2

4.0 5.0 4.5 5.5

4.0 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.0

5.5 5.0 4.0 5.0 4.0

3.5 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.0

3.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 4.5

4.0 3.5 4.5 4.0

4.0 4.0 3.5 3.0 4.5

3.5 4.0 2.5 4.0

?.O 2.5 4.0 3.0 4.0 3.5

2.5 4.0 2.5

2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5

2.0 1.5

46 52 53 54

42 44 41 54 41

57 57 53 55 45

50 45 50 45 42

51 44 41 41 49

43 43 39 37

57 48 36 29 54

45 40 29 54 37

31 56 32 57 40

29 55 31

10 13 12 14 13

17 11

-

65 45 55 45

5 3 48 5 8 45 5 6

3 7 40 45 45 5 8

50 60 65 5 5 63

4 9 5 8 5 3 5 6 5 5

66 68 6 2 75

47 72 9 1

128 48

90 6 2

103 55 7 2

110 75

111 72 86

110 60

110

26 5 8 5 0 5 0 34

5 4 27

8.6 8.5

10.1 8.4

8.1 8.3 7.6 8.4 7.4

9.1 9.3

10.8 8.9 8.4

9.7 8.4

12.3 8.0 8.1

9.7 8.3 7.7 7.4 8.6

8.6 8.7 9.4

12.7

11.9 10.8 9.6 9.6

16.4

12.0 9.6 6.0

12.3 9.6

. 6.6 11.4 11.9 12.6 12.9

6.6 11.7 6.6

6.0 4.2 6.2 4.2 4.0

4.0 5.8

10.4 11.0 12.1 11.0

10.4 10.4 9.9

11.0 9.9

11.5 11.5 12.6 11.5 10.4

11.5 10.4 14.4 10.4 10.4

11.5 10.4 9.9 9.9

10.7

10.4 10.4 11.5 15.0

14.4 13.2 11.5 11.5 20.1

14.4 11.5 7.1

14.4 11.5

7.8 13.2 16.0 15.3 15.0

7.8 14.4

7.8

7.3 5.0 7.3 5.0 5.4

5.0 7.1

. 12.6 13.9 14.3 14.0

13.3 13.0 12.8 14.0 13.0

14.4 14.2 14.8 14.6 12.8

13.6 12.8 16.8 13.3 13.3

13.6 13.0 12.6 13.0 13.1

12.7 12.5 14.0 17.8

17.4 16.0 13.7 13.7 24.3

17.2 13.7 8.4

16.8 13.7

9.2 15.3 21.0 18.6 17.5

9.2 17.6 9.2

8.9 6.0 8.7 6.0 7.1

6.2 8.7

1 1 1 1

1 2 1 1 1

1 1 2 1 1

2 1 1 1 1

2 1 1 1 2

1 1 1 1

2 2 1 1 2

1 2 1 2 1

1 2 2 2 1

1 2 1

4 2 4 4 4

4 4

Copyright NRC-CNRC


.................... Aklavlk Alert ........................ Arctic Bay ................

.............. Baker Lake CambridgeBay ........

Chesterfield .............. Clyde ........................ Coppermine .............. Coral Harbour .......... Eskimo Point ............

Eureka .................... Fort Good Hope ...... Fort Providence ........ Fort Resolution ........ Fortsimpson ............

Fort Smith .............. Frobisher .................. HayRiver ................ HolmanIsland .......... Inuvik ......................

Isachsen .................. Mould Bay ................ NormanWells .......... Nottingham Island .... Port Radium ............

Rae ........................ Rankin Inlet .......... Resolute .............. Resolution Island ....

............ Yellowknife

-48 -48 -46 -50 -48

-40 -43 -47 -38 -40

-49 -51 -46 -44 -50

-46 -42 -41 -46 48

-5 1 -49 -52 -37 -48

-48 -40 -47 -32 -47

L

-50 -50 -48 -52 -50

-43 -46 -49 -40 -43

-5 1 -53 -49 -47 -53

-49 -45 -45 -48 -50

-53 -5 1 -55 -39 -50

-50 -43 -49 -35 -49

76 54 55 71 60

68 57 67 63 70

55 81 75 79 82

8 3 59 81 64 77

51 49 81 56 7 1

75 68 5 1 45 76

61 - - - -

- - - - -

-

62 63 64 63

65 -

64 -

61

- -

62 -

-

63 - - - 63

18017 23488 20933 19790 21628

19568 19881 19484 19452 18200

24220 17028 14651 14796 14658

14176 17876 14518 19926 18200

24269 23594 16111 17705 16726

15800 19300 22673 16021 15634

0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2

0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

1.5 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0

1.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.5

1.5 2.5 3.0 1.5 2.5

1.5 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0

1.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0

2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.0

1 :i 7.7

11.2 8.3 8.8 6.2

9.2 12.8 6.9

18.5 10.2

9.9 9.9 5.5 6.1 6.3

6.3 11.8 5.5

13.3 8.1

9.5 9.9 8.6 9.6 7.9

7.2 9.6 8.3

17.7 7.2

6 7 6

11 10 11 9

12

3 12 10 11 12

1 3 14 12 5

10

4 3

13 12 9

9 11 5

16 8

19 32 3 2

5 0 54 45 61 56

2 5 60 48 45 5 6

3 7 5 0 5 0 25 4 6

30 22 6 3 85 5 4

48 5 2 27

117 42

11.0 14.4 10.4 10.4 7.1

11.0 16.6 8.7

25.0 12.3

12.6 14.1 6.7 7.5 7.8

7.8 14.4 6.7

16.3 11.5

12.1 12.6 12.1 12.1 9.9

8.9 11.5 10.4 23.1

8.9

15.1 18.3 13.0 12.4

8.2

13.0 21.2 10.9 33.2 14.9

15.9 19.3 8.1 9.2 9.5

9.5 17.5 8.1

19.9 15.8

15.2 15.9 16.4 15.0 12.4

11.0 13.8 13.0 29.5 11.0

4 0 2 0 2

0 4 1 1 0

1 1 0 0 1

0 2 0 2 4

1 2 1 2 1

0 0 2 2 0

Copyright NRC-CNRC

The National Building Code is published b y the National Research Council for voluntary

adoption b y a provincial governments or municipal administration. The Code is essentially

a set o f minimum regulations respecting the safety o f buildings w i t h reference t o public

health, fire protection and structural sufficiency. It is not and is not intended t o b e a

text-book of building design, advice upon which should b e sought f rom professional

sources. The Code relates t o buildings and simple structures but it is not intended for use

wi th specialized civi l engineering structures. I ts essential purpose is the promot ion o f

public safety through the use o f desirable building standards throughout Canada.

The National Building Code and i ts supplements may be obtained

b y wr i t ing to:

The Secretary,

Associate Committee o n the National Building Code,

National Research Council,

Ottawa, Canada

Copyright NRC-CNRC

NBC - 1970 - Climatic Data

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Transcript of NBC - 1970 - Climatic Data