NAVIGATION TRAINING Section 4 Compass. Table of Contents Section 1Types of Navigation Section 2...
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Transcript of NAVIGATION TRAINING Section 4 Compass. Table of Contents Section 1Types of Navigation Section 2...
![Page 1: NAVIGATION TRAINING Section 4 Compass. Table of Contents Section 1Types of Navigation Section 2 Terrestial Coordinates Section 3 Charts Section 4 Compass.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/56649f1b5503460f94c300c1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
NAVIGATION TRAINING Section 4 Compass
![Page 2: NAVIGATION TRAINING Section 4 Compass. Table of Contents Section 1Types of Navigation Section 2 Terrestial Coordinates Section 3 Charts Section 4 Compass.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/56649f1b5503460f94c300c1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Table of Contents
• Section 1 Types of Navigation • Section 2 Terrestial Coordinates • Section 3 Charts • Section 4 Compass • Section 5 Nautical Publications • Section 6 Navigational Aids• Section 7 Buoyage • Section 8 Position Lines and Fixes • Section 9 Tides • Section 10 Currents • Section 11 Weather
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Compass
Types of Compasses
• Magnetic Compass A compass that senses direction by interaction between its own permanent magnets and the earth’s magnetic field. • Gyroscopic Compass A electrical gyroscopic that is designed to seek true north
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• Compass RoseSometimes called a windrose, is a figure on a compass, map, nautical chart or monument used to display the orientation of the cardinal
Compass
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Compass
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Directional Reference Systems
Relative Bearings (˚R) = bearings measured with reference to the ship’s longitudinal axis Magnetic Bearings (˚ M) = bearings measured with respect to magnetic north. True Bearings (˚ T) = bearings measured with respect to true of geographic north. Ship’s Head (or heading)= a special bearing denoting the direction in which the ship is pointing.
Compass
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270ºT
000ºT
090ºT
180º T
True Bearings
Compass
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270ºM
000ºM
090ºM
180º M
Magnetic Bearings
Variation Easterly
Compass
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000ºR
090º R
270ºR
180ºR
Relative Bearings
Compass
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Dead Ahead
Starboard Beam
Port Beam
Right Astern
Relative Bearings
Compass
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Magnetic Compass Error: Variation
• Variation is the angle between a magnetic line of force and a geographic (true) meridian at any location on the earth. • Variation exists because the earth’s magnetic and geographic poles are not in the same location. • Magnetic anomalies in the earth’s crust also contribute to variation.
Compass
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True North Pole
MagneticNorth Pole
Notice that the two poles aren’t together. The
magnetic compass points to the magnetic pole, and
this gives us VARIATION.
Compass
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Magnetic Compass Error: Variation
Compass
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Magnetic Compass Error: Variation
Compass
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Magnetic Compass Error: Variation
Compass
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Magnetic Compass Error: Deviation •This is the angle between the magnetic meridian and the north line on the compass card. •Deviation is caused by the interaction of the ship’s metallic structure, electrical systems, metallic objects (such as a cell phone left close to the compass) with the earth’s magnetic field.
Compass
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Deviation
A ship’s compass also must deal with magnetic forces from the ship itself, e.g. magnets, electrical cabling. The sum total of these forces pulls the compass slightly away from magnetic north, producing DEVIATION.
Compass
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Deviation
Deviation will change in size, dependant upon the course of the vessel. Swinging of the ship and proper correction using soft and/or permanent magnets , deviation can be minimized.
Compass
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Compass Conversions
Compass to True
1. C D M V T (AE) Can Dead Men Vote Twice (at elections)? 2. C A D E T Compass Add East True
Compass
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Compass Conversions
Convert Compass Courses to True Courses - this also applies to bearings, using the deviation for the vessel’s head.
Compass Course 145˚ C
Deviation 2˚W
Magnetic Course 143˚M
Variation 22˚E
True Course 165˚T
Compass
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Compass Conversions
Converting True to Compass
T V M D C (AW) True Virgins Make Dull Companions (At Weddings)
Compass
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Compass Conversions
Convert True Course to Compass Course - this also applies to bearings, using the deviation for the vessel’s head.
True Course 165˚ T
Variation 22˚E
Magnetic Course 143˚M
Deviation 2˚W
Compass Course 145˚C
Compass