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Transcript of Navigation
![Page 1: Navigation](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/5681320d550346895d9861d9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Navigation
![Page 2: Navigation](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/5681320d550346895d9861d9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
SAD JOKE• Dead ahead, through the pitch-black night, the
captain sees a light on a collision course with his ship. He sends a signal: "Change your course ten degrees east." "Change yours ten degrees west," comes the reply.The captain responds, "I'm a United States Navy captain! Change your course, sir!" "I'm a seaman second class," the next message reads. "Change your course, sir."The captain is furious. "I'm a battleship! I'm not changing course!" "I'm a lighthouse. Your call."
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How do we know where we are?
You are here. Huh?
X
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When people first started going out in boats they tended to stay close to shore so they could use landmarks to guide them.
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As people ventured further (the Hawaiians 3000BC could travel over 1000km between islands) they needed to find other landmarks so they turned to the stars.
![Page 6: Navigation](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/5681320d550346895d9861d9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Celestial navigation• The pattern of
stars and planets seen from Earth are constant in space.
The celestial sphere.
• It is useful to be able to precisely specify positions on the celestial sphere.
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• The North Celestial Pole is the point on the celestial sphere directly above the Earth's North Pole.
Similarly, the South Celestial Pole is directly above the Earth's South Pole.
• The star Polaris, in the constellation Ursa Minor, is located very close to the North Celestial Pole.
Polaris is therefore also called the North Star.
![Page 9: Navigation](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/5681320d550346895d9861d9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Tools of the trade…
• Sexton: measures the angle between celestial bodies and the Earth to determine position.
• Compass: Point to magnetic North, so you can follow a course by knowing our position in relation to North.
• Loran C: radio transmissions from set positions on the surface of the Earth, that triangulate to give you a position.
• GPS: is a worldwide radio-navigation system formed from a constellation of 24 satellites and their ground stations.
![Page 10: Navigation](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/5681320d550346895d9861d9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sexton• a device that
measures the angle between two objects. It uses the position of stars to find latitude & longitude.
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Compass
![Page 13: Navigation](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/5681320d550346895d9861d9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Navigation](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/5681320d550346895d9861d9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Loran C
• LORAN-C was originally developed to provide radio-navigation service for U.S. coastal waters and later all of the continental U.S.
• Twenty-four U.S. LORAN-C stations work in partnership with Canadian and Russian stations to provide coverage in Canadian waters and in the Bering Sea.
• LORAN-C provides better than 0.25 nautical mile absolute accuracy.
• Loran-C is a low frequency/long wave electronic position fixing system using radio signals transmissions @ 100 KHz from 3 or more transmitters, linked in a chain. It gives a latitude and longitude readout position to marine, aero and land receivers.
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The Global Positioning System (GPS)
• The GPS is a worldwide radio-navigation system formed from a constellation of 24 satellites and their ground stations.
• GPS uses these "man-made stars" as reference
points to calculate positions accurate to a matter of meters (or better than a centimeter in advanced models)!
• GPS receivers are becoming very economical,
which makes the technology accessible to virtually everyone.
• These days GPS is finding its way into cars, boats,
planes, construction equipment, movie making gear, farm machinery, balloons, and even laptop computers.
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What happens when you are not a good navigator!!!