Navigating the Periodic Table 1. What is the Periodic Table? An organization of Earth's elements...
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Transcript of Navigating the Periodic Table 1. What is the Periodic Table? An organization of Earth's elements...
Navigating the Periodic Table
1
What is the Periodic Table?
• An organization of Earth's elements arranged according to atomic number, the number of protons each element's nucleus contains
• The structure of the periodic table corresponds directly to atomic structure. This makes the table an invaluable tool for determining the property and behavior of elements and predicting how they will interact.
2
3
Introduction to the Periodic Table• In the 1860’s a Russian chemistry teacher named
Dmitri Mendeleev was searching for a way to categorize and make sense of the growing number of elements for his students and invented the Periodic Chart.
• He placed the elements in columns (groups or families) according to their similar chemical and physical properties and in rows (periods) by increasing mass.
• The chart is periodic because the chemical and physical properties of the elements repeat again and again. The same way that a calendar is periodic.
• His brilliance came because of his willingness to leave spaces where he expected elements to be in his chart, but where none had yet been discovered. Sure enough is a few years three more undiscovered elements were isolated to fit in the holes in his chart
4
Groups and Periods• Columns aka Groups aka Families• Rows aka Periods• Why is it called the “Periodic” Chart?
1H
2He
3Li
4Be
5B
6C
7N
8O
9F
10Ne
11Na
12Mg
13Al
14Si
15P
16S
17Cl
18Ar
19K
20Ca
21Sc
22Ti
23V
24Cr
25Mn
26Fe
27Co
28Ni
29Cu
30Zn
31Ga
32Ge
33As
34Se
35Br
36Kr
37Rb
38Sr
39Y
40Zr
41Nb
42Mo
43Tc
44Ru
45Rh
46Pd
47Ag
48Cd
49In
50Sn
51Sb
52Te
53I
54Xe
55Cs
56Ba
71Lu
72Hf
73Ta
73W
75Re
76Os
77Ir
78Pt
79Au
80Hg
81Tl
82Pb
83Bi
84Po
85At
86Rn
87Fr
88Ra
103Lr
104Rf
105Db
106Sg
107Bh
108Hs
109Mt
110Ds
111Uuu
112Uub
113Uut
114Uuq
116Uuh
118Uuo
1H
2He
3Li
4Be
5B
6C
7N
8O
9F
10Ne
11Na
12Mg
13Al
14Si
15P
16S
17Cl
18Ar
19K
20Ca
21Sc
22Ti
23V
24Cr
25Mn
26Fe
27Co
28Ni
29Cu
30Zn
31Ga
32Ge
33As
34Se
35Br
36Kr
37Rb
38Sr
39Y
40Zr
41Nb
42Mo
43Tc
44Ru
45Rh
46Pd
47Ag
48Cd
49In
50Sn
51Sb
52Te
53I
54Xe
55Cs
56Ba
71Lu
72Hf
73Ta
73W
75Re
76Os
77Ir
78Pt
79Au
80Hg
81Tl
82Pb
83Bi
84Po
85At
86Rn
87Fr
88Ra
103Lr
104Rf
105Db
106Sg
107Bh
108Hs
109Mt
110Ds
111Uuu
112Uub
113Uut
114Uuq
116Uuh
118Uuo
Group (Family)• A column or group of
columns in the periodic table; elements in one group have the same number of electrons in the outermost shell
• Elements in each group share similar chemical properties
Period• A row of the periodic
table; each row corresponds to the number of electron shells in an atom of the elements in that row
• The elements in the second period each have two electron shells, and the elements in the sixth period have six electron shells
5
6
Metals vs Nonmetals• Nonmetals• Metals
1H
2He
3Li
4Be
5B
6C
7N
8O
9F
10Ne
11Na
12Mg
13Al
14Si
15P
16S
17Cl
18Ar
19K
20Ca
21Sc
22Ti
23V
24Cr
25Mn
26Fe
27Co
28Ni
29Cu
30Zn
31Ga
32Ge
33As
34Se
35Br
36Kr
37Rb
38Sr
39Y
40Zr
41Nb
42Mo
43Tc
44Ru
45Rh
46Pd
47Ag
48Cd
49In
50Sn
51Sb
52Te
53I
54Xe
55Cs
56Ba
71Lu
72Hf
73Ta
73W
75Re
76Os
77Ir
78Pt
79Au
80Hg
81Tl
82Pb
83Bi
84Po
85At
86Rn
87Fr
88Ra
103Lr
104Rf
105Db
106Sg
107Bh
108Hs
109Mt
110Ds
111Uuu
112Uub
113Uut
114Uuq
116Uuh
118Uuo
1H
2He
3Li
4Be
5B
6C
7N
8O
9F
10Ne
11Na
12Mg
13Al
14Si
15P
16S
17Cl
18Ar
19K
20Ca
21Sc
22Ti
23V
24Cr
25Mn
26Fe
27Co
28Ni
29Cu
30Zn
31Ga
32Ge
33As
34Se
35Br
36Kr
37Rb
38Sr
39Y
40Zr
41Nb
42Mo
43Tc
44Ru
45Rh
46Pd
47Ag
48Cd
49In
50Sn
51Sb
52Te
53I
54Xe
55Cs
56Ba
71Lu
72Hf
73Ta
73W
75Re
76Os
77Ir
78Pt
79Au
80Hg
81Tl
82Pb
83Bi
84Po
85At
86Rn
87Fr
88Ra
103Lr
104Rf
105Db
106Sg
107Bh
108Hs
109Mt
110Ds
111Uuu
112Uub
113Uut
114Uuq
116Uuh
118Uuo
Metals vs Nonmetals
• Metals are elements that are generally shiny when smooth and clean, solid at room temperature, and good conductors of heat and electricity.
• Physical properties include• Efficient conduction of heat
and electricity• Malleability (can be
hammered into thin sheets)• Ductility (can be pulled into
wires)• A lustrous (shiny)
appearance
• Nonmetals are elements that are generally gases or brittle, dull-looking solids, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.
• Generally lack those properties that characterize metals and show much more variation in their properties than metals do
7
8
Some Metal Families• Alkali Metals (very, very reactive)• Alkaline Earth Metals (quite reactive)• Transition Metals
1H
2He
3Li
4Be
5B
6C
7N
8O
9F
10Ne
11Na
12Mg
13Al
14Si
15P
16S
17Cl
18Ar
19K
20Ca
21Sc
22Ti
23V
24Cr
25Mn
26Fe
27Co
28Ni
29Cu
30Zn
31Ga
32Ge
33As
34Se
35Br
36Kr
37Rb
38Sr
39Y
40Zr
41Nb
42Mo
43Tc
44Ru
45Rh
46Pd
47Ag
48Cd
49In
50Sn
51Sb
52Te
53I
54Xe
55Cs
56Ba
71Lu
72Hf
73Ta
73W
75Re
76Os
77Ir
78Pt
79Au
80Hg
81Tl
82Pb
83Bi
84Po
85At
86Rn
87Fr
88Ra
103Lr
104Rf
105Db
106Sg
107Bh
108Hs
109Mt
110Ds
111Uuu
112Uub
113Uut
114Uuq
116Uuh
118Uuo
1H
2He
3Li
4Be
5B
6C
7N
8O
9F
10Ne
11Na
12Mg
13Al
14Si
15P
16S
17Cl
18Ar
19K
20Ca
21Sc
22Ti
23V
24Cr
25Mn
26Fe
27Co
28Ni
29Cu
30Zn
31Ga
32Ge
33As
34Se
35Br
36Kr
37Rb
38Sr
39Y
40Zr
41Nb
42Mo
43Tc
44Ru
45Rh
46Pd
47Ag
48Cd
49In
50Sn
51Sb
52Te
53I
54Xe
55Cs
56Ba
71Lu
72Hf
73Ta
73W
75Re
76Os
77Ir
78Pt
79Au
80Hg
81Tl
82Pb
83Bi
84Po
85At
86Rn
87Fr
88Ra
103Lr
104Rf
105Db
106Sg
107Bh
108Hs
109Mt
110Ds
111Uuu
112Uub
113Uut
114Uuq
116Uuh
118Uuo
1H
2He
3Li
4Be
5B
6C
7N
8O
9F
10Ne
11Na
12Mg
13Al
14Si
15P
16S
17Cl
18Ar
19K
20Ca
21Sc
22Ti
23V
24Cr
25Mn
26Fe
27Co
28Ni
29Cu
30Zn
31Ga
32Ge
33As
34Se
35Br
36Kr
37Rb
38Sr
39Y
40Zr
41Nb
42Mo
43Tc
44Ru
45Rh
46Pd
47Ag
48Cd
49In
50Sn
51Sb
52Te
53I
54Xe
55Cs
56Ba
71Lu
72Hf
73Ta
73W
75Re
76Os
77Ir
78Pt
79Au
80Hg
81Tl
82Pb
83Bi
84Po
85At
86Rn
87Fr
88Ra
103Lr
104Rf
105Db
106Sg
107Bh
108Hs
109Mt
110Ds
111Uuu
112Uub
113Uut
114Uuq
116Uuh
118Uuo
9
The Mixed Groups• Families containing both metals and nonmetals• The aluminum family• The the six metals (and more) under the staircase
1H
2He
3Li
4Be
5B
6C
7N
8O
9F
10Ne
11Na
12Mg
13Al
14Si
15P
16S
17Cl
18Ar
19K
20Ca
21Sc
22Ti
23V
24Cr
25Mn
26Fe
27Co
28Ni
29Cu
30Zn
31Ga
32Ge
33As
34Se
35Br
36Kr
37Rb
38Sr
39Y
40Zr
41Nb
42Mo
43Tc
44Ru
45Rh
46Pd
47Ag
48Cd
49In
50Sn
51Sb
52Te
53I
54Xe
55Cs
56Ba
71Lu
72Hf
73Ta
73W
75Re
76Os
77Ir
78Pt
79Au
80Hg
81Tl
82Pb
83Bi
84Po
85At
86Rn
87Fr
88Ra
103Lr
104Rf
105Db
106Sg
107Bh
108Hs
109Mt
110Ds
111Uuu
112Uub
113Uut
114Uuq
116Uuh
118Uuo
1H
2He
3Li
4Be
5B
6C
7N
8O
9F
10Ne
11Na
12Mg
13Al
14Si
15P
16S
17Cl
18Ar
19K
20Ca
21Sc
22Ti
23V
24Cr
25Mn
26Fe
27Co
28Ni
29Cu
30Zn
31Ga
32Ge
33As
34Se
35Br
36Kr
37Rb
38Sr
39Y
40Zr
41Nb
42Mo
43Tc
44Ru
45Rh
46Pd
47Ag
48Cd
49In
50Sn
51Sb
52Te
53I
54Xe
55Cs
56Ba
71Lu
72Hf
73Ta
73W
75Re
76Os
77Ir
78Pt
79Au
80Hg
81Tl
82Pb
83Bi
84Po
85At
86Rn
87Fr
88Ra
103Lr
104Rf
105Db
106Sg
107Bh
108Hs
109Mt
110Ds
111Uuu
112Uub
113Uut
114Uuq
116Uuh
118Uuo
1H
2He
3Li
4Be
5B
6C
7N
8O
9F
10Ne
11Na
12Mg
13Al
14Si
15P
16S
17Cl
18Ar
19K
20Ca
21Sc
22Ti
23V
24Cr
25Mn
26Fe
27Co
28Ni
29Cu
30Zn
31Ga
32Ge
33As
34Se
35Br
36Kr
37Rb
38Sr
39Y
40Zr
41Nb
42Mo
43Tc
44Ru
45Rh
46Pd
47Ag
48Cd
49In
50Sn
51Sb
52Te
53I
54Xe
55Cs
56Ba
71Lu
72Hf
73Ta
73W
75Re
76Os
77Ir
78Pt
79Au
80Hg
81Tl
82Pb
83Bi
84Po
85At
86Rn
87Fr
88Ra
103Lr
104Rf
105Db
106Sg
107Bh
108Hs
109Mt
110Ds
111Uuu
112Uub
113Uut
114Uuq
116Uuh
118Uuo
10
Metalloids (Semimetals)• Close to the “stair-step” and often show a mixture
of metallic and nonmetallic properties.
11
Some of the Nonmetals• Halogens• Noble Gases aka Inert Gases (Unreactive)
1H
2He
3Li
4Be
5B
6C
7N
8O
9F
10Ne
11Na
12Mg
13Al
14Si
15P
16S
17Cl
18Ar
19K
20Ca
21Sc
22Ti
23V
24Cr
25Mn
26Fe
27Co
28Ni
29Cu
30Zn
31Ga
32Ge
33As
34Se
35Br
36Kr
37Rb
38Sr
39Y
40Zr
41Nb
42Mo
43Tc
44Ru
45Rh
46Pd
47Ag
48Cd
49In
50Sn
51Sb
52Te
53I
54Xe
55Cs
56Ba
71Lu
72Hf
73Ta
73W
75Re
76Os
77Ir
78Pt
79Au
80Hg
81Tl
82Pb
83Bi
84Po
85At
86Rn
87Fr
88Ra
103Lr
104Rf
105Db
106Sg
107Bh
108Hs
109Mt
110Ds
111Uuu
112Uub
113Uut
114Uuq
116Uuh
118Uuo
1H
2He
3Li
4Be
5B
6C
7N
8O
9F
10Ne
11Na
12Mg
13Al
14Si
15P
16S
17Cl
18Ar
19K
20Ca
21Sc
22Ti
23V
24Cr
25Mn
26Fe
27Co
28Ni
29Cu
30Zn
31Ga
32Ge
33As
34Se
35Br
36Kr
37Rb
38Sr
39Y
40Zr
41Nb
42Mo
43Tc
44Ru
45Rh
46Pd
47Ag
48Cd
49In
50Sn
51Sb
52Te
53I
54Xe
55Cs
56Ba
71Lu
72Hf
73Ta
73W
75Re
76Os
77Ir
78Pt
79Au
80Hg
81Tl
82Pb
83Bi
84Po
85At
86Rn
87Fr
88Ra
103Lr
104Rf
105Db
106Sg
107Bh
108Hs
109Mt
110Ds
111Uuu
112Uub
113Uut
114Uuq
116Uuh
118Uuo
12
Modern Period Table