Optimizing the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies With HSCT
Navigating Hematologic Malignancies · 2019. 6. 26. · When to transition is not as clear as with...
Transcript of Navigating Hematologic Malignancies · 2019. 6. 26. · When to transition is not as clear as with...
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Navigating Hematologic MalignanciesPresented by
Aimée Swickey, RN, BSN, BMTCN, ONN-CGInpatient Hematologic Malignancy Nurse Navigator
OU Medical Center
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*Leukemias, Myelomas, Lymphomas, and more…. There are over 60 types of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma alone! 1
NO STANDARIZED SCREENING!!! 2,3,4
*Risk Factors: Lots
few expect such a diagnosis
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Molecular Profiling 5
Immunophenotype
Immunohistochemistry
(IHC)/Flow Cytometry
CD# (Cluster of Differentiation or
Classification Determinant)
Identifies cell surface
molecules
Identify targeted drugs
Example: CD 20+ = Rituxan
treatment
Cytogenetics
Karotying, FISH, NGS (Next Generation
Sequencing)
Translocations, Inversions, Deletions,
Duplications
Diagnostic
Example:
t15:17 most common with APL
Predictive Example: Del5q in MDS have improved outcomes
with Revlimid
Prognostic Example: Del17p in
CLL = poor prognostic indicator
Molecular Testing Biomarkers
PCR (Polymerase
Chain Reaction)
Targeted therapy (and prognostic) example: FLT3+ =
Rydapt
Prognostic: TP53 indicates
more aggressive disease
MRD Testing (Minimal Residual
Disease)
How sensitive is the test?
What does it mean in the
setting of bone marrow
cellularity?
Is there a “safe” level of MRD?
Flow Cytometry (more colors =
more sensitive), PCR, NGS, etc.
Drug Resistance Mutations
TKI (Tyrosine Kinase
Inhibitors)
Some patients don’t respond
well
Now we can predict it
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Factors determining treatment
Molecular Profiling (remember that slide before)
Clinical Trial availability for the diagnosis
Age
Comorbidities
Social Factors
Unique Patient Needs
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ULTIMATELY THE TREATMENT
IS THE TREATMENT ONE !!!
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How do we help a patient get the best? Be the best GPS you can be!
Navigators help get the patient to best by:
Identifying barriers
Educate on the treatment path and the terminology?
Induction
Consolidation
Remission
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Navigating to the best treatment Educate on clinical trial barriers 6,7
No “Guinea Pigs”
No Placebos
Identify patient needs No blood products?
Placement for Rehab/SNF/LTAC?
Identify Goals of Care Newly diagnosed patient wants hospice?
Why?
Beliefs and understanding about prognosis and treatment options?
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Navigating to the best treatment Educate to correct misinformation
NOT everything on the internet is true!!!
Stick to sites like ACS and LLS
Provide trusted written information
EMPOWER and Assist the patient and caregivers to overcome barriers!!!!
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40% of all new cancer therapies approved by the FDA since 2000 have been for blood cancer. 8
Digital Image: used with permission via Shutterstock, image ID: 518050087. 3D illustration by Kateryna Kon
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More Innovations 2017, 4 new AML
treatments after 40 years of nothing 10
2018, 7 new treatments 9
3 of them for AML
SQ reformulations Rituxan Hycela
New combinations or new formulations Vyxeos (a liposomal take
on 7+3)
Vidaza +Venetoclax
• FLT3 Inhibitors
• IDH1 and IDH2 treatments
CAR-T Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-
cell Therapy
R/R B-cell ALL (25 & less)
R/R DLBCL
More studies underway
Digital Image: used with permission via Shutterstock, ID: 1260397813 . 3D illustration by Meletios Verras
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Unique to the Malignant Hematology Population
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Multiple Extended HospitalizationsAML inductions – 1 month or more
*ANC recovered to 500 & transfusions every 2 to 3 days or less*(different physician groups have different criteria)
May have to return every 3 weeks (+/-) for 3-7 days of consolidation
Neutropenic Fevers, etc.
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Outpatient Regimens and treatment
May have to return every 3 weeks (+/-) for 3-5 days of consolidation
*some cases, also a day for equipment return & Neulasta
APL (inpatient induction but then…)*1 hour/day x 5 days/week x 4 weeks, 4 weeks on/4weeks off
x 8 months
Some Multiple Myeloma patients - Dialysis
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Chronic LeukemiaLifelong Oral Therapy
*Cost*Side Effects
Labs and moreUp to 3x/week labs
PICC flushesprn transfusions
weekly PICC dressing change
Can the facility accept your provider’s orders manage a Port/PICC?Can the facility give irradiated/filtered/single donor platelets?
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Even MoreColony Stimulating Factors (Filgrastim, Pegfilgrastim, TBO-filgrastim, Sargramostim)
Prophylactic meds*antimicrobials*antiemetics*more based on patient’s unique needs
Home Health*IV antimicrobials*Med management*PT/OT
SNF/Rehab/LTAC*When does patient need more chemo?*Is patient on oral chemo or other high $ oral meds?*Is patient on high $ IV meds?
???Will patient need Blood and Marrow Transplant OR CAR-T???
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Health InsuranceBe aware of challenges up front! It can affect the long term outcomes
Is the patient in-network at your facility?
Inpatient/Outpatient/Transplant
Uninsured
Hospitalization
Outpatient – labs, transfusions, prophylactic meds, oral therapies, chemotherapy/biotherapy
Blood and Marrow Transplant
Underinsured
Those with No Medicare Part B, D, or Supplemental Medicare coverage
Some “insurance” pays a daily rate for Inpatient ONLY
Indian Health
Delivers healthcare, not health insurance per CMS 11
Some tribes offer extra services
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Overcoming Health Insurance Challenges
1. Be aware of the processes at your facility2. Connect the pieces3. Fill in the gaps
Disability application SSI/SSDICharity ApplicationsPatient Assistance Program ApplicationsCopay Assistance ProgramsAffordable Care Act 12, 13, 14
Other financial assistance programs
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Transportation/Lodging Transportation
Can they drive?
Reliable vehicle?
How far are they from treatment?
Cost of fuel, parking, tolls?
American Cancer Society/Grants/Insurance assistance
Lodging
How to handle multi-day outpatient treatment for out of town patients?
American Cancer Society - Hope Lodge or Guest Room Program
Facility based lodging solutions
Grants/ Insurance assistance
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Financial FMLA
What if the patient doesn’t qualify? Cost of insurance while on FMLA, especially if paid time is used up May use it all up, then what? Treatments over multiple years – what if the patient didn’t work 1,250
hours in the previous 12 months ? COBRA cost Cost of treatment
More expensive to treat Hematologic Malignancies than others 10
Cost of new treatments increasing Chronic Treatments (i.e. long term oral therapy) Financial Toxicity examples
Increased non-adherence with oral therapy with increased copay 16,18
64-79% increased risk of mortality with cancer patients filing bankruptcy 16, 18
Increased cost sharing 3% 2004 to 88% 2017 17
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Neutropenic Fever Blood Cultures, other
tests, 1st dose antibiotic, and fluids within one hour 19, 20
Education: 100.4 temp -Go to closest ED
VIP (Very Immunocompromised Patient)
Symptomatic Thrombocytopenia Educate on signs of
bleeding Labs and prn transfusions
in place locally
Oral Therapy Side Effects fatigue, nausea,
depression, rashes/skin issues, diarrhea, and more
Call Provider, don’t just NOT take the med
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Increased Support Need Long Inpatient Stays
Lifetime Oral Therapy
Complex Disease
Lots of Variables
Financial Toxicity
Complex Social Needs
“Remission” & treatment path roller coaster
More complexities of disease & management = more complex outcomes and dealing with it.
AYA needs
Mental Health diagnoses
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Long Term Surveillance (Survivorship Care Plans)
Routine Check Ups with Oncologist
Labs
Scans
Reintegration with Community Physician
Reintegration into the New Normal
Education, Monitoring, and Treatment of
Late and Long Term Effects
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Potential Late and Long Term Effects 21
Cognitive (i.e. chemo brain/brain fog)
Hearing Loss, Cataracts
Transfusion dependence
Impaired Immune System Function
Fatigue
Depression
PTSD
Secondary Cancers
Peripheral Neuropathy
Heart Conditions/Damage
Lung Damage
Thyroid problems
Infertility
Osteoporosis
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End of Life 22
When to transition is not as clear as with solid tumors
“Unlike most solid malignancies, where advanced (stage IV) disease is incurable, many advanced (blood) cancers remain potentially curable, which does make their situation at the end of life unique.” Dr. Gregory A. Abel, director of the Older Adult Hematologic Malignancy Program at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Most common barrier (found by the study) = unrealistic expectation about cure or prolonged life expectancy
What are YOUR goals of care?
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Heme Malignant patients are a fragile populations
Complex and multiple education and coordination needs
Pilot Project
Show Outcomes
Decreased 30 day readmission
Increased patient satisfaction
Increased patient referrals
Uninsured patients becoming insured
Patient assistance programs for drug coverage
Increased community connection
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Case Study 55y/o Caucasian Female, presented with fatigue, pancytopenia on CBC, symptomatic anemia, and
bruising
new dx: AML, Intermediate risk "Cytogenetics showed only one cell with del6q and trisomy 8”
Employed full time, Lives local, good transportation, supportive family, privately insured
What do you anticipate her treatment may be?
What is anticipated significance of 1 cell having abnormalities?
Placed on trial
Sibs typed for transplant
D14 BMBx = hypocellular Bone Marrow, 6% blasts with normal cytogenetics
What is the significance of the D14 Bone Marrow?
Needs at discharge?
Later BMBx showed CR based on morphology , cytogenetics and FISH
Sibs not a match
3 cycles of consolidation when her EF dropped to 40%, taken off trial
Now what?
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Early the following year patient relapsed, “marrow revealed new translocations 46 XX,T (7;17;13) (p13;q23q13) [7] and 46,XX t (6;15) (p10;p10) [10] , 40% blasts with negative FISH from ch8”
FMLA used up and she did not have enough hours worked in the 12 month period to qualify for more FMLA, but employer “protected” her job until her employer changed hands
What do you anticipate her needs will be? What suggestions would you have for her?
Reinduced. Achieved CR with MRD on flow 1.5% blast on nonlysed cells and 18% blasts with CD13 and CD56
Insurance covered BMT at 50% at her local transplant center
How can you help the patient at this time?
Patient chose to move forward with local BMT and change of insurance to ACA plan.
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Blood Cancers are complex with many nuances and a fluid treatment path.
Precision medicine allows for more targeted treatment, but also means a need for more education and guidance.
Anticipate patient needs
Labs
Transfusion
Lodging
Transportation
Transplant
Know your local processes
Connect the dots
Fill in the gaps
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1. https://www.cancer.gov/types/by-body-location2. https://moffitt.org/cancers/leukemia/screening/, 3. https://moffitt.org/cancers/lymphomas-hodgkin-and-non-hodgkin/screening4. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiple-myeloma/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html5. https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/National/USA/Pdf/Publications/FS31_Cancer_Molecular_Profiling.pdf6 . https://www.nccn.org/patients/resources/clinical_trials/faq.aspx7. https://www.nccn.org/patients/resources/clinical_trials/explanation.aspx8. https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/National/USA/Image/Landing_Pages/AnnualReport/LLS-Beyond-Blood-Cancer_6_18.pdf9. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/new-dru10. https://www.curetoday.com/publications/cure/2018/hematology-1-2018/after-40-years-acute-myeloid-leukemia-gets-4-new-treatments gs-fda-cders-new-molecular-entities-and-new-therapeutic-biological-products/novel-drug-approvals-201811. https://www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/American-Indian-Alaska-Native/AIAN/Downloads/10-Important-Facts-About-IHS-and-Health-Care-.pdf12. https://www.healthcare.gov13. https://www.healthcare.gov/sep-list/14. https://www.healthcare.gov/american-indians-alaska-natives/coverage/15. http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/130/Suppl_1/4713?sso-checked=true16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC598527117. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care/track-care-costs/financial-toxicity-hp-pdq#_7618. https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article/108/5/djv370/241241519. https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13643-019-1006-820. https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/clinicaltools/index.html21. https://www.lls.org/managing-your-cancer/long-term-and-late-effects-for-cancer-survivors22. https://meyercancer.weill.cornell.edu/news/2016-07-12/unrealistic-expectations-may-hinder-blood-cancer-patients-care