Nature vs. Nurture

Chapters 10 and 13

Nature vs. Nurture QuizAnswer True or False for the following questions 1. Even complex human traits are determined

by a single gene 2. People’s divorce risks are about 50%

attributable to genetic factors 3. Adoptees’ traits bear more similar to their

adoptive parents than to their biological parents 4. Two different children in the same family are

on average as different from one another as are pairs of children selected from the general population

Nature vs. Nurture Quiz cont5. If after a worldwide catastrophe only

Icelanders and Kenyans survived, the human species would soon be just as mixed and diverse as it is now

6. A child who hears English spoken with one accent at home and another in the neighborhood or at school adopts the accent of their peers, not their parents

7. Compared with Westerners, people in Japan exhibit greater concern for social harmony and loyalty

Nature vs. Nurture Quiz cont

8. Seven weeks after conception, males and females remain anatomically identical

9. Even when families discourage gender typing, children still organize themselves into “boy worlds” and “girl worlds”

Nature vs. Nurture Quiz Answers

1. False2. True3. False4. True5. False6. True7. True8. True9. True

Heredity vs. Environment

Heredity- characteristics obtained directly from the genes

Environment- person’s surroundings (which influence a person’s characteristics)

Journal- which do you think has the greatest influence? Nature? Nurture? Why?

Heredity

Genes- basic units of heredity Ex eye color, hair color, body build, etc.

Chromosomes- structures containing genesAll human cells contain 46 chromosomes

(23 pairs), except for reproductive cells which contain 23 chromosomes (1/2 of a pair, so they can attach to the other half to make a person)

Gender

X Chromosome In both men and women (men have 1,

women have 2)X Chromosome from each parent produces a

female childY Chromosome

Only in men (men have 1)Y Chromosome when paired with the X

Chromosome from the mother produces a male child

Gender Roles

Gender Role- set of expected behaviors for men and women

Gender Identity- one’s sense of being male or female

Gender Roles Quiz

Take Gender Roles QuizWhat messages do you remember

picking up from parents/teachers/the media growing up about boys and girls?

Which messages will you give your own child one day?

If you could change some messages which would you change? Why?

Gender Roles Quiz cont

What does it mean to be a strong man? What about a strong woman? Are they different?

Which careers do you classify as male? As female? Will this influence you one day?

In an ideal world how would gender look?

Gender Roles Quiz

Take the Gender Roles in the Home Quiz 1 F, 2 F, 3 M, 4 F, 5 M, 6 M, 7 M, 8 M, 9 F, 10

M, 11 F, 12 M, 13 F, 14 M, 15 F, 16 F

Evolutionary Psychology

Evolutionary Psychology- the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using the principles of natural selection

Natural Selection- the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increase reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Evolutionary Psychology

World wide, men preferred attractive physical features suggesting youth and health and women preferred resources and social status

Evolutionary Psychology Quiz

Take Evolutionary Psychology Quiz#1 Most people picked 5 year old

More attached to older child, known longerChild speaks, has emotions, etc.Not as close to infant Infant can’t speak, do anything

#2 Most people picked 20 year old20 year old still has a lot of life ahead, too

young to die40 year told has lived his/her life, older and

ready more ready to die

Evolutionary Psychology Quiz cont

#3 Men say youngeryouth and appearance, better chance to

procreate, healthier

Women say oldersettled, mature, family man

# 4Men and women rate kindness highMen rate attractiveness higherMen rate exciting personality higherWomen rate ambition and motivation higherWomen rate financial prospects higher

Evolutionary Psychology Quiz

#5 Most people say mother of the motherAssume mothers are more nurturing and caring,

so double pick double mother#6 Most people say death of a son

Men valued more, can carry on family name, can provide for family if needed

#7 Most people say death of a healthy childNot fair, sudden, child go on to procreateUnhealthy child ok, prepared for death

Evolutionary Psychology

Rate your 4 grandparents on a scale of 1-100 (1 cold, no relationship, 100 very warm, great relationship)

Do mother mother, mother father, father mother, and father father

Most people rate mother mother highest and father father lowest

Maybe grandparents follow Evolutionary Psychology too?

Twin Studies

Used to debate “nature vs. nurture”Identical twins- one egg that splits

the most alike any 2 people can beFraternal twins- 2 eggs

as different as regular

siblings or 2 random people Read about Minnesota

Twin Study

Individualism vs. Collectivism

Individualism- giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

Collectivism- giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly

Western cultures (America/Europe) tend to be more individualist than Eastern cultures (Asia/Africa)

Morality Defined by individuals Defined by social networks (self-based) (duty-based)

Attributing Behavior reflects one’s personality Behavior reflects socialbehaviors and attitudes and roles

Value Contrasts Between Individualism and Collectivism

Concept Individualism Collectivism

Self Independent Interdependent (identity from individual traits) identity from belonging)

Life task Discover and express one’s Maintain connections, fit in uniqueness

What matters Me--personal achievement and We-group goals and solidarity; fulfillment; rights and liberties social responsibilities and

relationships

Coping method Change reality Accommodate to reality

Relationships Many, often temporary or casual; Few, close and enduring;confrontation acceptable harmony valued

Individualism vs. Collectivism

Take Individualism vs. Collectivism QuizAnswers

Give yourself the amount of points of the number you chose for questions 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9

Reverse the numbers (ex. 1=5) for questions 3, 6, 8, and 10

The higher your score the more collectivist you are, the lower your school the more collectivist you are