The Chemistry of Life, The Nature of Matter 2-1 2-1 The Nature of Matter.
Nature of Matter
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Transcript of Nature of Matter
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Nature of Matter
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Matter
• Anything that takes up space• Has mass• You are made up of matter…and so is
everything around you
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Looking more closely at matter…
• Atoms: basic building blocks of matter
• Atoms are made up of Subatomic particles:
PROTONSNEUTRONSELECTRONS
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Subatomic particles
• Proton: +, nucleus• Neutrons: neutral,
nucleus• Electrons: negative,
cloud around nucleus; organization inside cloud – into shells
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Atomic Rules
• The number of protons and electrons are usually equal in an atom
• So the positives and negatives balance out…• So the overall charge of an atom is:
0
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Elements
• Pure substance• Made up of only one type of atom
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WHICH ELEMENTS ARE THE MOST COMMON IN LIVING THINGS?
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To answer that question…
• We have to look at the substances that make up you.
• More often than not, elements do not exist in their solitary state.
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WHICH ELEMENTS ARE THE MOST COMMON IN LIVING THINGS?
Sooo……
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Key elements for living things
• CARBON (C)• HYDROGEN (H)• OXYGEN (O)• PHOSPHORUS (P)• NITROGEN (N)• SULFUR (S)
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Atomic Number
• Number of protons in an atom– Carbon’s atomic number = 6– So carbon has 6 protons
• And by default…since atoms are neutral, we can say:– Atomic number is also equal to the number of
electrons
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PRACTICE!
• Neon = atomic number is 10– # protons?– # electrons?
• CHLORINE = atomic number is 17– # protons?– # electrons?
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Side Note
• If we change the atomic number, we change the element we are talking about…
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Ions
• An atom that has gained or lost electrons– If an atom gains electrons…it’s charge is– If an atom loses electrons…it’s charge is
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How are ions important to you?
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What about the neutrons?
• Atomic Mass: sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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So…
• To figure out the number of neutrons in an atom…you have to:
Atomic mass – atomic number = # of neutrons
Practice: carbon’s atomic number is 6, mass is 12
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More practice
• Chlorine: atomic number = 17atomic mass = 35
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Isotopes
• Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons
• Isotopes: atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
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How are isotopes important to you?
• Can be used as “chemical tracers” to help locate certain substances at the cellular level
• Radioactive isotopes:– Dating– Study biological processes– Treatments– Exposure
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Compounds
• Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
• Example: WATER!
• Water is NOT an element! Made up of 2 elements!!