Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf...
Transcript of Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf...
![Page 1: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nature & Human HealthImplications for Seattle’s Urban Forest
Kathleen Wolf, Ph.D.Research Social Scientist
University of Washington (Seattle)School of Environmental and Forest Sciences
US Forest Service, Pacific NW Research Station
City of Seattle, UFC/IDT Workshop3 October 2018
![Page 2: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
WHO Health Definition
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
and not merely the absenceof disease or infirmity (1946)
![Page 3: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Determinants of Health
Social Determinants
![Page 4: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Outline1. City Trees & Health: the evidence 2. Nearby Nature & Health: the evidence
3. Program Translations
4. UF Planning/Design
![Page 5: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Urban Forests and Newbornsthe natural environment may affect pregnancy outcomes . . .10% increase in tree-canopy cover
within 50m of a house= lower number of low weight births
(1.42 per 1000 births)Donovan et al., Health & Place 2011; Hystad et al., Env Health Perspectives 2014
![Page 6: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Trees & Physical Activity
• school children in cities grades 6 to 8• relationship of tree cover to outside-of-school physical
activity• 5% increase in treed area cover =
5% increase in free-time physical activityJanssen et al. 2015. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
KCET Los Angeles
![Page 7: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sacramento Study :: LIDAR x CHIS data7,900 adults, 250 m buffer, covariates
Ulmer et al. 2016. Health & Place. Multiple health benefits of urban tree canopy: The mounting evidence for a green prescription.
more tree cover= better overall health= better social cohesion
![Page 8: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1990 to 2007, 1,296 counties in 15 statesinfected areas vs. no bugs
15,000 more deaths from cardiovascular disease6,000 more deaths from lower respiratory diseasecontrolled for demographic, human mortality, and
forest health data at the county level
Donovan et al. 2013. Journal of Preventive Medicine
2009, EAB in neighborhood
photo credits: Dan Herms, Ohio State U
Toledo, Ohio in 2006, pre EAB
EAB Tree Loss & Public Health
![Page 9: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Improving Depression20 adults with major depression walk in a park setting and a built setting
50-minute walks one week apartbefore-after testing:
Mood: Positive and Negative Affect (PANAS)Cognition: Backward Digit Span (BDS)
Berman et al. 2012. Journal of Affective Disorders
cognitive and affective improvements after walking in a nature setting
![Page 10: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
City Trees & Human Health
newborn & infant healthincreased physical activity for kidsoverall adult healthsocial cohesionrespiratory & cardiovascular healthreduced depression
![Page 11: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
City Trees and Human Health: A Systematic ReviewPurpose: carefully collect and synthesize the peer-reviewed evidence concerning city trees and human health
Sponsors:
![Page 12: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Project TeamKathleen Wolf, Ph.D., University of WashingtonSharon Lam, MSc, University of TorontoJennifer McKeen, MPH, Simon Fraser UniversityGregory Richardson, MUP, Health CanadaMatilda Van Den Bosch, M.D, University of British ColumbiaAdrina Bardekjian, Ph.D., Tree Canada
![Page 13: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Methods
![Page 14: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Greenspace & Health PathwaysMarkevych, I., et al. 2017. Exploring pathways linking greenspace to health: Theoretical and methodological guidance. Environmental Research 158, 301-317.
![Page 15: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
USDA Forest Service, U of WA, Health Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Tree Fund
Literature Review – City Trees & Human Health
182 peer-
reviewedarticles
figure credit: Sharon Lam
![Page 16: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Limitations of Evidence• heterogeneity of study methods,
few experiments• heterogeneity of tree or forest
interventions • lack of replication• did not include qualitative studies• thus, not able to conclusively state
outcomes
![Page 17: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Outline1. City Trees & Health: the evidence 2. Nearby Nature & Health: the evidence
3. Program Translations
4. UF Planning/Design
![Page 18: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Metro Nature & Human Health
![Page 19: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Sponsors: USDA Forest Service, (U&CF Program + Pacific NW Research)University of WashingtonNGO partners
Thanks! to U of WA students:Katrina FloraMary Ann RozanceSarah Krueger
www.greenhealth.washington.edu
Research Reviews & Summaries
Green Cities: Good Health
![Page 20: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Science Review
nearby nature & health evidence> 40 years> 5,000 publications
what are the ‘stories’?
![Page 22: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Green Cities: Good Healthdatabase of >4,500 peer reviewed publications
![Page 23: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
design:
co-author:
co-author & printing:
![Page 24: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
USDA Forest Service
2018
![Page 25: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Outline1. City Trees & Health: the evidence 2. Nearby Nature & Health: the evidence
3. Program Translations
4. UF Planning/Design
![Page 26: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Story: Human Health Benefits Across the Life Cycle
![Page 27: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ADHD and nature contact• 96 children aged 7-12
diagnosed ADD or ADHD• Parents gave postactivity
attentional functioning ratings (PAAF) –
• 4 measures:• Can’t stay focused on
unappealing tasks (homework or chores)
• Can’t complete tasks• Can’t listen and follow directions• Easily distracted
Faber Taylor. 2001. Environment & Behavior
![Page 28: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ADHD and nature contact• 17 children aged 7-12 with
diagnosed ADHD• 20-minute guided
walks• Park• Neighborhood• Downtown
• Pre-walk puzzles• Post-walk cognitive test
Faber Taylor & Kuo. 2009. Journal of Attention Disorders
![Page 29: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Hygiene Hypothesis
29
presence of soil bacteria in body, Mycobacterium vaccae = increased seratoninboost immune functionmay alleviate depression (dirt or Prozac?)
Lowry et al. 2007. Neuroscience
![Page 30: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Eat Dirt!
![Page 31: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Fiddleheads Forest SchoolWashington Park Arboretum (Seattle)
cognitive social & physical learning
![Page 32: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
parks, active living, active transit 32
CDC moderate activity recommendations
![Page 33: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Parks Prescription
![Page 36: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Parks Prescription
![Page 37: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
credit: CNN.com
credit: healthy central florida
![Page 38: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Shinrin yoku (forest bathing)
• extensive research
• restorative experiences
• workers retirees
• networkedsystem, 52 bases in Japan
complexity - productivity
![Page 39: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Santa Rosa, California
![Page 40: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
evidence of lower frustration and higher meditation when moving into the greener streets
Green Streets for Walkability
40
Aspinall et al. 2013. The urban brain: Analysing outdoor physical activity with mobile EEG. British Journal of Sports Medicine
![Page 41: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Other Programs?
study or researchprogram interpretationother possibilities within Seattle’s urban forest?
![Page 43: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Outline1. City Trees & Health: the evidence 2. Nearby Nature & Health: the evidence
3. Program Translations
4. UF Planning/Design
![Page 44: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
co-author:
co-author & printing:
![Page 45: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
WalkingPrograms
childreneldersfamilies
![Page 46: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Vegetation & Mental Health• vegetation cover and afternoon bird
abundances• lower prevalence of depression, anxiety,
and stress: depression, more than 20% cover, anxiety, more than 30% cover, stress, more than 20% cover
Cox et al. 2017. BioScience 67, 147-155.
“dose” at which health
issue is lower
![Page 47: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Canopy Cover & Stressimages of canopy cover varied 0-60%
income
Jiang, et al. 2016. Environment and Behavior 48,607-629.
![Page 48: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Trees, Income & Healthincome health care health
11 more trees in a city block decreased cardio-metabolic conditions =
increase in annual personal income of $20,000, or
moving to a neighborhood with $20,000 higher median income
Kardan, et al. 2015. Scientific Reports 5, 11610
![Page 49: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Beacon Food Forest (Seattle)mimic woodland ecosystem – edible gardening
arboretumberry patchnut grovecommunity gardengathering plazachildren’s arealiving gateway
49
complexity - productivity
![Page 50: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Summary:Knowledge to Practice
• nearly 40 years of research: city trees, nearby nature
• critical mass of evidence – now what?
• integrate evidence into planning & mgmt
• integrate urban forest goals with broader urban systems needs
![Page 51: Nature & Human Health - Seattle · The Economics of Urban Greening for Human Health Author: K Wolf Created Date: 10/2/2018 8:32:45 AM ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042919/5f615597507aa91546543638/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
www.naturewithin.info